江西省赣州市信丰县信丰中学高中英语 定语从句专项讲解与练习 新人教版

1、江西省赣州市信丰县信丰中学高中英语 定语从句专项讲解与练习 新人教版定语从句定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。 它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。 主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。PS:what不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 关系代词或是关系副词的作用：连接主从句、指代先行词

2、和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。1、关系代词：(who, whom, whose, that,) 指人 which , as（指物 which whose of which that ）2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语

3、从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。一：关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。注意事项：that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物；who，whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语，只能指人；whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人，也可以是无，whos

4、e和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。A.指人时1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：I thank the woman. The woman helps me a lot. I thank the woman who (that)helps me a lot.（主语）The man was Jone .I saw him. The man (who whom that) I saw was jone.(作宾语)She was the woman .I told you about her. She was the w

5、oman (who whom that) I told you about .(做介词宾语) She was the woman whom about I told you.(介词后只能用宾格)B.指物时）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，A prosperity appears in the countryside. A prosperity had never been seen before .A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the coun

6、tryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? ( 做宾语)C.3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man. His car had broken down. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概

7、念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of wHes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name) 1、 只用who的 、 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或those , these 时，关系代词用 who。The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Any

8、onewho goes there will be punished.These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 、 在there be 开头的句子中。 Theresa beautiful girl who came to see you this morning. There is a student who wants to see you. 、 先行词后有一个较长的定语。 I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese

9、 well.、 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 、在非限定性定语从句中。 She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago. 、that与which的区分1。 指物时宜用 that 的情况：、 当先行词为 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything

10、, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done. 、当先行词既指人又指物时。 He spoke of the men and the thing(that) he had seen abroad. 、当先行词是疑问词who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词who , what , which 打头时。 Who that has such a home doesnt love it? 、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 This is one of the best films that

11、I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now. 、 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。 This is one of the very book that I am looking for. 、关系代词在从句中作表语。 Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.2。 只能用 which 不能用

12、 that 的情况。 、 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。 Bruce went towards the fire,which was still smoking. Tom came back late,which made his parents very angry. 、关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.、 that，those作主语时Those which are on the desk are English books. .先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从

13、句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big. 注意 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。(1)one of复数名词关系代词复数动词 He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通过考试的学生。 (3)其他情况I，who am your teacher

14、，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事二：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。2、 （二）关系副词的用法： 1when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first be

15、came a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is

16、the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3 why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当

17、于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的pl

18、ace, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory

19、which/that makes radio parts. 3 when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三.1.限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? （注意的that）2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在

20、文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如： I told the story to John, who

21、later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 3两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试

22、比较： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个） 4有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不

23、是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如： He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导 四as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt asmy friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in Chi

24、na. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个

25、句子的内容，as 引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。 Which you know, he is a good man. () As you know, he is a good man. () 四as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, whichwas unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks

26、 a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2.e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.5。关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on

27、which, in which , for which等，可以互换： The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st. I dont know the reason why /for which he didnt come. 6。whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系： This is the book the cover of which / whose cover is blue. 7。有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。 This is the reason (why / for whi

28、ch / that) he came late. 3、考题训练。1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where

29、 they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. w

30、hich D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the

31、other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my

32、father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _ you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was us

33、ed yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with h

34、im 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In

35、our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Las

36、t summer we visited the WestLake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. wh

37、ich; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have l

38、ooked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the

39、 way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used t

40、o give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on what

41、ever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget thos

42、e years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns

43、. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is

44、_ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which

45、D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

46、。 5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which

47、,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the s

48、ame.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语. 16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句

49、中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以