最新职称英语理工类B真题及答案

1、职称英语理工类B真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项1. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A limit B. fear C. po

2、wer D. fool4. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal5. She ' s extremely competent and industrious.A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish7. He tried

3、 to assemble his thoughts.A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious10. These products are infe

4、rior to those we brought last year.A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.A. coexisting B. fair

5、 C. full D .pubic13. They ' re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.A. requesting B .planning C. preparing D. looking14. He said some harsh words about his brother.A. unkind B. proper C. normal D. unclear15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amount

6、 B. supply C. sum D. temp第二部分：阅读判断ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That ' s the finding of a new study. Released when things aren' t

7、 burned（pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia University' s Mailman School of Publicis New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environm

8、ent affects children ' s health inewnstudy, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera 'team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe探查）other s

9、ources of PAHs, ones that' s would havehard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a woman ' s blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nineyears later, the researchers investigated signs of attent

10、ion problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child ' msother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（长期的）mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble followi

11、ng instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera a

12、nd her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16. Perera and her team

13、 chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effe

14、ct of smoking on PAHs was unclear.B. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20 Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more lik

15、ely to have kids with ADHD.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概况大意与完成句子First Image-recognitions software1) Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have

16、 created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2）The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algoHthm（运算法贝U ）for image rec

17、ognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel像素）data in images and potentially videorather than just textto locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results fro

18、m text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned（收集）from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions（图片说明）,making for more accurate document search results.3） “Overthe last 30 years, "says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, th

19、e web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist（主旨）of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surp

20、risingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to

21、 make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search. ”4）The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic（语义的）information from

22、pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries（查询）on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval searc

23、h engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 12

24、4. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A. Popularity of the new systemB. Publication of the new discoveryC .Function of the new systemD. Artificial intelligence software createdE. Problems of the existing search enginesF .Improvement in document retrieval27. The new system does document retriev

25、al by.28. The new system is expected to improve precision in.29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore. 30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the. A. information in imagesB. current popular search enginesC. using photosD. machine vision s

26、ystemsE. document searchF. description of the HTML page第四部分：阅读理解第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they ' resually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you con

27、centrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this in

28、creases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren' t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees

29、 and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem becausemore chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects

30、and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as

31、shade grown and bird friendly. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more.But we ' re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it ' s worth it.31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B. Coffee is b

32、ecoming more expensive to produce.C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.32. The function of the word Traditionally in Paragraph 2 is to show.A. the positive effects of coffee.B. a change of coffee growth.C. something that is the most impo

33、rtant.D. how coffee production used to be.33. What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?A. More insects.B. Better quality coffee.C. Larger farms.D. Higher profits.34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?A. They buy more land from other farmers.B. They cut do

34、wn trees.C. They move to another country.D. They turn grassland into farmland.35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT full sunA. insects.B. air.C. birdsD. humans第二篇 More Rural Research is NeededAgricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does

35、now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.“Theglobal decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to

36、be made towards reducing malnutrition（营养不 良）and poverty. " he said.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation（贫瘠化）and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world

37、' s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world ' s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there ' ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be

38、 in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.The developing world was investin

39、g about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product（GDP）on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat produ

40、ction research having spin-offs（有用的副产品）for Mexico, China or India.“Technologiesstill need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently. " Dr. Fischer said.Yields of rice, wheat ad maize（玉米）have

41、grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “Ifyou want t

42、o save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you ' re going to have to increase yield." Dr. Fischer said.36. What is the passage mainly about?A. Shortage of food supplies.B. Development of agricultural technologies.C. Impact of agricultural research.D. Expectat

43、ion of population growth.37. Which of the following statements is true about the world ' s agricultural research funding?A. It is increasing among developed countries.B. It is decreasing worldwide.C. Less is demanded from developing countries.D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.38. What is t

44、he picture of Asia' s food supplies in the first 25 years?A. Food shortage will not be a problemB. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.39. What does Dr. Fischer say about techno

45、logies? Dr FischerA. They are costly.B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.C. Their application is limited.D. They have to be applied locally.40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that.A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.B. crop production is growin

46、g faster in developing countries.C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.第三篇 Dangers await babies with altitudeWomen who live in the world ' Isighest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study s

47、uggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn' clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourish

48、ed many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in bothrich and poor areas of two cities: L

49、a Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city inthe world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and

50、low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. We were very surprised by this result, says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. This may

51、trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the

52、 brain in preference to rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary（ 冠状的）heart disease. And newborns with a high

53、 ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41. What does the new study discover?A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.C. Newborns in cities are lighter tha

54、n average.D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.42. Giussani and his team are sure that.A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.C. the birth weight of babies bor

55、n to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that.A. the finding was unexpectedB. he was very tired.C. the study took longer than expected.D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.

56、44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies isA. lack of certain nutrition.B. power of their mother.C. different family backgrounds.D. reduction of oxygen levels.45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that.A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressu

57、re in later life.B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）Saving a City ' s Public ArtAvoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be

58、 impossible, but the city coslorfulfreeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict( 描 述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capi

59、tal of the world.But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦),pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. (46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway.(4