大学英语六级综合改错精析(共6页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上大学英语六级综合改错精析 大学英语六级考试不单独考察语法知识，而是在综合改错中，即在语篇上考察考生对语法知识的综合熟练运用程度。改错是较高级的考试中常见的题型，无论语法、词汇还是惯用法都是改错的对象，这就要求考生具备相当高的英语综合运用能力。因此，在某种程度上，它反映了应试者的总体水平。短文形式的改错不仅要求考生有较高的阅读理解能力，而且要求以一种连贯的眼光和思路去处理这一部分的内容。短文通常200字左右，有十处语法或词汇方面的错误。主要包括：主谓一致、语态、连接词（并列句和从句）、形容词、副词（及其比较级和最高级）、非谓语动词（-ing分词，-ed分词和不定式）、代

2、词、倒装、赘述、易混淆的词等。有的错误在某一短句或句子中一眼能辨别，有的错误则必须在充分理解上下文的基础上才能识别。考生在答题前一定要认真阅读并理解短文，答题时要参考和琢磨上下文。为了能使考生较为彻底地把握识别错误和解决错误的途径，以下我从典型的错误类型归类入手，总结归纳易错的原因，再通过单句改错的形式举例分析具体的应试技巧。 一 主谓一致、名词单复数A) 解析英语中，谓语动词必须和主语保持一致，即主语的人称和数决定动词的形式，即主谓一致关系。这一错误类型在错误各类型的排列中处于首位，是因为在表达中非常常见。出现错误的原因大致有以下几种：1）主语的单复数没有搞清楚或无法确定；2）对主谓一致的原

3、则不熟练；3）主语、谓语间插入了其他成分，如定语、同位语，这些成分往往构成了干扰因素。B) 做这类的题应注意的几点：1）从形式上判断。规则名词看字形，不规则名词要熟记，单复数同形的可借助句中的其他线索，如从句或并列句中的主动词是单数还是复数。2）从含义上判断。有些集合名词既可表示单数概念，也可表示复数概念，因此谓语动词的数要根据上下文的含义来判定。要保证概念上一致。3）熟练掌握主谓一致方面的语法知识可习惯用法。如either of；neither of等词组做主语时，谓语动词应用单数。主谓一致不仅存在于主句，也从句中动词和先行词的一致。C) 1）名词前有neither，every，each，m

4、uch，little，a little等修饰语，名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数；2）主语由neithernor，eitheror，not only but also连接两个名词或代词时，要运用“就近原则”。在there be句型中，也是如此，以neither和either后面的词为依据。由or连接两个主语时，位于谓语动词的数应与or后面的词保持一致；3）as well as要运用“就远原则”；4）表示金钱、价格、距离、时间、重量的词做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；5）“名词+and+名词”结构指同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数；、由kind (form, part, piece, portion

5、, section, sort, type 等) + of +名词时，谓语动词的单复数由这些词本身的单复数决定，与后面的名词无关；6）单个-ing分词，单个不定式，that从句以及wh-从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；7）many a + 单数可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。More than one也用单数。l Two hundred pounds are too unreasonable a price for such a shabby bicycle. (is) l A large part of the laboratorys costly new equipments had been

6、 removed. (equipment)l Neither of the colors are acceptable to him. (is)l He was the only one of the candidates who were able to carry out his campaign pledges. (was) l Many a woman feel entitled to more in life than just housework. (feels)l On the other side of the issue was the English iron manufa

7、cturers who desired more iron to make into nails, tools and other iron wares. (were) l You may feel very much irritated when you buy a costly new book and find that one or more pages is missing. (are) 二 语态：（主动和被动）A) 解析：被动语态的形式较复杂。其基本构成为be + ed分词。被动语态不仅出现在谓语动词的位置上，还延伸到动词出现的一切位置上，包括动词的不定式，-ing分词和情态动词后

8、。所以考生在审视考题时，要注意以上各方面，以防疏漏。B) 错误主要归纳为三种：1）混淆了主动和被动语态；2）没有掌握被动语态的结构（各个时态的被动语态）：记住被动的基本结构，及在be上的各种时态变化；需小心除谓语动词以外的其他位置上的被动语态等；3）被动语态中过去分词的错误；4）约定俗成的习惯用法。如：“be to blame”*The crop has harvested in the fall of the year after it had been planted. (was) 在做被动语态题时，要兼顾时态、数等各因素.*The benefit of goats milk lies i

9、n the fact that it is more easily to digest by infants. (to be digested)*The female employees were made work over 16 hours everyday in that factory. (to work) 三 连接词 （并列句和从句）A) 解析：六级考试改错题型中常出现大量的并列句和复合句，因此连接词就很容易出题，而且这类错误较隐蔽，难度较大。连接词包括：并列连词、从属连词和关系词等。对于连词要注意一些并列的连词词组，要注意其搭配关系。B) 1）so that和such that都是

10、从属连词，意义一样，功能也一样，但so后面必须放形容词或副词，如加名词，则该名词必须是单数可数名词；such是修饰名词的，其后可跟可数或不可数名词，这些名词前可有修饰语；2）注意固定搭配：no sooner than, hardly (scarcely, barely) when等, 并要倒装。强调结构，It + be + 被强调部分+ that 。3）定语从句中关系代词，关系副词的用法； 4）that引导表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句时不可省略，引导宾语从句和在限制性定语从句中做宾语，可省略。5）neither，nor的区别，neither一般只做副词，不做连词，而nor都可。, nor （

11、原则：副词不能做连接词）*There is no agreement as to goals, neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. (nor)*The Smiths are so interesting people that every time we meet, we cant seem to stop talking. (such)*I dont think itll rain but Ill take an umbrella as if it does. (in case, lest免得，以防万

12、一)* It was when he was out of work when he took to drinking. (that)四 形容词和副词A) 形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的类型之一。常出的错误有：1）不能区别是哪两部分进行比较。是主语之间、宾语之间、还是时间状语之间、地点状语之间的比较。2）不可分级的形容词和副词误用了比较结构。3）比较级和最高级之间的混淆。4）两极结构之间的错误等。B) 考生应掌握：1）同一组或同一群体内，其中之一与其他成员比较时，than之后要用还有“其他”字眼的词组， 如：any other, all the others, any o

13、ne else, anything else等；2）固定搭配：有些形容词如superior, inferior, senior, junior, major, minor, prior, previous本身就含有“比较”之意，故前面不用“more”，后面不用“than”。动词prefer等比较时，不用than，而用to；另more than，less than等固定搭配。3）一般来说，of all，of the whole，of the entire等是使用最高级的标志。 4) 注意倍数的表达法：数词+times + as + 形容词的原级+ as；数词+ times +more（或其他形容

14、词的比较级）+ than； 数词+ times + that （the +名词）+ of +比较对象。l Of all the Christmas toys the boy saw in the window, the thing he wanted more was a bicycle. (most)l Everest is almost three times as high than the Matteriom, the highest mountain in Europe. (as)l No other quality is more important for a scientist

15、 to acquire as the quality to observe carefully. (than)五 非谓语动词（不定式，-ing分词，-ed分词）A) 解析：该类型出题的形式是多样的，如：使非谓语动词和谓语动词相混淆；非谓语动词本身形式不对；非谓语动词发生的时间和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序相混淆；非谓语动词的三部分相混淆等。B) 要做好这部分题，必须要牢记一些固定搭配。如哪些动词后跟不定式，哪些跟动名词，哪些又两者兼可。还要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即非谓语动词的主语是否和句子的主语保持一致，若不一致则须在非谓语动词前加上逻辑主语。还要注意平行结构。Remember, forget,

16、 regret, mean, try后加不定式或动名词的区别；介词 + which + to do的结构；连接词which, how, what, when, where, whether等 + 动词不定式做宾语。宾语补足语make sb. do sth., be made to do sth等的变化.；see / hear sb. do /doing sth.的区别等。 *A few years ago, while traveling through Italy, the idea of the history of Florentine architecture occurred to

17、him. (while he traveling) *Youre going to England next year. You should practise to speak English as much aspossible. (practise speaking)* The main purpose of the early lyceum movement was improving the school, bring about better teacher training, and establish libraries. (to improve)六 代词A) 解析：要掌握各类

18、代词：人称，物主，反身，不定代词以及代词的各种格。注意同位语从句，定语从句等从句中的关系代词的用法（与前面的连接词交叉）。代词是代替实义词或意义的，一定要弄清代词所指代的对象，不要被各种插入语干扰。每次使用代词时，一定要清楚地知道此代词指代前面何物，注意反向定位。B) 指示代词that和those指代前面刚提到的名词；this和these多指代下文要说到的东西或情况。*Numerous efforts have been made to promote the laws governing air pollution, but none has been as successful as th

19、ese devised by the state of Oregon. (those)*The speaker announced that there was a small fire and directed them nearest the door to leave first. (those)省略了who were*He is one of the rare men who are genuinely thoughtful and considerate of fellow intending to advance himself by these means. (themselve

20、s)*Students who apply for admission to British Universities are obliged to provide evidence which their education has qualified them to follow a course leading to a degree. (that)七 倒装A) 解析：倒装分为语法倒装和修饰性倒装。改错题型中更侧重语法倒装。由于倒装有规律可循，故较容易。应该记住倒装的先决条件和一些典型例子。一些带否定意义的表达式放在句首，only引导的状语放在句首，so，such等放在句首要倒装。虚拟条

21、件句中，省略if 等句子要倒装。表方位的副词如：here，there，up，down等，和介词词组in front of, in the等置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。As做连词，引导让步状语时，句子须倒装。（只把表语形容词提前） not until中不可省略not。B) Here the clown comes with whom we are familiar. (comes the clown).Were an international student work without proper papers, he would be in violation of his visa. (

22、should)The bus company started offering reduced fares to older people last year, so do one of the taxi companies. (did)Only when David did it a second time he realized his mistakes. (did he realize)八 缺漏和赘述A) 缺漏某些不可少或添加了不必要的词或短语都会造成句意不通。一般缺漏或添加的词多为介词，代词，关系词或连词。如不可出现双主语现象：即句子已有主语，不可在同一谓语前加另外的代词，（不能既用名

23、词又用具有重复意义的代词同时做主语）。另外，hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little等词本身已表否定，不能再加not等。B) Monsoon winds, sometimes masked by other features of the general atmospheric circulation, they are associated with nearly all large continental land masses. (去掉they)九 修饰词的错误A) 形容词的功能是修饰名词、做表语或宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词和分词。系动词和感官动词后

24、要接形容词。副词多以-ly结尾，但以-ly结尾的词不全是副词。B) 复合形容词中，在有连字符的情况下，名词要用单数。A-three-year-old-boy；以a-开头的的形容词一般只做表语，不做单词修饰语。如：asleep, alike, alive，awake等；区别 ：wide（张得很大）和widely（广泛地）；high（高，奢侈地）和highly（高度地，非常）；enough做形容词，修饰名词，放在其前，做副词时，修饰形容词和副词，应后置。l American children are taught to treat their pets friendly. (as friend)l

25、 He flung the door widely open. (wide)l The most high praised performances (highly)十 易混词的辨析：近义词，形近词等arise, arose, rise, raise； convention, conversion, conception, conviction; transmission, transformation, transportation, transfer, transplant; considerate; considerable; continuous, continues, consistent, constant; worth （介词）后加名词或相当于名词的词组构成介词短语, worthy（值得尊敬的，值得重视的；值得的 ，必须用在be worthy of， be worthy to do），worthwhile（值得花精力的，值得花钱的） ；doubt，suspect （doubt是怀疑某事的真实性；suspect是猜想某事的真实的，但因缺乏