初中英语阅读理解专项技巧

1、阅读理解题型猜测词义题 细节理解题 主旨归纳题 推理判断题 v阅读能力阅读能力课标要求：课标要求：v1 1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。的含义。v2 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。v3 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事清洁的发展和可能的结局，预测故事清洁的发展和可能的结局。v4 4、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息策略获取信息 123阅读技巧快速阅读短文，通读测试题。快速阅读短文，通读测试题。认真逐题

2、作答。认真逐题作答。 仔细校对所选答案。仔细校对所选答案。 有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：问词常有：what, who, which, what, who, which, where, how, whywhere, how, why 等。中考阅读理等。中考阅读理解的题解的题大部分大部分是这样的题型，答案是这样的题型，答案基本能在原文中找到，答题时需要基本能在原文中找到，答题

3、时需要注意注意关键词、关键句、关键段落关键词、关键句、关键段落。howwherewhat细节理解题 whenwhowhy细节理解题 In the book, a sailor named Captain Ahab spends a lot of time trying to find and kill enormous white whale named Moby Dick.范例范例(2014青岛中考青岛中考)【解析】选C。事实细节题。33.Moby Dick is_.A.a story written by Heman Melville B. a sailor C. the name of

4、a white whale D. a famous dinosaur _主旨归纳题 议论文和说明文议论文和说明文的主的主题句经常在开头或结尾。题句经常在开头或结尾。记叙文记叙文往往没有主题句，往往没有主题句，需要在读懂全文、体会需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上进行作者用意的基础上进行概括。概括。中考阅读理解这样的题中考阅读理解这样的题有有两至三题两至三题。 主旨归纳题 2012年青岛中考150. The main idea of this article is about_.230.What is the story mainly about?2013年青岛中考335. The passa

5、ge is mainly about _.2014年青岛中考猜测词义题 该题型考查通过该题型考查通过上下文判断词义的能上下文判断词义的能力。词义题的考查有力。词义题的考查有两种两种: 超纲词含义超纲词含义的的推断和推断和熟词生义熟词生义的推的推断。中考通常有断。中考通常有一至一至两题两题这样的题型。这样的题型。根据根据转折、因果转折、因果关系猜测词义关系猜测词义 通过通过同义词同义词和和反义词反义词的关系及构词法的关系及构词法通过通过定义定义或或释义描述关系释义描述关系来推测词义来推测词义根据根据上下文上下文的意思来猜测的意思来猜测 范例范例(2013青岛中考青岛中考) 原文：Sam was

6、a fifteen-year-old boy living with his little sister, Julie. Their parents passed away long ago. Sam had taken care of Julie by himself 考题：28.“Their parents passed away long ago” means “ Their parents _ long ago.”A. died B. went on C. left home D. passed by根据上下文的意思来猜测答案根据上下文的意思来猜测答案 一、根据上下文意思猜测词义 猜测

7、词义 _A二、通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。符号引出并加以解释说明。 The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知从例句的描述中可以得知pengu

8、in是是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。猜测词义 _三、通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。猜测词义 He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测我们不难推

9、测出出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。思。 猜测词义 _ developdevelopment，statestatement，argueargumenthappyunhappy，fairunfair，importantunimportantvisitvisitor，workworker，waitwaiter前缀前缀un-表反义词表反义词后缀后缀-ment表名词表名词后缀后缀-er、-or表名词表名词四、通过构词法猜词 猜测词义 该题型考查通过文章表层信该题型考查通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力息推测其隐含信息的能力, 要求要求学生揣摩作者的意图。虽不

10、能在学生揣摩作者的意图。虽不能在原文中找答案原文中找答案, 但有间接的暗示但有间接的暗示和线索。中考这样的题有和线索。中考这样的题有一至两一至两题，很难得分。题，很难得分。推理判断题 推理判断题 范例范例(2013中考模拟题中考模拟题) . . . A news story is not only correct, but also relevant to its readers. People are mostly interested in news that happens near to them. That is why you care more about what happen

11、s at your school than that at American schools. It is also why newspapers in Beijing dont talk about much news in Shanghai or Hong Kong. . . . 问题问题According to the writer, newspaper in Qingdao should talk about much news in .A. Qingdao B. Hong Kong C. Shanghai D. Beijing _A【解析解析】推理判断题。文章介绍好的新闻稿件应该与读

12、者生推理判断题。文章介绍好的新闻稿件应该与读者生活密切相关活密切相关, 故青岛人关心更多的应该是青岛的事。故选故青岛人关心更多的应该是青岛的事。故选A。数字推算题 范例范例(2012中考模拟题中考模拟题) There are also some traditional festivals about dragons in China. Such as Dragon Head-Raising Day and Dragon Boat Festival. We have different kinds of activities to celebrate them. These two festiv

13、als come every year, but the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years. . . . This year (2012)is the Year of the Dragon. Good luck to you! 问题问题Which of the following years is the Year of the Dragon? A. 1988 B. 1998 C. 2008 D. 2018 _ _ _【解析解析】数字推算题。根据文章倒数第二句可知数字推算题。根据文章倒数第二句可知2012年是龙年是龙年。年。12年是一个轮回

14、年是一个轮回, 可计算出可计算出1988年是龙年。年是龙年。 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started

15、to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1 She became well-known to the public after making a series

16、 of songs for the hit TV drama “The Legend of Zhenhuan” in 2012, and the mandarin version (中文版本) of “Let It Go” from Disneys “Frozen”. In July 2013, she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. She had won a lot of music awards before she was famous. Yao B

17、eina was unfortunate to be diagnosed（诊断） with breast cancer (乳腺癌) and had a successful operation in 2011. Since then, she has fought against the disease for about four years while keeping singing, but sadly she failed. She originally thought of donating all of her organs (器官) to save others lives, b

18、ut failed to do it because of her serious illness. 2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展 Shes gone, even though she had never stopped struggling with cancer. Heaven just got another beautiful angel, with her beautiful voice and kindness.（ ）1. The word “corneas” in the passage probably means_. A. 眼角膜眼角膜 B. 器官器官 C. 心

19、脏心脏 D. 肾脏肾脏（ ）2.Yao was born in a _ family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. A. doctor B. farmer C. music D. worker（ ）3. How old was Yao Beina when she she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. A. 23. B. 22. C. 32. D. 33. （ ）4. Which is TRUE about Yao Beina a

20、ccording to the passage?A. She started to play the piano at the age of 5. B. She had great voice and won a lot of awards in music.C. She was a weak and selfish girl.D. She won over the breast cancer in the end.（ ）5. Whats the passage mainly about?A. Yao Beinas family. B. Yao Beinas disease. C. Yao B

21、einas teacher. D. Yao Beinas art achievements. 2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展ACCDB【主旨大意主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了姚贝娜的生平。姚贝娜出生要介绍了姚贝娜的生平。姚贝娜出生于音乐世家，四岁学钢琴，九岁上台于音乐世家，四岁学钢琴，九岁上台表演，荣获过许多音乐奖项。表演，荣获过许多音乐奖项。2012年为年为甄嬛传甄嬛传、冰雪奇缘冰雪奇缘等影等影视剧唱主题曲；视剧唱主题曲；2013年在年在“中国好中国好声音声音” 第二季中获亚军。不幸的是，第二季中获亚军。不幸的是，她得了乳腺癌，于她得了乳腺癌，于201

22、5年年1月月16日辞日辞世。姚贝娜生前曾打算捐赠全身器官，世。姚贝娜生前曾打算捐赠全身器官，由于病情恶化，全身器官感染，最后由于病情恶化，全身器官感染，最后眼角膜捐给了两名眼疾患者。网友和眼角膜捐给了两名眼疾患者。网友和粉丝称她为粉丝称她为“有美丽歌喉的善良天有美丽歌喉的善良天使使”。 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas donated to two men who needed them, which

23、 helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Comp

24、etition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1 _猜测词义题 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on

25、 Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1细节理解题 Not only a pop

26、ular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and

27、 she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展v1推理判断题 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage