非谓语动词用法讲解与运用

1、.非谓语动词经典例题1. Some children can't afford _ necessary stationary. Let's donate our pocket money to them.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. be bought2. My parents always tell me _ more vegetables and fruit. A. eatB. eatingC. eatsD. to eat3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money _ poor

2、 young girls return to school. A. to save B. saving C. helping D. to help4. Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves5. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat.A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped6. Hey guys, Chinese way of _ the road is very dan

3、gerous. You must wait for the green lights on. Thank you for your advice, sir.A. going B. walking C. crossing D. passing7. What else should we pay attention to _ building the bridge? The change of the weather, I think.A. finishB. finished C. to finishD. finishing8. Tom, why are you in such a hurry?

4、Oh, my bike is broken, Im going to have it _.A. repairingB. repairedC. to repair 9. The WWF is working hard _ the animals in dangerAsave Bto save Csaves Dsaved 10. Sarah, youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time. A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 11. This sign is used _ tourists t

5、o stay away from the lion in the zooAto warn Bto warning Cto make Dto making 12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _ boring numbers and information.AprocessingBto processCprocessedDprocess 13. My friend invited me _ the art club, and I accepted it with plea

6、sure.A. joinB. to joinC. joined D. joining 14. Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A. helpingB. helpedC. to help D. help 15The traffic signs warn people after drinking. A. to drive B. not to drive C. driving D. dont drive【答案与解析】1. C。句意：一些孩子买不起必要的文具。让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford后跟动词

7、不定式作宾语，应选C项。2. D。句意：我父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，应选D。3. D。句意：春蕾方案是一个为帮助贫困女孩重返学校募集钱的组织。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，排除B和C；save救，挽救；help帮助，根据句意选D。4. C。本句意为：Granny经常告诉我们在日常生活中要节约用水。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故答案选C。5. B。此题意为：Tom的妈妈告诉他要停顿吃太多的肉；tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案选B。6. C。此题意为：嗨，中国式的过马路是很危险的。你必

8、须等待绿灯亮。先生，谢谢你的建议。crossing the road表示横穿马路，故答案选C。7. C。此题意为：我们完成这座桥还应该注意些什么？我想应该注意天气的变化。此题考察动词不定式，pay attention to意为“注意。to是介词，所以后面接名词以及动名词，但此题题空中，应该表示目的，所以选动词不定式，答案为C。8. B。此题意为：Tom，为什么你这么匆忙？Oh，我的自行车坏了，我要去修一下。have sth. done意为“使某事、某物被，故答案选B。 9. B。句意为：世界自然基金会正在努力去拯救濒危动物。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，应选B。 10. D。句意：Sarah，

9、跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run动词不定式；这里是介词after+动名词形式，应选D。 11. A。句意为：在动物园，这个标志被用来警告游客远离狮子。be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事，为固定用法，应选A。12. A。spend+时间+in doing sth意为“做某事花费多少时间，应选A。13. B。句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地承受了。join动词原形；to join动词不定式；joined 动词过去式；joining动名词形式。invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事，结合句意及

10、构造，故答案为B项。14. A。句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以致于他放弃了他的兼职工作。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事。结合所给选项的形式，答案为A项。15. B。句意: 交通标志警示人们不要酒后驾车。warn sb. to do sth意为“警告某人干某事；warn sb. not to do sth意为“警告某人不要干某事。【用法讲解】考试要求：非谓语动词中考考察的重点有：1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不

11、带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。1. 动词不定式1动词不定式的构成： 不定式的根本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否认形式是not+to+动词原形。2动词不定式的句法功能：功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. It is not easy for us to speak English讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to cl

12、ean the room every dayTo clean the room every day is my work我的工作就是每天清扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?He likes to play basketball他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Hav

13、e you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you表原因很抱歉，给你添费事了。I went to the library to study English表目的我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其构造为：It + be + adj. +for/of sb. +动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful It is useful to learn E

14、nglish well 学好英语很有用。 Its important for us to protect the environment保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2不定式作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hop

15、e，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day我发现每天读英语很容易。 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do.，why dont you do.，had betternot do.，would rather do，could/would/will you pleasenot do. 如：I would rat

16、her stay in the room我宁愿待在房间里。 3不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感feel、二听hear，listen to、三让let

17、，make，have、四看look at，see，watch，notice，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。 如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 假如是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about没有什么可担忧的。 5不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Th

18、e teacher is telling the students what to do 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go 他不知道去哪里。where to gowhere he should go2. 动名词1动名词构成：一般由“动词原形 + -ing构成。2动名词的句法功能：功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health吃得太多对你的安康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。

19、介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stampsCollecting stamps is his hobby他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods我们应该改进教学方法。只说明它所修饰的词的用处、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，m

20、iss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problemin，spend.in，feel like，be used to习惯于，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，cant help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词： 完成理论值得忙finish，practice，be worth，be busy 继续习惯别放弃keep on，be used to，give up 考虑建议不禁想consider，suggest，cant help，feel like 喜欢思念要介意enjoy，miss，mind3. 分词1 分

21、词的构成：分词分为如今分词和过去分词两种。如今分词的根本形式由“动词+-ing构成；过去分词的根本形式是“动词+-ed，但也有不规那么的形式。2分词的句法功能：功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?Please hand in your written exercises请交上你们的笔试练习。如今分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing

22、学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encouraging形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move这个男孩太害怕了，以致于不能动了。如今分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom我听到他正在教室里

23、唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school放学后他要去理发。如今分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语即主动关系；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语即被动关系。稳固与拓展I.单项选择。1 How about going hiking this weekend? Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _.Ato stay at home；go outBto go out；stay at homeCstaying at home；go outDgoing out；stay at home2 Could you tel

24、l me how to improve spoken English? Well, just take every chance to practice _ and dont be shy.AspeakBto speakCspeakingDspoke3. He pretended _ me when he walked by.Anot seeBnot to seeCdon't seeDto not see4Listen! There must be someone _ through the jungle.AtrekBtrekingCtrekking D. to trek5She wr

25、ites slowly so she has trouble _ notes in class.AtakenBtakingCto take D. took6My English teacher is easy _ so we all like her.Ato get along with B. get along withCto get along D. getting along with7 Peter is busy _ at school，but he never forgets _ exercise every day Aworking；doing Bworking；to do Cat

26、 work；doing8I saw a UFO _ on the square in my dream Ato drop B1and Cwear Dto fly9Toms mother asked him _ some washing after dinner Ato do Bdoes Cdo Ddid10Do you like playing the piano? Yes，but I dont know _ play it well Awhat Bhow Cwhat to Dhow to11 He made some toys _ his little son Aplease Bto ple

27、ase Cpleasing Dpleased12Teenagers should not _.Aallowed to driveBbe allow to drivingCbe allowed drivingDbe allowed to drive13Im very _ and I really need an _ vacation.Atired, excitingBtired, excitedCtiring, excitingDtiring, excited14He's very good at English. He spends most of his free time _ ne

28、w words.ArememberBrememberingCremembersDremembered15 When are you leaving for the concert? I'm not sure. I haven't finished _ the dishes.AdoBto doCdoingDdone16 Why did you buy a radio? _ English.ALearnBLearningCTo learnDBe learning17The best way to learn English is _ you _ in an English-spea

29、king environment.Alet; liveBto let; to liveCletting; livingDto let, live18The boy is often seen _ play basketball after school.AplayBto playCto playingDplayedII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Jenny saw a wallet _lieon the ground.2. The heavy snow stopped them from_goout for a walk the day before yesterday.3. Dont

30、 you hear someone _sing in the next room?4. The little girl really feels like_eateggs.5. Keep _try.You are sure to get a good result.6. Lily finished _read the book yesterday.7. Mr Lee made us _laugh8. The children should be told _not break the traffic rules.Thats right.9. He found it hard _catch up

31、 with his classmates ,because all his classmates worked very hard.10. This is the best way _work out this problem.【答案与解析】I.单项选择。1. A。考察句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.，表示“宁愿，而不愿。句子的意思是 “这个周末去远足怎么样？很抱歉，我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去。2. C。practice的意思是“练习，其后接动名词形式作宾语，不能接不定式，所以答案为C项。3. B。pretend的意思是“假装，其后接不定式作宾语，由此可以排除A和C，其否认形式为pretend not to do sth.，所以答案为B项。句子的意思是“当他走过我的身旁时，他假装没有看见我。4. C。分析句子构造可知，该空要使用如今分词作定语，trek的如今分词形式是trekking，所以答案为C项。5. B。此题考察构造have trouble doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难，答案为B项。6. A。be easy to do s