Book5Module6Grammar导学案

1、 导学案一、学习目标: Review and enable the students to use the attributive clauses. 二、学习重难点:How to master the usage of attributive clauses. 三、学习过程:、基本概念一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导词先行词成分关系代词who人主、宾whom人宾which物主、宾that人或物主、宾、表Whose + n.人或物定 (的)关系副词where (a

2、t/in/from + which)地点词状when (at/on/in + which)时间词状why (= for which)reason状、高考考点：考点一：关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，在以下几种场合只能用that： 先行词(指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定代词修饰eg: All that can be done has been done. 先行词(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰eg: This is the very book that I want to buy. 先行词兼有指人和指物的名词e

3、g: She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 先行词(指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰eg: This is the best TV that is made in China. 当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句eg: Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?考点二：有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom. He made the same

4、mistakes again , _ made his parents very angry. Yesterday I bought a dictionary, _ cost me more than 100 yuan . Mr Smith, _ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. My uncle has come back from abroad, _ I havent met for a long time.2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom. Her bag ,in _ she put all her mon

5、ey, has been stolen. This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars. Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.考点三：在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?方法1. 看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配 The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. He is the man _ whom I think you can depen

6、d . He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.方法2. 看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配 He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house. The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配 The rate _ which wild animals are

7、being destroyed has increased. This is our classroom ,_（在前面）which there is a teachers desk.考点四：名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少?1. The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women. The committee consists of 20 members , 5 of whom are women.2. The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were w

8、ritten in 1930s. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.3. I have a sentence ,and the meaning of it I dont understand. I have a sentence , the meaning of which I dont understand.考点五：如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句?1. 先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.wh

9、en ,where, why在从句中作状语, 相当于相应的介词+which2. 若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。This is the town _I spent my childhood.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.This is the reason _ I didnt come here.T

10、he reason _ she gave was not true.考点六：如何用好whose 引导的定语从句? The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. There are 20 students in this class, _ are different.A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose考点七：as 和 which 的区别知多少？1. as 作为

11、关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。此时先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, asas结构。eg: He is not such a fool as he looks.2. 用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。eg: He left her, as/ which was strange.3. as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于句

12、尾。eg: As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.4. 非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语; as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as: As is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed等eg: As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.考点八：定语从句运用中的注意点：1. 定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较： He is the only one of the

13、students who _ here just now. He is one of the students who _ here just now.2. 定语从句与并列结构。试比较： He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.3、是用when, where还是用that, which He knows much about Changning Senior High _ I am studying. He knows much ab

14、out Changning Senior High _ I am studying in. May 1 is the day _ we spent together. May 1 is the day _ I joined the army.A. that/ which B. when C. where(当先行词是表示时间地点的名词作状语时，用when, where 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.)4、是用the one还是用that , which, where. Is this school _ you study? Is this the school _ you stu

15、dy in? Is this the school _ you study? Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the one D. the one whereE. the one that / which (遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)5. where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词

16、，但也有特殊情况。如： Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. (在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别修饰point和situation, 表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。)6、定语从句与强调结构的区别 It was in this house _ he was born. It was this house _ he was born.

17、It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there(判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。) 7、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句试比较： You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop

18、 where / at which I met you.（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较： He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较： The news that he had been back

19、 surprised us all. The news (that) he told us surprised us all.8、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）： eg: Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.、选择依据：1. 弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、宾语、定语还是状语2. 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、地点、原因3. 判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有that, why不能引导非限制性从句)、高考真题练习：1. That evening, _ I will t

20、ell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 【2012全国卷II】 A. that B. whichC. whatD. when2.lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【2012安徽】 A. as B. it C. which D. this3. Sales d

21、irector is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 【2012重庆】 A. which B. that C. when D. where 4. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 【2012福建】 A. that B. it C. as D. what5. It is the third time that she has won

22、the race, _ has surprised us all. 【2012陕西】A. that B. where C. which D. what6. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. 【2012山东】A. them B. that C. which D. what7. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. 【2012湖南】 A. what B. in what C. which D. in which8. I wish to thank Professor Smith,