汉驾驶模拟技术在公路设计与优化中的应用

1、驾驶模拟技术在公路设计与优化中的应用Application of Driving Simulator inRoad Design and Optimization交通部部公路科学-交通安全工程研究中心Road Safety Research Center, Research Institute of Highway, Ministry of Transport,公路交通安全技术交通行业Laboratory of Road Safety Technology, Ministry of Transport,汉 研究员Mr. Zhang Weihan, Research Fellow目录Conten

2、ts公路设计中为什么要引入驾驶模拟技术？Why we need driving simulator in road design?驾驶模拟器的选择How to select a proper driving simulator?数据分析探讨Data processing and analysis应用案例Applications公路设计中为什么要引入驾驶模拟技术？Why we need driving simulator in road design？Why？工的想法Engineer我要解决软基、滑坡、冲刷、荷载、地下水等一系列问题I should fix all the issues, suc

3、h as soft base, landslide, rain wash, loads, underground water, etc.我只想要一条好走的路I just want a nice road驾驶人视角DriverWhy？相 对 于 道 路 用 户 ， 道 路 工对 结 构 更 加 偏 爱90%10%Engineers focus more about the road structure, which the road users care less about.Why？ABCDeep Reasons知识背景Lack of knowledgeand Skills建设缺乏Projec

4、t pressureLack of approaches设计周期短Limited design duration工期紧张Limited construction period结构性问题是影响施工期的关键因素Construction period is highlyrelevant to the structure.道路的服务功能被不同程度的忽视Neglect of road use functionl 道路工缺少驾驶行为l的相关知识背景Lack of driver behavior缺乏可靠的驾驶人理解llknowledgel 大学教育和继续教育都未提供相关培训Lack of related e

5、ducation in university and after graduatel 道路建设和管理团队以结构工为主Most of the members of the project construction and management team are structure engineers.和使用道路方式的技术与装备lLack of reliable approaches to explore drivers cognitive behaviorlWhy？交通事故集聚Accidents交通拥堵集聚Congestions平曲线设计未充分考虑驾驶人视认规律Curve design vs.

6、Cognitive illusion事故发生点Risk point可视化Road in Kinokawa Wakayama, JapanWhy?驾驶人Driver道路Road Human 理想的道路设计方案分析Desired roaddesign analysis Road Vehicle 车辆量化VehicleQutativeWhy？可视化Visualization数值Numericalsimulation驾驶模拟器的选择How to select a proper driving simulator?模拟器选择Simulator Selection什么样的模拟器能用于道路设计分析？Whic

7、h kind of driving simulator can be applied in road design?模拟器选择Simulator SelectionMAD20-30km/hMAD<10km/h用于道路设计的驾驶模拟器应进行有效性验证及模型Driving simulators which were applied in road design should be calibrated and validated.8.97km/h原始数据MAD beforecalibration2.30km/h之后MAD aftercalibration模拟器选择Simulator Sele

8、ction驾驶人座舱Vehicle cabinl 车 辆 动 力 学 不 可 或 缺 Vehicle dynamics simulator is necessaryl 使 用 力 反 馈 方 向 盘 Force feedback steering wheell 最 好 拥 有 度Better with motion platforml 经 过 标 定 ， 模 型 车辆动力学Vehicle dynamics simulatorShould be calibrated and validated驾驶模拟器Driving Simulator交通流Traffic flow道路虚拟现实VR模拟器选择Si

9、mulator Selection模拟器选择实验中的驾驶模拟器RIOH 8 DOF Driving SimulatorSimulator Selectionoutsideinside驾驶模拟数据分析探讨Data processing and analysisMissing Traffic SignsBasic method最简单的方法利用你的眼睛Use youreyes消失的交通标志- 隧道洞口阳光直射Direct sunlight in tunnel exiteast tunnel exit东洞口西洞口west tunnel exit3月 1日2月 1日1月 1日12月 1日8月 1日7月

10、1日6月 1日5月 1日数据分析Data analysis指 标 继 承 运 行 速 度 等 常 规 使 用 的 指 标数据分析Data analysisOperation speed evaluation运行速度（KM/H)运行速度（KM/H）13012011010090807060K28+000K23+000K18+000K13+000K8+000K3+000桩号小客车测算值大货车测算值13012011010090807060K3+000K8+000K13+000K18+000K23+000K28+000桩号小客车测算值大货车测算值数据分析Data analysis精细化分析 驾驶人分群D

11、river classificationl 验 证 被 试 驾 驶 人 的 代表 性Divide drivers into different groupsl 不 同 驾 驶 人 群 体 的 安全 特 性Analyze the characteristicsof different driver groupl 剔 除 数 据 异 常 驾 驶 人数 据Identify the extremely abnormaldriving data数据分析Data analysis 异常驾驶行为识别分析Abnormal driver behavior detectionl 驾驶行为内在的固有的关联模式Pot

12、ential patterns between different driver behavior indexes, e.g. speed selection and accelerationl 每个驾驶人有个性化的评价标准Different criterion for different driverl 利用数据挖掘提取异常驾驶行为Use data mining approachesn 异常、行为nAbnormal acceleration or deceleration behaviorAbnormal steering behaviorn 异常转向行为nn 车辆异常横向nAbnormal

13、 lateral movingn 驾驶人的异常操作nOther abnormal actions工程应用案例ApplicationsRoad alignment几何设计分析异 常 驾 驶 行 为 识 别Abnormal driverbehavior detectionl 路段上游为大半径平曲线+4km长直线Curve with large radius, and followed by a 4 km long straight linel 因此该路段近似于长直线接小半径路段Similar to the long straight line with smallradius curve路段两处平

14、曲线，R=1700mlTwo curves, R=1700m较小平曲线半径对驾驶人驾驶车l辆影响l 路段为一处半径为5250米的平曲线但是恰好位于隧道口路段Curve with 5250 m radius, and near theentrance of the tunnelDrivers were affected by small radiuscurve.案例： 连续纵坡下坡工况Series downhill grade连续下坡 制动器热严重的交通安全问题Brake heat fadingSerious risk for commercial vehicles连续纵坡Downhill gr

15、ade+ 车辆动力学+ 有限元驾驶模拟Driving simulator + Vehicle dynamic simulation + FEA有限元热力学FEA车辆动力学Trucksim连续纵坡Downhill grade+ 车辆动力学+ 有限元驾驶模拟Driving simulator + Vehicle dynamic simulation + FEA7档下坡8档下坡10档下坡下坡速度Speed制动缸压强Wheel cylinderpressures47520连续纵坡Downhill grade案例： 路面积水、 结冰Ice road冰雪路面Road surface前轴Front axle后轴Rear axle低摩擦系数路面轮速差异Wheel speed difference on low coefficient of friction surface案例： 加宽Widen the road横断面加宽Cross