定语从句北京四中

1、北京四中【语法一点通】定语从句when, where,定语从句在句中做定语，由关系代词或关系副词引出。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联 系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常放在先 行词之后， 引导定语从句的关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。引导定语从句的关系副词有： why 等。（一）关系代词引导的定语从句： 关系代词所代替的先行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1. 关系代词

2、 who, whom, that 引导的定语从句 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语。eg. Is he the man who/ that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（ who/that 在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（ whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2. 关系代词 whose 引导的定语从句whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换。eg. They rushed over to help t

3、he man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose cover is green./ Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3. 关系代词 which, that 引导的定语从句关系代词 which, that 所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。eg. A prosperity which/that had never been before appears in t

4、he countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（ which/that 在句中作主语） The package（ which/that ） you are carrying is blue.你拿的包是蓝色的。（ which/that 在句中作宾语）注意：口语中，作动词宾语或介词宾语（这时介词不可在关系代词前）的关系代词常可省略。eg. Have you found the book （ that） you want? 你找到你想要的书了吗？（ that 可以省略） This is the man （ whom ） we have talked about. 这就是我们谈论的那个人。

5、（ whom 可以省略） 但要注意 This is the man about whom we talked. 中的 whom 不可省略。（二）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词 which ”结构，因此常常和“介词 which ”结构交替使用。 eg. Beijing is the place where/in which I was born. 是我的出生地。Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer?这就是他

6、拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？（三）关系代词与关系副词的辨析 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词； 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。eg. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：误 This is the mountain village where I visited last year.这就

7、是去年我参观过的山村。误 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的那些日子。正This is the mountain village （which ） I visited last year.正Ill never forget the days （ which ） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总是表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, which 联系在一起， 此两题就错在关系词的误用上。 关系代 词代替 village 等在定语从句中作宾语，用

8、that 也可以。 where 一般用作状语，在这里 visit 和 spentd 是及物动词，所 以这里不用 where。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。例 1：Is this museum you visited a few days ago?A. where B. when C. on whichD. the one例 2：Is this the museumthe exhibition was held?A. where B. thatC. on which D. the one答案： 1. D 2. A分析：例 1变为

9、肯定句为： This museum isyou visited a few days ago. 例 2变为肯定句为： This is themuseum the exhibition was held.在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语， 而 where, when, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用， 只有 the one 既做了主句的表语， 又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句 2 中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的定语，而要填的关系副词是从句的状语，表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，也可用介词 in + which作为地点状语。而选项C中

10、，介词on用得不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在于它在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、 定、宾语时， 选择关系代词 （ who, whose,whom, that, which ）;先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（ where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状 语）。（四）介词关系词的情况1. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。2. that, who 前不能有介词。3. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系词”结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。eg. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

11、 (= This is the house where I lived two years ago.) 这是我两年前 住过的房子。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? (= Do you remember the day when you joined our club? )还 记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(五) 学习定语从句应注意的几个问题1. 关系代词只使用that，不使用which的情况： 先行词是指物的不定代词，如 all, much, little, everything, nothing 等时：Thats a

12、ll that I have seen and heard. 那就是我的全部见闻。 指物的先行词被不定代词 all, few, little, much, very, some, no 等修饰，或被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时：This is the very dictionary that is of great help. 那正是那本极有用的字典。 先行词既指人又指物时：My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and persons that they

13、could remember. 我父亲和他的老师谈了很多他们记得的人和事。 关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时：Our school is not the one that is used to be. 我们学校不再是从前的那所学校。 指物的先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰：This is the best English film that I have ever seen. 这是我曾看到过的最好的英语电影。 主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心语是指人或物时：Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? 树下站的女孩是谁？

14、Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上个礼拜天用的那台机器呢？2. 关系代词不宜用that的情况： 关系代词前有介词时：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. 这是鲁迅住过的房间。 非限制性定语从句中：He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. 他有一个女儿，她在医院工作。 先行词本身就是 that：The cook is that which tells the time. 钟表是告知时间的。3. 定语从句中主谓一致问题： 当关系代词在定语从句中作

15、主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. 汤姆是来自美国的众多男孩中的一个。 Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. 汤姆是唯一一个从美国来的男孩。4. 定语从句中动词时态问题： 定语从句可根据表达需要选用相应时态。Where is the student whom I met just now? 我刚才遇到的那位学生在哪里？ Where is the student whom I will visit soon? 我将要拜访的学生在哪里？ Where is th

16、e student who is on duty today? 今天值日的学生在哪里？语法练习：一、选择题1. The place interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. whichB. where C. whatD. in which2. Do you know the man?A. whom I spokeB. to who spoke C. I spoke toD. that I spoke3. This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they staye

17、dC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. whoseC. when D. on which5. This is the day Ill never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in which D. when6. The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whic

18、hD. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. abo

19、ut which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in which C. on whichD. by which二、用定语从句的引导词 that, who, whom, whose, where, when 或 which 填空。1. This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980.2. The hospital was built f

20、ive years ago has been modernized.3. This is the boy father died three years ago.4. The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5. Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?答案：10.A一、 1. A2. C 3. D 4. C5. A6. C7. A 8. A 9. A1. who/that 2. which/that3. whose 4. which/that 5.

21、who/that北京四中同步训练I .选择题1. Dont en courageby doing things for him.A. him be lazyB. him to being lazy C. his laz in essD. him beco ming lazy2. The furn iture looks won derfulB. except forA. exceptit is made by a small compa ny.C. besidesD. except that3. The furn iture looks won derfulits color. Do you

22、have any other choice in yourshop?A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besidesits color. I will take it.4. The furn iture looks won derfulA. exceptB. except forC. besidesD. except thata suitcase in his hand.5. He rushed out of the bankA. forB. byC. withD. as6. He bought a vasefamous pictures on it

23、 for 200 Yuan.A. withB. aboutC. hasD. have7. The stude nt bega n his speechA. forB. witha poem.C. asD. before,he had to know someth ing about howA. paint paints B. paints paint C. paintings paint D. paint paintings8. Before he lear ned how toare mixed.the door aga in, because theon it had bee n scra

24、tched.A. paint paint B. paints paints C. pain ted paintsD. pain ted paint9. He10. We had severalon the way up to the top of the mountain. Actually we had to stop to_ from time to time because we had a girl in the group.A. rests rests B. rest rests C. rests restD. restrest11. They areabout their jour

25、ney to the West, and they have had severalA. discussion discussionsB. discussing discussesD. discussi on s discussi onabout it.C. discuss ing discussi ons12.1 cantthe word for “ sky” in Spanish.A. thi nk overB. thi nk aboutC.thi nkofD.thi nk13. I willyour pla n and give you an an swer tomorrow.A. th

26、i nk overB. thi nk aboutC.thi nkofD. thi nkn.完形填空If you are 1en terta inmen t, liste n 2music quietly! Music has become 3importa nt part of our lives.4people like differe nt kinds of 5. For me, I like rock music 6its so excit ing. My7band Zero is one of 8bands in Chin a. I also like pop music. My fr

27、iend Lily likes music9she can dance to. But I think that kind of music is 10loud. Zhang Min likes music11has great lyrics. Of course, he does well 12Chin ese, especially in writi ng.Adults think differe ntly. My mother 13gen tle music 14en ergetic music. She thinksits peaceful to hear.How about you?

28、 What 15of music do you like best?1. A. look forB. looking forC. findD. finding2. A. toB. /C. onD. for3. A. aB. oneC. anD. /4. A. Differe ntB. Differe neeC. SameD. Similar5. A. musicia nB. musicC. musicsD. musicia ns6. A. becauseB. because ofC. so thatD. that7. A. best likeB. like bestC. favoriteD.f

29、avoritest8. A. famousB. most famousC. the most famousD. more famous9. A. thatB. in thatC. by whichD. whom10. A. too muchB. much tooC. too manyD. many too11. A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which12. A. inB. onC. atD. for13. A. preferB. prefersC. likeD. likes14. A. thanB. toC. better than toD. more to15. A. k

30、indB. kin dsC. /D. about川阅读理解Once upon a time, there was a king who raised many excellent war-horses. Later, there were few wars. The king thought : for what use did I raise （饲养）these horses? Then he ordered, Let those war-horses pull mills （磨）for men. ”Several years passed, the neighboring country

31、came to invade（侵犯）the country again. So the king ordered to return those war-hoses and let them go to fron tier （前线）.But these horses could only walk around in the same place. They did nt go forward any more. Then the king knew that war-horses should nt be allowed to pull mills. Thats the reason why

32、 his country was beaten at last.As the story suggests, every one should n ever let his or her minds stop. Keep thinking, keep study ing, keep doing everythi ng one wants to do, and life will be a great success for every one in the world!1. Why did the king raise horses at first?A. To pull mills for

33、men.B. For war use.C. For play ing.D. To ride on.2. Who came to in vade the country several years later?A. America. B. The horses. C. The n eighbori ng coun try.D. Itself.3. What did the king realize at last?A. He should nt raise so many horses.B. He should raise more horses.C. The n eighbor would i

34、n vade his country aga in.D. He should nt let the war-horses pull mills for men.4. Who was the winner of the final war?A. The n eighbori ng coun try.B. The Kin gs coun try.C. We dont know.D. America.5. According to the article, what should we know?A. We should keep our minds work ing.B. We should ke

35、ep thinking.C. We should keep study ing.D. We should keep doing everyth ing we want to do.IV .句型转换1.1 like singers who write their own music. （对画线部分提问）sin gers do you like?2.1 would rather liste n to music tha n watch TV.（改为同义句）Iliste n to musicwatch TV.3. Thats the tree; we engraved our names on it

36、 3 years ago.（改为定语从句）Thats the treewe en graved our n ames on 3 years ago.4. The photos of people are more successful than the photos of cities.（改为同义句）The photos of cities areof people.5. There used to be much to see and do there,?（完成反意疑问句）V .补全对话A: What 12food do you prefer, Tony?B: I like to eat f

37、ood 3well cooked, 45its a bit burnt.A: Dont you know that 6food can 7the risk of cancer?B: Really? Terrible!A: If I 8you, Id eat nuts in stead of burnt food. Vegetables are also good 9us. Weshould keep a bala nee of diet.B: Thank you for your advice. Ill eat a 10diet from now on.W .作文记得有一首歌曲里唱到：“我想唱

38、歌又不敢唱，小声哼哼却又东西望，老师妈妈您不要生气，生活原本就是这个样。”是啊，初三了，老师和家长都希望自己把精力放在学习 上。什么网络啊、朋友啊、聚会啊等等都要统统抛开。对此你有何感想？给老师或家长写封信，谈谈自己应该被允许和不被允许做的事情，并说明理由。参考答案：I .选择题1. C his lazi ness是名词做宾语，意思是别为他做事情助长了他的懒惰。如选择项中有 him to become lazy，亦可。2. D 因为横线后面是一个句子，所以正确选项为D.3. B句意为：家具看起来不错，但颜色不怎么样。店里还有其它选择吗？颜色是家具 的一个部分。4. B 句意为：家具看起来不错，

39、颜色也很好，我买了。5. C with a suitcase in his ha nd 作伴随状语。6. A with famous pictures on it 作定语。7. B 句意是那个学生用一首诗开始了他的演讲。8. A 第一个paint是动词，第二个是各种颜色的颜料，用复数。2）答案是9. D 第一个是动词，根据下文用过去时，第二个paint是名词，指门上的油漆，不可数。10. C 句意是我们在登顶路上休息了几次，事实上由于组里有位女队员，我们不得不 时常停下来休息。11. C discuss是动词，discussion是名词。句意是他们正在讨论西行的路程，而且已经 讨论了几次了。1

40、2. C 句意是我想不起来西班牙文中“天空”的单词。13. B句意是我会考虑你的计划明天给你答复。n .完形填空1. B 寻找娱乐用动词词组look for; find强调结果，前有are,故有进行时，选 B。2. A “听音乐” liste n to music.3. C important以元音音素开头，故用an. one太过强调数量。4. A 句意为“不同的人喜欢不同的音乐”。5. B 据上下文可知。music为不可数名词。6. A 由句意知“its so exciti ng ”是原因。because后接句子，而 because of后接短语。7. C 形容词“最喜欢的”，用 favor

41、ite.8. C one of the most famous ban ds “最出名的乐队之一”。最高级前加定冠词the.9. A 定语从句中缺少介词 on的宾语，只有that合适。10. B too much太多”，后接不可数名词；much to太”，后接形容词或副词；too many后接可数名词的复数，没有D项的用法，由句意及loud知选B。11. D 定语从句中缺少主语，先行词是music，引导词只能用that或which.12. A do well in “在方面做得好”。13. B prefer A to B “A与B相比更喜欢 A”；主语为单数第三人称形式。14. B prefe

42、r A to B是固定结构。15. A what kind of music “哪一种音乐”。川.阅读理解1. B 从文中的第一句话可知：这个国王养了很多优秀的战马。war战争”，war-horse“战马”。2. C根据第二段第一句话可知答案为C。3. D 根据第二段末尾 Then the king knew that war-horses，可知答案为 D。4. A 根据第二段最后一句“ why his country was beaten at last ”可知答案为 A。5. A 从第三段 As the story suggests, every one should n ever let his or h