英译汉 Introduction to E-C Translation

1、A General Introduction to English-Chinese Translation英译汉An Overview of This Coursew1. Introduction: definition, classification, process, criteria, etc.w2. Contrastive studies of English and Chinesew3. Translation skills for E-C in term one, and for C-E in term twoOutlineDefinition of translation1Cla

2、ssification of translation2Criteria of translation3Prerequisites for a Translator 4Definition of TranslationwDiscuss what in your eyes is translationwIn the light of popular orientation (in dictionaries and encyclopedias), translation is to express (sth spoken or esp written) in another language or

3、in simple wordsw -Hornby, A.S.OALECD 4th ed. 2000wto put (a word, text or language) into another language retaining the sense/putting in different words of the same language, esp in order to make clearnerw -Watson, Owen. Longman Modern English Dictionary. 1976w把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。 辞海1980w把一种语言文字的

4、意义用另一种语言文字表达出来（也指方言与民族共同语言、方言与方言、古代语与现代语之间一种用另一种表达）；把代表语言文字的符号或数码用语言文字表达出来: 外国小说/把密码 出来。做翻译工作的人：他当过三年 。 中国科学院语言研究所词典编辑室现代汉语辞典（修订本）2000wIn the light of linguistic orientationwTranslating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, fi

5、rst in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. -Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber, 1982 w所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是文体上。1.Reproduce the message2.Closest natural equivalentmeaningStylewTranslation may be defined as follows: The replacement of textual material in one languag

6、e (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). w -Catford, 1965: 20wDefinition given by Prof. Sun: w翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。Classification of Translationw1)By language involved in translation, translation: translation from the native language

7、 into the foreign language or visa versa.w2)By signs involved in it, translation: intralingual translation (within the same language)语内翻译, interlingual translation (different languages)语际翻译, and intersemiotic translation符际翻译.wIntersemiotic translation is also called transmutation, that is, interpret

8、ation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems.w3)By medium used in it, translation: translation笔译, interpretation口译 (consecutive交替传译, simultaneous同声传译) and machine translation 机器翻译(computer-aided translation CAT)w4)By genres, translation: literary translation and non-literary tra

9、nslation.文学翻译，非文学翻译w5)By modes, translation: complete translation全译, selected translation摘译 and edition-translation编译.Criteria of Translationw案本（即按照原文的本意） 释道安（314-385），buddhism translatorw佛教翻译三大家：玄奘(Xu Zang)、鸠摩罗什(Kumarajiva) 、真谛(Paramartha)w译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉 故信达而外，求其尔雅。 严复，1898w

10、faithfulness, expressiveness and elegancew以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。 傅雷，1951wAs far as the effect is concerned, translation should be like copying a painting. What is desired is not being alike in appearance but being alike in spirit.w忠实、通顺faithfulness and smoothnessw 鲁迅w化境-sublimationw the transm

11、igration of souls “Although the body changes, the soul of gesture remains its old self” 钱钟书w1.That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2.That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 3. That the Transl

12、ation should have all the ease of original composition. -Alexander F. Tytlerw 一、译作应完全复写出原作的思想；二、译作的风格和手法和原作属于同一性质；三、译作应具备原作的通顺。 wEquivalence, Linguistic approaches to translation from 1950 onward, J.C. Catford, A.V. Federov, E.A. NidawBasic criteria for the beginnerwfaithfulness, smoothness 忠实，通顺w1)

13、 faithfulmeaning and stylew健康专家（某生殖医院广告）wHealthy expert or Health expertwThe commuter dies with tremendous mileage to his creditw上班族的人死去的时候有跨越千山万水的辉煌记录w上班族一生中行程惊人。wI was with my father on a business-and-pleasure trip(R. Zacks: “The Date Father Didnt Keep”)w 我和父亲这次旅行，既为了公事公事，也为了游乐w我和父亲这次旅行，既是出差出差，也是游

14、玩wSize dont matter, chopping woodw说到劈柴，个头并不重要w个头没啥关系，劈柴嘛w2）通顺wRubber is not hard; it gives way to pressure.wVersion 1: 橡胶不硬，屈服于压力。wVersion 2: 橡胶性软，受压会变形。wFrom there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and sight of it filled me with longing.w从那里，我可以看见下面的整个山谷，那田野、河流和村庄。这一切非常美丽，见到后使我心里充满了渴望。w从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。Prerequisites for a Translator p.13-14w1. Good English Proficiency w2. Good Chinese Proficiencyw3. Be Encyclopedic