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1、 动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是todo;其否定形式是not todo。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks o
2、n other people It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is adj(形容词)to do sth或 It is n(名词)to do sth句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2作宾语 awant,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor blove,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动
3、词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 cstop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the
4、students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text
5、点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3作宾语补足语 atell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus Edison's mother taught him to read and write blet,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The
6、 boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 4作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律:动词
7、不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with? 5表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词
8、前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6作状语 a目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。如: I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等词后面。如: I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enoug
9、h to hold 1000 people 7与what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。 如: I don't know what to do next(宾语) He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语) It's still a question how to get there(主语) 【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟) 一. 选择填空: 1. He asked me _
10、here earlier. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came 2. Please tell him _
11、on the wall. A. dont draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea.
12、 A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. Id like _ a word with you. A. had
13、; B. having C. to have D. have 5. I came here _ my uncle. A. saw
14、160; B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen 6. The man refused (拒绝)_ back his words. A. to take
15、 B. taking C. took D. takes 7. I can let you _ one ticket. A. to have
16、60; B. have C. having D. had 8. We often heard him _ in his room. A. to sing
17、160; B. sings C. sang D. sing 9. He was made _ day and night. A. work B. working
18、0; C. to work D. worked 10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing. A. having B. to have
19、0; C. have D. had 11. My father was too angry _ a word. A. to say B. not to say
20、; C. to saying D. didnt say 12. My brother was old enough _ to school. A. went B. goes
21、0; C. going D. to go 13. It is time _ him _ supper. A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having
22、 D. for, to has 14. Its very kind _ you _ me. A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help
23、160; D. of, helping 15. Its important _ our classroom clean every day. A. kept B. to keep C. to give
24、160; D. keep 16. Before liberation (解放)they had no chance _ to school. A. went B. go
25、 C. to go D. to be gone 17. He said he had an important meeting _. A. attend B. would attend
26、0; C. attending D. to attend 18. Please give me a piece of paper _. A. to write B. to write on
27、160; C. writing D. to write it 19. I dont know _. A. what do B. what will do
28、160; C. what to do D. do what 20. Your radio needs _. A. to be repaired B. to repair &
29、#160; C. repaired D. to repairing 21. My wish is _ a teacher. A. becoming B. to become
30、0; C. become D. became 22. I want _ him a letter now. A. to write B. not write
31、 C. write D. wrote 23. It took us three days _ the trees. A. plant B. planted &
32、#160; C. to plant D. plants 24. Why not _ here _ me? A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing
33、; D. come, see 25. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English. A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D. do, work
34、60; 26. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her. A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tell C. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling
35、; 27. How happy they are _ each other again! A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen
36、160; 28. They decided (决心)_ a letter _ their thanks. A. to write, expressing(表达) B. writing, express C. write, expressed D. to write, to express 29. The officer ordered (命令)him _ down _ a rest.
37、; A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had 30. The headmaster called on (号召)us _ hard for our country. A. to work
38、60; B. worked C. work D. to working 二. 根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.
39、; He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a
40、letter _ _. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. (石头) He was stro
41、ng _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ t
42、here in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw h
43、im go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?
44、 Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13.We dont know what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. 14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _
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