小学英语名词讲解及练习.

1、小学英语名词讲解及练习一、名词的概念：名词时某个人或物的名称，或是某类人或物的抽象名称。如： studentdeskchairwatermilk二、名词的分类：名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词 两大类。名词在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。1普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类：个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student（学生）、 pen（钢笔）、bird （鸟）等。B 集体名词 : （即集合名词） 表示由个体组成的集合体。如： people（人民）、police（警察）、 family （家庭）等C物质名词 : 表

2、示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如：water（水）、 air （空气）、 wood（木头）等。D 抽象名词: 表示动作、 状态、 品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如： work（工作）、peace（和平）、 love（爱）等。2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如： Churchill （丘吉尔）、Tokyo （东京）、China （中国）等。三、可数名词和不可数名词。1、可数名词 :一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。例如 : a boo

3、k, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families 。名词单数变复数变化如下：1词尾直接加S 如： cat cats bag bags day days2以S, SH, CH, X结尾的词加es 如： class classes match matches box- boxesdish - dishes3以辅音加y 结尾的词变y 为i,加es.元音加y 结尾的词直接加s,如 : party-partiescity-citiesstory-storiesboy- toysmonkey- monkeyskey- keys

4、等 .4以f 或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v,加es,如: wife - wiveshalf- halves注意特殊情况直接加“S”，要逐个记chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.5以辅音加o 结尾的词常有生命 的一般加es如 : tomatoes, potatoes, heroes.无生命 的一般加s.如 :radios, zoos, pianos,photos名词的复数并不规则变化：单复数同形：sheep -sheepfish-fishdeer -deerpeople -people特殊变化：man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-ge

5、ese,foot-feet,child-children,mouse-mice2、不可数名词不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等 )及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式词。如： a bottle of water,two cups of tea,three pieces of paper)其结构是数词+量词 +of+ 名注意事项：1不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用A ，AN ，但可用THE ，或不用冠词，如： brea

6、d is the usual breakfast.2虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。如： three cups of coffee, five bottles of water3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如： ten bags of rice- ten baskets of eggs名词所有格一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格1.单数名词词尾加 s， 复数名词如果词尾没有s，也要加 s。the boy's bag男孩的书包Mike's knife迈克的刀子the children's room孩子们的房间men'

7、s room男厕所2.若名词已有复数词尾s，只加the students' bags学生们的书包the teachers' reading-room教师阅览室3.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's。如表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加's。如：This is Tom and Jason's room.这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。These are Tom's and Jason's rooms.这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。二、 .表示无生命物的名词所有格1、如果名词是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of + 名词的结构来表示所有

8、关系。the windows of the house房间的窗户the title of the song歌的名字the picture of the family家庭照片2、在表示名词所有格时，'s 结构可以转换成of 结构。the girl's namethe name of the girl女孩的名字my father's friendthe friend of my father's我父亲的朋友3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's 来构成所有格。Beijing's street北京的街道today'

9、s newspaper今天的报纸ten minutes' walk十分钟的路程名词练习一圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peachinkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifesnowiceteaorangefridgejeeprainwind carteachermusicearcolawatermeloncherry一.写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch_2.class_3.shelf_4.dog_5.dish_6.child_7.nurse_8.desk_9.boy_10.baby_11.tooth_12.eye_13.sheep_14.tomato_15.library_

10、16.goose_17.photo_18.telephone_二 . 填入所给名词的适当形式1. We have three_(pen).2. This is an _(apple).3. Where is the_(pencil)?4. There is a little _ in the bottle(juice).5.Are you a _(driver)?Yes, I am.6. There are a few _(watch)on the desk.7. Many_(shelf)are in our school library.8. He has some_(ink).9. The

11、_(girl)in red is Mary.10. How many_(people)are there in your family?Three.三.单项选择题()1.There is _on the table.A.PlateB. a plate)2.I can see many _in the garden.A. flowersB. a flower)3.The_on the hills are all white.A. sheepB. sheepsC. platesC. flowersC. dog()4.These new_are for you.A. skirtB. shoeC. s

12、hirts()5.The clock has three_A. legsB. legC. faces()6.They are not in the same_.A. classB. classesC. familys()7.Is this your_?A. a keyB. keysC. key()8.They are having_.A. a classB. English classC. Chinese class()9.There are so many _in the hall.A. peoplesB. peopleC. a people()10.The_has some nice pi

13、ctures.A. boysB. teachersC. child()11.The_are dancing at the party.A. womanB. womenC. man()12.The _are in Room408.A. studentB. a studentC. students()13.Who s that_?Shes my mother.A. manB. womanC. women()14.The_are catching the thief.A. policemanB. policemenC. policemans()15.There are new _in my scho

14、olbag.A.knifeB.knifesC.knives()16._jacket is it?May be it s_.A. Who s; Toms B. What; Tom sC. Whose; Toms()17.The books are the_.A. teachersB. teachersC. teacher()18.There are a lot of children in the park on_ Day.A. childrenB. Children sC. Childrens ()19.Is it the twins bedroom? Yes, it is.It s_ bed

15、room.A. Ann and Anna sB. Ann s and AnnasC. Ann and Anna()20.That is _dog.A. Tom sB. TomsC. Tom()21._coats are very pretty.A. Jim and Tim sB. Jim s and Tim sC. Jim and Tim()22.They are going to their _home for dinner.A. unclesB. uncleC. uncle s()23.The big room is_.A. the twin sB. twins C. the twins

16、()24.March 8 th is_.A. Woman s DayB. WomansDayC. Womens Day四. 英汉互译1.一位美国医生 _2.许多绵羊 _3.不同的季节 _4.一杯牛奶 _5.四辆公共汽车_6.集邮 _7.十颗香蕉树_8.几只绵羊 _9.三名警察 _10.几片叶子 _五. 阅读理解Look at the picture on the wall. Its a picture of Mr. Greens family. The old man is JimGreen. He is Mr. Green s father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. Theyhave two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff.Jeff s parents love them all very much.()1.The old man is Lucy and Lily s_.A. fatherB. cousinC. uncleD. grandfather(