北师大版高中英语必修四Unit10Money-语法篇

1、第1页Unit 10 Money语法篇1、不定代词。2、不定式。一，不定代词1.some/any/no1some, any 作一些，某个”讲，表示不确定的或未知的数量数目，可用在可数名词和不可数名词前。some 通常用于肯定陈述句中，any 用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例： She picked some flowers from the garden.Do you have any money with you?2some 可用在表示邀请或请求的句子中，表示希望对方给予肯定回答。例： May I ask you some questions?3any 用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一个）

2、的” 。例： You may come at any time.4no=not a/not any,作定语，后跟可数名词或不可数名词。例： I have no choice.2.A lot of/lots of/plenty of/many/much1a lot of, lots of, plenty of 意为“许多，大量的”，可用于可数名词复数和不可数名词前。例： A lot of people say that they live for no purpose.You need to wear lots of warm clothes.There is plenty of time.2m

3、any 后跟可数名词复数，much 后跟不可数名词。例： He speaks some Chinese, but not much.How many people are there in the room?3.all/none; both/neither; either1all 指三个或三个以上的人或事物，both 指两个人或物，在句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，同位语或定语。例： We are all students.All of us should work hard.2both 和 all 都可直接修饰名词。名词前有限定词时，其前只能用both of 或 all of。例： Both o

4、f brothers are clever.3neither 意为“（两者）都不” ；none 意为“没有人,一个也没有” ；either 表示“两者之一”或“者中的）任何一个”，用于单数名词，of+宾格人称代词或带限定词的复数名词前，作主语，宾语或 定语。第2页例： Neither of us is a doctor.None of the books are helpful.Here are two brushes. Use either.4.Another/other/the other/the others1another 表示三者或三者以上中的另一个，意思是“再一，又一”。一般接可数

5、名词单数。例： Lucy, would you like another cake?2other 泛指其他的，另外的”，可接复数名词；复数形式others 表示另一些”，相当于 other+名词。例： Do you have any other questions?Some are carrying water, others are watering the tree.3the other 指两者中的另一个”，常与 one 连用，构成 onethe other 结构；the others 特制一定范 围内的“其余的人或物” 。例： Mr. and Mrs. Shute have two ch

6、ildren. One is a daughter, and the other is a son.I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.二，不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to+动词原形”，其中 to 是动词不定时的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。不定式具有动词的特征，可和后面的名词等构成不定式短语；不定式 具有名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语，补足语，定语，状语。1.不定式作主语：1不定式作主语，表示特指的一次性动作。To say is one thing

7、; to do is another.2为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语一动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。It is not easy to learn English well.2.不定式作宾语：1英语中 agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan,prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等动词后需接不定式作宾语。The government decided t

8、o rebuild the damage bridge.2decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等动词后常接“疑问词 +不定式”作宾语。The driver wondered how to start the car in such a cold morning.3.不定式作表语1不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。第3页My wish is to join the army after gradua

9、tion.2如果主语是不定式，表示条件，表语也应用不定式，表示结果。To see is to believe.3如果主语的中心词是 aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, wish 等，或是以 wish 引导 的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其作补充说明。His job is to feed animals.4.不定式作宾语补足语：英语中 advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, order, permit, persuade, require,

10、 teach,tell, want, wish, warn 等动词后常接不定式作宾语补足语，且不定式符号 to 不能省略。 She asked me toaccompany her to the airport.不定式在动词 let, make, feel, hear, see, observe 等后作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 需省略。 The accidentmade us realize that safety can t be ignored.3动词 help 接动词不定式作宾语不足语时，不定式符号 to 可省略也可不省略。After the dinner he helped hi

11、s mother (to) wash up the dishes.5.不定式作定语： 不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。1主谓关系，被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。We need some people to help pick apples.2动宾关系，被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。I have many things to do. 同位关系，不定式是对其所修饰的名词作解释说明。We ve made a plan to spend the weekend.6.不定式作状语： 不定式作状语，可表示动作的目的，结果，原因，条件和方式。1to do,

12、in order to do, so as to do 都可表示目的，但 to do, in order to do 的位置既可在句首，又可在句 末；而 so as to do 只能放在句末。I left home at seven so as to/in order to be there on time.2表结果，不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定时的动作一般在句子末尾。表示终结性的动词 find, see, hear, learn, discover 的不定式， 常表示出乎意料的结果， 并且不定式前 常有never, only 等副词修饰。He arrived in New Or

13、leans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.在“ so + adj./adv. +as + to do ”中。The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year.在adj./adv. + enough + to do”中。He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei.在“ too + adj./adv. (for sb.) + t

14、o do 中。 ”第4页It s too much for me to absorb all at once.第5页3表原因，不定式常在形容词afraid, glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, surprised, excited等后面说明主语的某种心情，情感所产生的原因。They are very glad to set foot on their homeland.例 1. They dont come to the book club any more, for _reasons for others.A. someB. allC. eitherD.

15、 both解析：句意：因为这样或那样的原因，他们不再来图书俱乐部了。some 在此意为“某些，某种”。答案： A 。例 2. Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other解析：句意：除非我们能消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们两个人都不愿意和对方讲话。此题考查代 词用法。 others 没有范围，指别人； another 没有范围，指另一个； the other 指两者中的另一方，根 据关键词

16、neither （两者都不）可以推断出应用the other。答案： B。例 3. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversation.A. usingB. to useC. having usedD. used解析：句意：在有些语言中， 100 个词就占了日常对话的50,。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。use 和 words 是逻辑上的被动关系，而四个选项中只有D 项表示被动，即可推断出正确答案。答案： D。例 4. The engine just won t start. Someti

17、mes seems _ wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone解析：句意：发动机就是启动不起来。看来它是出毛病了。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。Seem 后接不定式，排除 C 和 D 两项，根据发动机不能启动的事实说明发动机已经出现了问题，故排除A 项,即可推断出正确答案。第6页答案： B。例 5. （ 2019 北京丰台高三一模） The road _ next week leads to Highway 62.A. buildingB. to buildC. to be builtD. built解析：句意：下星期

18、要修建的那条路通往62 号高速公路。Build 和句子谓语 leads 之间没有连词，故用 build 的非谓语动词形式，且 the road 与 build 构成逻辑上的被动关系。 此外，根据 next week 可知， 动作还未发生，故用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语，即可推断出正确答案。答案： C。基础演练一，用 some 或 any 填空。1. When shall we go to look at the apartment? Make it _ day you like; it s all the same to me.2. Jane was asked a lot of ques

19、tions, but she didntanswer _ of them.3. Whats that? It smells great! Its milk tea. Would you like _?4. She gave _ of the meat to the cat.5. We did the job without _ difficulty.6. Drop in on me at _time.7. If he had read _ of those books, he would have known the answer.Keys：一， 1. any2. any3. some4. s

20、ome5. any6. any7. any巩固提高一，单项选择。1. He doesn t have _ furniture in his room-just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. much2.The two girls are getting on very well and share _ with each other.A. littleB. muchC. someD. none3.It s an either situation we can a new car this year or we can go on holiday but

21、we can tA. othersB. eitherC. eachD. both第7页4.I ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don t like _ of them very much.A. eitherB. anyC. eachD. another5. John, when shall we meet again, Thursday of Friday?第8页. I ll be off to London then.A. eitherB. NeitherC. Both D. None6.Larry asks Bill and Peter to g

22、o on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they havework to do.Keys：1-8. DBDAB CCB一，单项选择。1.It s important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated2.Mary has trouble in speaking, which makes it difficult _ her thoughts and feelings

23、.A. expressB. expressingC. expressedD. to express3.He told me that his aim was _ a job around here to support himself while he studied in theuniversity these days.4.Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hard luggage onto the plane.5.With so many problems _, Jack looks like a cat on a hot tin

24、roof.6.With so many things _ , I have to work late into the night.7.The ability _ an idea is as important as the ides itself.8.With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing9.Bird s singing is sometimes a warning to other bir

25、ds _ away.A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay10. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.7.You are a team star! Working with _ _ is really your cup of tea.A.bothB. eitherC. othersD. the other8.I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided t

26、his morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A.otherB. anotherC. the otherD. othersA. either B. anyC. neither D. noneA. to getB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostA. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carriedA. solvedB. to solveC. solvingD. to be solvedA. to deal withB. dealt withC. deal

27、ing withD. being dealt withA. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed第9页11. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being found D. to have found12. （2019 北京大兴高三一模） The topic _ at tomorrows meeting is very important to all of us, soA. t

28、o watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watchedevery one should be here on tome.A. discussingB. discussedC. to be discussed D. discuss13.（2019 北京西城高三第一学期期末） _ the travelling needs of passengers. China RailwayCorporation has decided that people can book tickets 60 days in advanee.A. MeetB. To meetC. M

29、etD. Meet ing14.（2019 北京丰台高三第一学期期末）People planted trees on the waste hills_ water and soilloss.A. to decreaseB. decreasingC. decreasedD. decrease15.（2019 北京石景山高三第一学期期末）Scotland voted against independenee; more than half of thepeople chose_ part of the Un ited Kin gdom.A. remai ningB. rema inedC. to

30、have rema inedD. to rema inKeys:一，1-15 DABAB BCCAA BCBAD，完形填空。7_, her classmates discover she really has a hun dred dressesGod, every child _8_ when I close the book.9_ a moment everything is quiet. Then a boy 10 in my ear,He shows me that he has half a fin ger 11.I turn him towards the class and pu

31、t my 12 on his shoulder. He is a bit 13.“ I I only havenine and a half fin gers.1” He han ds. “ Please don t laugh at me about it.” The stude nts becon15. Then onebe）y calls out,16who makes 17 of you, Ill kick them.“ Me , too ,” 1saysWhen the boy sees the class 19un ited （团结）,he is very 20and smiles

32、 at me1.A. withB. i nC. forD. use2.A. fruit shopB.bookshopC. flower shopD. toy shop3.A. hateB. compla inC. likeD. decorate4.A. veryB. tooC. soD. such5.A. expe nsiveB. sameC. differe ntD. moder n6.A. at schoolB. at homeC. in the factoryD. in the shopI set up a classroom library of books that I bought

33、like a _2_. And my students 3 it very much.I read the childre n a story. It is about a girl who isevery day. But she says she has a hun dred dress _61_my own mon ey. The library looks beautiful,4_poor that she wears the _5_ dress to schoolThe other girls laugh at her un til she goes away.- a hundred

34、 beautiful drawings of dresseI have to tell the class someth ing.第11页7.A. LaterB. BeforeC. AgoD. Late8. A. runsB. shoutsC. playsD. cries9. A. ForB. SinceC. OnD. With10. A. speaksB. talksC. tellsD. says11. A. missingB. losingC. disappearedD. appeared12. A. headB. handsC. heartD. face13. A. worriedB. sadC. nervousD. excited14. A. puts downB. puts onC. puts