英文议论文写作 Argumentative Essay

1、Argumentative Essay Argumentation In argumentation, the writer uses clear thinking and logic to convince readers of the soundness of a particular opinion on a controversial issue. The purpose of exposition is to explain, to inform, to make the reader understand; the purpose of argumentation is to co

2、nvince, to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior. Argumentation frequently makes use of the other three types of writing description, narration, and above all exposition. Argumentation is actually exposition with the additional pu

3、rpose of convincing.Suggestions on writing a good argumentative essay 1. a debatable point2. Sufficient evidence3. Good logic in reasoning4. Clear logic in organizing5. Good use of the other three types of writing description, narration, and especially the various methods of exposition.6. tactful, c

4、ourteous languageA debatable point Argumentation always assumes that a controversy ( a debatale point) or some different opinions might exist about the topic. So writers have to do all they can to make readers accept their point of view. Read the following titles and Distinguish which one sounds mor

5、e debatable: Chinese doctors use acupuncture anesthesia to perform certain operationsAcupuncture anesthesia（ nisi:zj 麻醉）麻醉）should replace conventional anesthesia in all operations.Ba Jin is my favorite author Ba Jin is the greatest Chinese writer of the 21th centure.The advantages of watching TV.Do

6、the advantages of watching TV outweigh the disadvantages?Give a title for the following given topic as an expository essay and an argumentative essay On Museums On Space Exploration On Teamwork Practical Courses and Theoretical Courses On the Role Computers Play in English Teaching On Disposal Produ

7、ctsSufficient evidence Common knowledge Specific examples Hard, not soft evidence, or facts, not opinions, unless the opinions are expert and authoritative. Statistics Quotations from authoritiesreasoning Inductive reasoning:归纳法 from specific examples to a general statement Deductive reasoning:演绎推理法

8、 from a general statement to a specific conclusionorganization The evidence you provide should be arranged A: from the least to the most importantB: from the most familiar to the least familiarC: from the easiest to accept or comprehend to the most difficultlanguage To argue is not to quarrel. The f

9、orce of an argument does not come from abuse, sarcasm or fierce attacks, but form solid evidence, logical reasoning and careful analysis. Therefore, not to anger your readers by referring to them or their opinions is rude or belittling terms. Dont write, “everybody knows that”, or “people with any i

10、ntelligence agree that.” Take care that you neither overstate or understate, and avoid using words like “perhaps”, “sometimes”, “I think” which invariably weaken the force of your argument.Four main types of argumentation Ones view on 观点型议论文 Cause and effect 因果型 Comparison and Contrast 比较型 Problem S

11、olving 解决问题型Ways used in development Development by Examples Development by Definition Development by Comparison and Contrast Development by Division and Classification Development by Process Analysis Development by Causal Analysis Development by Time Development by Space Ttransitional devices (conn

12、ecting words) (1): Transitional devices are like bridges between parts of your essay. They are cues that help the readers to interpret ideas in the way that you as a writer want to express. These devices help you carry over a thought from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another. They l

13、ink up your sentences and paragraphs so that there are no abrupt jumps or breaks between ideas. transitional devices (connecting words) (2): There are several types of transitional devices, and each category leads your readers to make certain connections or assumptions about the areas you are connec

14、ting. Some lead your readers forward and imply the “building” of an idea or thought, while others make them compare ideas or draw conclusions from the preceding thoughts. Here is a list of some common transitional devices that can be used to cue your readers in a given way. transitional devices (con

15、necting words) (3): 1. To add and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, whats more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.) 2. To compare whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, wh

16、ile, compared with, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true 3. To prove because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that istransitional devices (connecting w

17、ords) (4): 4. To show exception yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes 5. To show time immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then 6. To repeat in brief, as

18、I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted 7. To emphasize definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservatio

19、ntransitional devices (connecting words) (5): 8. To show sequence first (second, etc.), A (B, etc.), and so forth, next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefo

20、re, hence, next, and then, soon 9. To give an example for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration 10. To summarize or conclude in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in co

21、nclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the wholeHome work Read two essays and answer1. What is the debatable thesis statement? 2. What kind of argumentation is the essay?3. What are the ways that the writer used to develop the es

22、say?4. What are the writers main arguments?5. Underline the transitional words and phrases.Group discussionDirection: you may write a composition of any style based on the given topic. And now try to set a title for your essay. 3.11 Japanese EarthquakeGroup DiscussionWrite an outline for the followi

23、ng given titles: Its urgent to carry out reforms in CET4 Attend classes regularly Due attention should be given to traditional cultureIts urgent to carry out reforms in CET4 Make a brief introduction of the aims and benefits of CET4 Talk about the serious situation that CET4 is now confronted with.

24、Put up with some suggestions about the reforms of CET4Its urgent to carry out reforms in CET4 Make a brief introduction of the aims and benefits of CET4, but point out the serious social problems caused by it List those problems, such as: Dumb English, misguide English teaching in colleges, etc. Its

25、 urgent to carry out reforms Serious social effects caused by the defects of CET4 How to improve CET4 as a criteria of English CompetenceDue attention should be given to traditional culture The neglect of traditional culture is a common phenomenon among students Two causes can be easily found for the phenomenon In my view, effective measure