英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇1-8+答案

1、英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇 NO.1Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts _1_ questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousn

2、ess. At times, however, we become _2_ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between _3_ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people _4_ with the text diffe

3、rently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is _5_ in the text. The latter represents _6_ levels of comprehension. The balance between thes

4、e is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is _7_ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as _8_ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning bu

5、t with the _9_ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well _10_. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)writtenE)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awakeI)higher J)expec

6、tations K)deal L)absolutelyM)aware N)better O)further英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇NO.2 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can _1_ per

7、formance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on _2_ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, _3_ among educators. But the careful use of small _

8、4_ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed _5_inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively _6_ task, they s

9、how the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to _7_ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for _8_ a

10、chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and _9_ failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems

11、and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows _10_ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent 英语四级篇章词汇

12、阅读篇NO.3 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _ it must be given over gen

13、eral language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _ in writing with out holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a _4_ child will be likely to “pl

14、ay safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid _5_ language. Thats why teachers often _6_ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about

15、a personal experience ：“ This work is _7_ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharp _8_ of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which _9_ some beau

16、tiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more _10_ to seek improvement. A)priority B)criticism

17、C)contained D)clearly E)adventurous F ） discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇NO.4 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and

18、other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of _1_ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as _2_ or quitting of an activity that was at one tim

19、e enjoyable. The early years of development are _3_ years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to _4_ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives

20、. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can _5_ affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be _6_ that youth sport participation does not bec

21、ome work for children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the _7_ of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of _8_ themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coa

22、ches _9_ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism can create _10_ levels of stress, w

23、hich can lead to burnout. A)process B)high C)enjoying D)anxiety E)settle F)cautious G)cooperate H)greatly I)dropping J)hardly K)intense L)focus M)aspiration N)critical O)procedure英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇NO.5 The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典)in 1896 and only twelve nations participated. Beside

24、s the host nation man participants were tourists who _1_ to be in Greece at the time. Though the whole affair was _2_ and the standard was not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up. Since then the games had been held every four years except during the _3_ of the two World War. This wa

25、s _4_ a departure from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stop and make way for the games. The games have grown enormously in scale and _5_ performances have now reached unprecedented heights. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their _6_ standard. Instead of Olympia, the modern games a

26、re now held in different cities all over the world. Inevitably politics and commercialism get involved as countries vie each other for(为 . 而互相竞争) the _7_ to hold the games because of the political prestige and commercial profit to be _8_ out of them. In the 11 the games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitle

27、r who had newly come to _9_ in Germany tried to use the occasion for his Nazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame was brought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays, a marathon journey now often taking months to _10_. A) honour B) accomplish C) had D) moralE) arrive F) occ

28、ured G) end H) power I) happened J) definitely K) Physical L) informal M) interruption N) especially O) irregular 英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇NO.6 Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theres a big difference between "being a writer" and wri

29、ting. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "Youve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer." The reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor paying affair. For every writer kissed by f

30、ortune there are thousands more whose longing is never _4_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no

31、 bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a _7_ writer. After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that _9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt

32、going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo(keep ?) putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F)

33、 poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇NO.7Its never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often youve judged roughly, said _1_

34、 things, pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and _2_ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isnt it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is _

35、3_, and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and _4_ is expressed. I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs: headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No _5_ cause could be found. Finally my friend said to the man, "Unless you tell

36、 me whats worrying you, I cant help you." After some hesitation, the man _6_ that, as executor of his fathers will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad, of his _7_. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother asking _8_ and enclosing a cheque as the first

37、 step in restoring their good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears. "Thank you," He said, "I think Im _9_." And he was. A heartfelt apology can not only _10_ a damaged relationship but also make it strong

38、er. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or just neglected, do something about it right now. A)heal B)mental C)unkind D)regret E)accurately F)confessed G)inheritance H)physical I)cured J)treat K)truly L)unfaithful M)forgiveness N)disturbed O)excu (e

39、xcuse?)英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇NO.8Nowadays, is it possible to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details _1_ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often _2_, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such _3_ would no longer be so true. The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their _4_. The most obvious way in which is for the