常用分析化学词汇

1、常用分析化学词汇玻璃漏斗 Glass funnel long stem试管 test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack蒸发皿 evaporating dish small烧杯 beaker锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer量筒 grad cylinder洗瓶 plastic wash bottle勺皿 casserole ,small stoppered flask分液漏斗 separalory funnelwarter bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器 condenserB

2、allast bottle圆颈烧瓶 Round-bottom flask试剂瓶 reagent bottles托盘天平 platform balance 台秤0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scalecrossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平 two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管 burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管 pipette 胖肚 elongated glass bulb洗耳球 rubber suction bulb玻棒 glass rod玻璃活塞 st

3、opcock容量瓶 pyknowmeter flasks比重瓶 (one-mark)volumetric flasks胖肚吸管 one-mark pipette刻度吸管 graduated pipettes锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1(Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clam

4、p;test tube holder)×1100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×150 ml×2 10 ml×1容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×150 ml×4 洗耳球(ear washing bulb)碘量瓶 (Iodine numoe flask; iodine flask) 500 ml×3试剂瓶 (reagent bottle) （无色）×2（棕色）×2 配洗液：量筒（cylinder） 100 ml×

5、;1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水65mlH2SO4(graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。铁支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架白瓷板(White Porcelain Board ) （一）清点仪器(to count;to make an inventory)酸式滴定管(Acid burette) 25 ml×1 配洗液 (Lotion)碱式滴定管(Alkali burette)25 ml×1 一般仪器的洗涤直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)×1 容量瓶(volumetric flask)漏斗架 (fu

6、nnel stand) ×2 移液管(pipe)水浴锅(water bath kettle) ×1温度计(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope) ×1电炉(electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove) 四人一个分析化学：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis仪器分析法：

7、instrumental analysis流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics绝对误差：absolute error相对误差：relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：determinate error随机误差：accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度：accuracy精确度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debia

8、tion相对平均偏差：relative average debiation标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数：coefficient of variation误差传递：propagation of error有效数字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q滴定分析法：

9、titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点：stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡：charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis consta

10、nt质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂：mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂：basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent均化效应：diff

11、erentiating effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：ionization离解：dissociation结晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: -naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红：quinadinered百里酚蓝：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂：metal lochrom

12、e indcator氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry 溴量法：bromine method铈量法：cerimetry高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method条件电位：conditional potential溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸盐：periodate亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反应：diazotiz

13、ation reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method银量法：argentometric method重量分析法：gravimetric analysis挥发法：vo

14、latilization method引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition结晶水：water of crystallization组成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair沉淀形式：precip

15、itation forms称量形式：weighing forms物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis仪器分析：instrumental analysis电化学分析：electrochemical analysis电解法：electrolytic analysis method电重量法：electtogravimetry库仑法：coulometry库仑滴定法：coulometric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometr

16、ic titration电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：dirext potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry极谱法：polarography溶出法：stripping method电流滴定法：amperometric titration化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：gal

17、vanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极：cathrode正极：anode电池电动势：eletromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极：primary reference electrode饱和甘汞电极：standard calomel electrode银氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：asy

18、mmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH复合PH电极：combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极：heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极：electrode with a mo

19、bile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET离子选择场效应管：ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stop titration双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic ana

20、lysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS紫外可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift蓝（紫）移：blue shift增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic ef

21、fect减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect强带：strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声：dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：blazed grating全息光栅：holographic graaing光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,P

22、LS褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry褶合变换：convolution transform,CT离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis供电子取代基：electron donating group吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group荧光：fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry振动弛豫：vi

23、brational relexation内转换：internal conversion外转换：external conversion体系间跨越：intersystem crossing激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method散射光：scattering l

24、ight瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光：Raman scattering light红外线：infrared ray,IR中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR远红外光谱：Far-IR微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry振动形式：mode of vibration伸缩振动：stretching vibration对称伸缩振动：symmetrical stretchi

25、ng vibration不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration弯曲振动：bending vibration变形振动：formation vibration面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,剪式振动：scissoring vibration,面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration,核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum核磁共振波谱法：NMR spectroscopy扫场：swept field扫频：seept frequency连续波核磁共

26、振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier变换NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氢谱：1H-NMR碳13核磁共振谱：13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR自旋角动量：spin angular momentum磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio磁量子数：magnetic quantum number,m进动：precession弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic sh

27、ielding屏蔽常数：shielding constant化学位移：chemical shift国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC磁各向异性：magnetic anisotropy远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect结面：nodal plane自旋自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling自旋自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting单峰：singlet,s双峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：*tet偕偶：geminal coupling邻偶：vicinal coupling远程偶合：

28、long range coupling磁等价：magnetic eqivalence自旋系统：spin system一级光谱：first order spectrum二级光谱（二级图谱）：second order spectrumC-H光谱：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY质谱分析法：mass spectrometry质谱：mass spectrum,MS棒图：bar graph选择离子检测：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口：interface气相色谱质谱联用：gas c

29、hromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色谱质谱联用：high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,EI离子峰：quasi-molecular ions化学离子源：chemical ionization source,CI场电离：field ionization,FI场解析：field desorptiion,FD快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB质量分析器：mass an

30、alyzer磁质谱仪：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer四极杆质谱仪（四极质谱仪）：quadrupole mass spectrometer原子质量单位:amu离子丰度：ion abundance相对丰度(相对强度)：relative avundance基峰：base peak质量范围：mass range分辨率：resolution灵敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子离子：molecular ion碎片离子：fragment ion同位素离子：isotopic ion亚稳离子：metastable ion亚稳峰：metastable peak母离子

31、：paren ion子离子：daughter含奇数个电子的离子：odd electron含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE均裂：homolytic cleavage异裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MW裂解：-cleavage固定相：stationary phase化学键合相：chemically bonde phase封尾、封顶、遮盖：end capping手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP恒组成溶剂洗脱：isocraic elut

32、ion梯度洗脱：gradient elution紫外检测器：ultraviolet detector,UVD荧光检测器：fluorophotomeric detector,FD电化学检测器：ECD示差折光检测器：RID光电二极管检测器：photodiode array detector ,DAD三维光谱波谱图：3D-spectrochromatogram蒸发光散射检测器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD释药系统（drug delivery system，DDS）中国药典（Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP）美国药典（The U

33、nited States Pharmacopoeia,USP）美国国家处方集（The National Formulary,NF）英国药典（British Pharmacopoeia,BP）欧洲药典（European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）国际药典（The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）良好药品实验研究规范（Good Laboratory Practice,GLP）良好药品生产规范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP)良好药品供应规范(Good Supply Practice,GSP)良好药品临床试验规范(Go

34、od Clinical Practice,GCP)分析质量管理(Analytical Quality Control,AQC)边缘效应 edge effect斑点定位法 localization of spot放射自显影法 autoradiography原位定量 in situ quantitation生物自显影法 bioautography归一法 normalization method内标法 internal standard method外标法 external standard method叠加法 addition method普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration funct

35、ion or curve function谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线 universal calibration function or curve of separation加宽校正 broadening correction加宽校正因子 broadening correction factor溶剂强度参数 0，solvent strength parameter洗脱序列 eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱 gradient elution梯度洗脱 gradient elution(再)循环洗脱 rec

36、ycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱 linear solvent strength gradient程序溶剂 programmed solvent程序压力 programmed pressure程序流速 programmed flow展开 development上行展开 ascending development下行展开 descending development双向展开 two dimensional development环形展开 circular development离心展开 centrifugal development向心展开 centripetal developme

37、nt径向展开 radial development多次展开 multiple development分步展开 stepwise development连续展开 continuous development梯度展开 gradient development匀浆填充 slurry packing停流进样 stop-flow injection阀进样 valve injection柱上富集 on-column enrichment流出液 eluate柱上检测 on-column detection柱寿命 column life柱流失 column bleeding显谱 visualization活化

38、 activation反冲 back flushing脱气 degassing沟流 channeling过载 overloadingabatement 1:减少 2：消除；ablution 1:清洗 2：洗净液；abnormal distribution 1:非正态分布；above-critical 临界以上的；above proof 超过标准；abrasive 1：磨料，研磨机；abrupt change ！：陡变 2：（滴定）突跃；absolute calibration curve method 绝对校准曲线法；absolution configuration 绝对构型；absolute

39、 deviation 绝对偏差；absolute error 绝对误差；absolute ethyl alcohol 无水乙醇；absolute humidity 绝对湿度；absolute manometer 绝对压力计；absolute isotopic abundance measurement 绝对同位素丰度测量；absolute precision 绝对精密度；absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度；absolute mobility 绝对淌度；absolute retention time 绝对保留时间；absolute refractive index 绝对折射率；absolute stability constan