四级 选词填空和翻译

1、Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You

2、 may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.(1)When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be _1_ wast

3、eful to tear them all down and _2_ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the _3_ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying

4、 an old one. So in the broadest _4_, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and _5_ our homes, offices and other buildings. “You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing build

5、ings,” says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some _6_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _7_ over time and let in mor

6、e outside air.Fortunately, there are a _8_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from _9_ ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help _10_ property owners from rising power costs.A) vast

7、B) supplying C) shiftedD) senseE) replaceF) reducedG) protect H) poweringI) incrediblyJ) historicK) expand L) exceptionsM) doubtfulN) clumsyO) accommodationsKeys: 1) I - incredibly 2) E - replace 3) F - reduced 4) D - sense 5) H - powering 6) L - exceptions 7) K - expand 8) A - vast 9) J - historic

8、10) G - protect(2)In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a childs language development than mothers, a new study suggests.Researchers _1_ 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of educa

9、tion and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, _2_ all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue o

10、f The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.The scientists measured the _3_ number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other _4_ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not diffe

11、r in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers _5_ the childrens speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mothers level of education, the _6_ of child care and the number of different words t

12、he father used. The researchers are _7_ why the fathers speech, and not the mothers, had an effect.“Its well _8_ that the mothers language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had _9_ had a strong influen

13、ce on their childrens speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are _10_ in a way we didnt measure in the study.”A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describingG) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total M) unconscious

14、 N) unsure O) yet Keys:1). K- recruited      2). J - recording 3). L - total     4). C - aspects5). B - analyzed      6). H - quality 7). N - unsure     8).G - established9). A - alread

15、y   10). E - contributing(3)Theres no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we _1_ to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable _2_ for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too _3_ to worry about, or too un

16、certain-something projected by the same computer _4_ that often cant get next weeks weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldnt be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about _5_ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, m

17、eant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the _6_ is up 1F over the past century, but som

18、e of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results arent pretty. Ice is _7_, rivers are running dry, and coasts are _8_, threatening communities.The _9_ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are omens of whats in store for the _10_ of

19、the planet.A) remoteB) techniquesC) consisting D) restE) willingF) climateG) skillH) appetiteI) meltingJ) vanishingK) erodingL) temperatureM) curiosityN) changesO) skillfulKeys: 1) E - willing 2) H - appetite 3) A - remote 4) B - techniques 5) F - climate 6) L - temperature 7) I - melting 8) K - ero

20、ding9) N - changes 10) D - rest (4)Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to _1_. You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular _2_ activity. And surprisingly, you dont have to give up eating or make the

21、gym your second home to see long-term, _3_ effects.Your body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic _4_ such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting of basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, _

22、5_ energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and _6_ of your activity. The higher the inten

23、sity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will _7_ on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most _8_ for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you _9_ contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, runnin

24、g, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had _10_ in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk

25、 will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.A) positiveB) additionalC) durationD) effectiveE) shedF) physicalG) foodH) functionsI) participatedJ) relyK) cutL) repeatedlyM) usesN) littleO) obviousKeys: 1) E - shed 2) F - physical 3) A - positive 4) H - functions5) B - additional 6) C -

26、duration 7) J - rely 8) D - effective9) L - repeatedly 10) I - participated(5)Once the world embraced the automobile, the days of depending on horses, bicycles, ferries, and trains quickly slipped into the past. People were _1_ with the speed of the automobile but they were also enjoying the persona

27、l freedom that the automobile gave them. Owing a car gave people the freedom to go anyplace a road _2_. This allowed people to travel at anytime and at their own _3_. This independence gave the car a popular edge over buses and trains.The popularity of the automobile made it the _4_ of the transport

28、ation system. The automobile changed our lives when it created a giant industry that offered more and more jobs. The automobile made it possible for people to live in areas _5_ from their work place. This caused cities to grow and made suburban living more convenient. Of course, with more places to

29、go, more _6_ roads had to be built. The automobile caused a _7_ effect. Jobs increased, industries grew, new industries developed, and cities appeared. Today the automobile industry continues to offer many _8_. Jobs are plentiful in this industry and improvements continue to be made to the automobil

30、e with new technologies. We have come a long way from that first _9_ carriage because of the cooperative efforts of many people in the last century. It will be interesting to see what the future holds for the automobile. We have already seen signs of the use of solar energy in this area. As long as

31、man has a brain, the future of the automobile is _10_.A) backbone B) infinite C) furtherD) backgroundE) ledF) enjoyedG) horselessH) developingI) opportunitiesJ) snowballK) definiteL) developedM) fartherN) impressedO) paceKeys: 1) N - impressed 2) E - led 3) O - pace 4) A - backbone5) M - farther 6)

32、L - developed 7) J - snowball 8) I - opportunities 9) G - horseless 10) B - infinite(6)The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the _1_ computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 _2_ that could have

33、been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference _3_ unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization on which advises the aviati

34、on (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “_4_” stages of flight, _5_ take-off and landing. Some experts are calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although som

35、e airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are _6_ to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is _7_ how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device em

36、it radiation which _8_ those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because the have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的)

37、 to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation _9_. As worrying, though, who cant hear the instructions to turn off this radio because the musics too _10_. A) definiteB) incidentsC) effectsD) remainsE) criticalF) particularlyG) reluctantH) refres

38、hingI) portableJ) enormousK) predictingL) liberalM) affectsN) equipmentO) loudKeys: 1) I - portable 2) B - incidents 3) D - remains 4) E - critical5) F - particularly 6) G - reluctant 7) K - predicting 8) M - affects 9) N - equipment 10) O - loud (7)Every year in the first week of my English class,

39、some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments _1_ it. They find the writing process _2_ and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it - _3_ English, with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living

40、in an _4_ mansion (豪宅) and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they cant write, I know as a teacher my _5_ is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to _6_ the moral and emotional devel

41、opment of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done _7_ just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice.

42、I often see a rise in student confidence and _8_ after only a few weeks of journal writing. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political,

43、and _9_ lives. They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step _10_ to fluency, eloquence (雄辩), and command of language. A) closer I) painful B) daily J)

44、performance C) emotionalK) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE) enormous M) requireF) especiallyN) sensitiveG) hinder O) urgeH) mission Keys: 1) M - require 2) I - painful 3) F - especially 4) E - enormous5) H - mission 6) D - enhance 7) B - daily 8) J - performance 9) C - emotional 10) A - closer(8

45、)Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps _1_ the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out _2_. The new

46、student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and wonders what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture _3_ notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the _4_ to understand. Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to dev

47、elop the skills they need to be _5_ listeners and note-takers. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which _6_ learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to _7_ the problem before actually starting your studies.It is important to _8_ t

48、hat most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills required in college study. One way of _9_ these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic _10_ is to find a study partner with whom it

49、is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.A) with B) effectiveC) strategyD) tackle E) studentsF) enableG) acknowledgeH) illustratingI) sustainJ) ignoreK) assignmentsL) informationM) averageN) advocateO) overcomingKeys: 1) H - illustrating 2) K - assignments 3) A - with

50、 4) E - students5) B - effective 6) F - enable 7) D - tackle 8) G - acknowledge 9) O - overcoming 10) C - strategy(9)Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was

51、 always the _1_ of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many _2_ businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered _3_. There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair

52、 stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to _4_ place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were _5_ to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city l

53、imits. Open space is what the car driving customers _6_. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, _7_ as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were dr

54、awn away from _8_ areas to outlying malls. And the growing _9_ of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition of providing the _10_ of the stop shopping, malls

55、were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.A) designedB) takeC) heartD) neededE) thoughF) convenienceG) servicesH) fameI) variousJ) popularityK) cosmeticsL) startedM) downtownN) availableO) cheapnessKeys:1) C - heart 2) I - various 3) G - services 4) B - take 5) N - available 6) D - needed