初中英定语从句ppt课件

1、定语从句Attributive Clause三大从句：三大从句：e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. e.g. That they are good at English is known to us all. e.g. That they are good at English is known to us all. e.g. Although they are poo

2、r,(yet)they are warm-hearted.e.g. Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.1) 1)定语从句：在句中修饰名词，代词或者句子，充任定语从句：在句中修饰名词，代词或者句子，充任定语成分。定语成分。2) 2)名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在句中充任主语、宾语、表语和同位和同位语从句，在句中充任主语、宾语、表语和同位语成分。语成分。3)3)状语从句：主要包括时间、地点、条件、目的、缘状语从句：主要包括时间、地点、条件、目的、缘由、结果、退

3、让、方式和比较状语从句由、结果、退让、方式和比较状语从句, ,在句中充任状在句中充任状语。语。定语从句定语从句 ()1、功能：相当于描画词，修饰名词或代词，在句、功能：相当于描画词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语中作定语2、位置：定语从句通常置于被修饰词之后、位置：定语从句通常置于被修饰词之后e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：关系代词：who,

4、whom, which, that, whose, as关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作偶尔也作关系副词。关系副词。(*没有没有what)关系关系代词代词who 代表人代表人whom 代表人，在从句中作宾语代表人，在从句中作宾语which 代表物代表物that 代表人或物，只引导限制性定语从句代表人或物，只引导限制性定语从句whose 代表人或物，在从句中作定语代表人或物，在从句中作定语as 代表人或物，常与代表人或物，常与same, such搭配，不搭配，不能省略能省略关系关系副词副词when 表示时间，充当状语表示时间，充当状语where 表示地点，充

5、当状语表示地点，充当状语why 表示原因，充当状语表示原因，充当状语5、确定关系词的步骤1先找先行词，再找关系词。2看关系词在从句中所充任的成分。e.g. This is the place where I work. 6. 6.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词是等量关系先行词和关系词是等量关系 He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the

6、match.match.句中句中oneone为先行词为先行词 He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match. He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.句中句中studentsstudents为先行词为先行词 There are many places that we can visit them in China. There are many places that we can visit them in China. 先行词

7、在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。先行词而定。关系词在从句句子中充任了成分，其意思就是先关系词在从句句子中充任了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能反复其意。行词的意义，所以在从句中不能反复其意。7.关系词在从句中省略的情况关系词在从句中省略的情况:关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。关系词作表语。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用不用 “，”与主句隔开。与主句隔开。 用用 “，”与主句隔开。与主句隔开。 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的是先行词不可缺少的定语定语只是对先行词的补充说只是对先行

8、词的补充说明明 关系词的使用上 可省关系词词（表、可省关系词词（表、宾）宾）可用可用thatC.可用可用who 代替代替 whom A不可省略不可省略 引导词引导词B不用不用thatC不可用不可用who 代替代替 whom8.分类: 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句1.I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you out.2.The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village. 定语从句定语从句

9、()1. 在定语从句中，领先行词指物时，以下情况的关系在定语从句中，领先行词指物时，以下情况的关系词宜用词宜用that而不用而不用whiche.g. This is the best that has been used against pollution.Love is the last possession that I want to give up.This was the only thing that he could remember.We havent got anything that we can offer you.He was looking pleasantly at

10、 the children and parcels that filled his bus. Which is the bike that you lost?The school is no longer the one that it was.1先行词被描画词最高级先行词被描画词最高级 序数词序数词 数词数词或被或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。等修饰时。2先行词为先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。等不定代词时。3先行词中既有人又有物时。先行词中既有人又有物时。4

11、当主句中含有疑问词当主句中含有疑问词which时。时。5先行词在主句做表语时先行词在主句做表语时2.2.宜用宜用whichwhich而不用而不用thatthat的情况的情况e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. China, is a very beautiful city. This is the hotel in which you will This is the hotel in which you will

12、stay. stay. 1 1在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中2 2在关系词前有介词时在关系词前有介词时3 3领先行词本身是领先行词本身是thatthat时时3.关系词关系词who与与that指人时，不同情况分别用不同的指人时，不同情况分别用不同的关系词关系词1当主句是当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用作疑问词时，关系词用that。e.g. Who is that girl that is standing by the window?2whom在从句中只作宾语，可被在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。但取代。但在介词之后只能用在介词之后只能用whom4.whose作关系词既指人又指物，

13、在从句中作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语作定语of which 。whose+名词名词the 名词名词of which/of which the 名词名词e.g. Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.=There is a room, the window of which faces the river.5.5.关系代词关系代词as,as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。常用于句型：常用于句型： the same

14、 as ;suchas ;as many/much the same as ;suchas ;as many/much asase.g.e.g. Such books as you bought are useful.Such books as you bought are useful.The wallet is just the same as I lost the The wallet is just the same as I lost the other day.(other day.(两件两件) )留意区别留意区别: :such that such that 引导的结果状语从句。引

15、导的结果状语从句。e.g.e.g. They are such lovely children that we They are such lovely children that we love them much.love them much.the same that the same that 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。e.g. e.g. I want to use the same tool that I want to use the same tool that you used just now. (you used just now. (同一件同一件) )2 2定语从句

16、用定语从句用asas和和whichwhich引导的区别：引导的区别：同同: :均可用于引导非限制性定语从句；均可用于引导非限制性定语从句； 均可以修饰整个主句均可以修饰整个主句异异: :意义上：意义上：as as 含有含有“这点正如这点正如一样。一样。 位置上：位置上：as as 从句位置灵敏从句位置灵敏 ，可置句首，也，可置句首，也可在另处。可在另处。e.g. He didne.g. He didnt pass the exam, as we had t pass the exam, as we had expected.expected. There is lots of air in l

17、oose snow, There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not As is known, the earth is round, not flat.flat.6. 6. 关系副词关系副词whenwhen与与wherewhere、whywhy、thatthat when when 指时间指时间 = in / at / on / during = in / at / on / dur

18、ing whichwhich where where指地点指地点 = in / at / from / which = in / at / from / which why why指缘由指缘由 = for which = for which* *whywhy不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用for for whichwhich领先行词为领先行词为wayway、dayday、reasonreason、timetime时，可用时，可用thatthat作关系副词。非正式场所作关系副词。非正式场所e.g. I dont like the way that / in whi

19、ch e.g. I dont like the way that / in which / /0 0 he talks. he talks.定语从句定语从句()()1.1.关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是whichwhich和和whomwhom。关系词前介词的选择关系词前介词的选择Step 1:Step 1:看定语从句谓语部分短少什么介词看定语从句谓语部分短少什么介词( (动动词的固定搭配词的固定搭配) )Step 2:Step 2:将先行词带入从句，看选择哪个介词将先行词带入从句，看选择哪个介词Step 3:Step 3:可以经过整个句子整体含义来

20、判别，可以经过整个句子整体含义来判别，将先行词带入从句中将先行词带入从句中1.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which2.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which介词填空：介词填空：3.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too

21、 high.4.In the park there are many flowers, the colour_ which is bright and nice.5.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.6.What were the things_which he was not too sure?7.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.8.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is wo

22、rth reading.ataboutatinforof2.特例！特例！极少数定语从句中出现了介词极少数定语从句中出现了介词+where 1.China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. from that B. from here C. from there D. from where 2.They stood at the window, _ they could see_ was happening in the street. A. where; a

23、ll B. which; allC. from where; what D. from which; that 3. 留意定语从句与其它从句的构造上的细微差别留意定语从句与其它从句的构造上的细微差别,可以正确区分运用它们可以正确区分运用它们.A: 留意区别定语从句与强调句。留意区别定语从句与强调句。e.g. It is the museum that / which we visited last year. It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调句强调句it无意义

24、，无意义，that / who不是引导词。不是引导词。B: 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句与同位语从句的区别。e.g. Word came that their army was defeated. We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.定语从句引导词被称为关系词，定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充任主语、充任主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充任不能充任任何成分，不可省。任何成分，不可省。C:1There are two

25、 boys in Peters，both of whom are white2There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 析：句析：句1是含有定语从句的复合句。是含有定语从句的复合句。句句2由于有并列连词由于有并列连词and所以是并列句。所以是并列句。 D:1This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet2This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet.析：句析：句1是由关系副

26、词是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，修饰先行词修饰先行词places，这时的，这时的 where也可以由也可以由at which替代。替代。句句2是由衔接副词是由衔接副词where引导的地点状语从句，引导的地点状语从句，这时的这时的where不可以由介词不可以由介词which替代。替代。 E:1Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move 2Here is such a heavy stone that I cant move it 析：句析：句1是定语从句，先行词前有是定语从句，先行词前有 such修修饰时用饰时用as引导，引导，as

27、在定语从句中作在定语从句中作move的宾语。的宾语。句句2是是suchthat引导的结果状语从句。引导的结果状语从句。 F:1As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun 2It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun 析：句析：句1是由是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵敏，可以位于句首，句末或的定语从句的位置很灵敏，可以位于句首，句末或插在句中。插在句中。as替代整个

28、主句，在定语从句中充任主替代整个主句，在定语从句中充任主语。语。句句2是含有主语从句的复合句，是含有主语从句的复合句，it作方式主语，作方式主语，真正的主语是真正的主语是that引导的从句。引导的从句。 1.A.Is this the factory_you visited last year? B.Is this factory_you visited last year? a.that b.where c.in which d.the one2.A.Dont discuss questions such_those. B.Lets discuss only the questions_ w

29、e are interested in. a.which b.that c.as d.about which3. A. All_I need is a good rest. B. _I need is a good rest. a. What b. All what c. That d.Which 4.A.Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower. a.which b.that c.where d.there5. A. It is in a box_I have hidde

30、n my money. B. Well go_we are needed. a.that b.in which c.where d.in it1. a d 2. c b 3. c a 4. a c 5. a c Ex:1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. thatC. where D. it2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. Athat Bth

31、ere Cwhich Dwhere 3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom4. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy.A. that B.which C. what D. whom5. By improving reading skills, you can read