动词不定式中考考点精讲精练

1、动词不定式的用法动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形,to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点:1.具有动词的特点,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首(谓语动词用单数形式。如:To learn English well is very important.常用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。如It is very important to learn Eng

2、lish well. 动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:1.It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.for sb.常用于一般的形容词如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, exciting等。例Its very interesting for him to do this kind thing.2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. of sb一般用表示人的性格,品质或感情、态度的形容词。如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude, brave, stupid, silly等。如:It

3、s really kind of you to help me .3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例:It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.二、作宾语I 常见的只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan, refuse, seem, wish, fail,choose, manage(设法,pretend(假装,promise(答应, expect(期

4、望 afford(付得起,例句:1.I want to take some books to the library.2.They need to plant some trees.3.I decide to do my homework at night.4.He hopes to see you soon.注意:think, find, feel, make, believe等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. +to do sth.”句型( it作形式宾语.例:1.I find it important to learn English well.2.I think it necess

5、ary for us to have a good rest.II 注意 1下列动词只能跟动名词(doing:enjoy喜欢,finish完成,keep保持,继续,mind 介意, practise练习,miss错过, suggest建议,consider,考虑, avoid避免, escape逃脱, imagine想象, allow允许,prevent阻止, forgive原谅.例:You should practise speaking English every day. Would you mind going with her? He enjoyed collecting stamp

6、s. You shouldnt keep thinking about it.2下列词组只能接动名词:be busy (in(忙于做某事,be good at(擅长, give up(放弃 be afraid of(害怕,feel like(想要,be worth(值得,have difficulty/trouble (in (做某事有困难, have a good/wonderful/hard time (in, spend time (in, How/what about,thank you for, think of / about(想起,succeed in (成功 ,keep on(

7、一直,cant help(禁不住, insist on(坚持,preventfrom(阻止, pay attention to(注意, look forward to(期望, preferto(更喜欢,be(get used to(习惯于,devote oneself to(将奉献给几个惯用的动词不定式:be afraid to do sth害怕干某事,be sure to do确定干某事,be pleased to do干某事高兴,be happy to do干某事高兴,be ready to do 准备干某事(几乎所有介词,不管是单个介词还是介词词组都可跟动名词.如:1.Thanks fo

8、r helping me . 2.Father gave up smoking. 3.The book is worth reading.4.I cant help laughing.5.I prefer reading to writing.6.He is used to living in the countryside.7.I am tired of working here.8.He is looking forward to visiting Beijing. III一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:A. forget to do忘记去做某事(此事未做;fo

9、rget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做。B. stop to do停止、中断(某件事,去做另一件事; stop doing停止正在做的事。C. remember to do记住去做某事(未做; remember doing记得做过某事(已做。D. try to do努力、企图做某事; try doing试验、试一试某种办法。E. go on to do sth接着做另一事; go on doing sth继续做同一件事。F. mean to do打算,有意要 mean doing意味着。如:1. Please stop to have a rest if you feel tired.2.

10、 Why didnt you buy some bread?Sorry, I forgot to take some money with me.3. I remembered seeing him in Qindao last year.(love喜欢,hate憎恨,like喜欢,prefer更喜欢,continue继续,start, begin开始既可接动名词可接不定式作宾语且意义相同.如:He likes to sing / singing.他喜欢唱歌. It has started to rain /raining.开始下雨了。三、作宾补I 常见的跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有:ask要求

11、,want想要,tell告诉,wish希望, like喜欢,teach教,invite邀请,advise,建议,allow允许,order命令,encourage鼓励, warn告诫,permit允许,persuade说服,force强迫,get让,beg请求,require要求1.The doctor told her not to eat too much meat.2.Mother asked me not to play games.3.I wish you to go to the meeting with me.4. I invited him to come to my part

12、y.注意:不定式作宾语或宾补的常用动词有:ask, want,wish,expect,promise 等。如:I want to visit the zoo. I want him to visit the zoo.II下列动词后应跟省略to的不定式作宾补:“一感”(feel;“二听”(hear, listen to ;“三使”(make, let, have; “四看”(see, watch, notice, look at ;“半帮助”(help如:1.Let me help you . 2.I heard her sing in the next room just now.3.Noth

13、ing makes me stop studying .4. This afternoon I watched them play football.5.I often help mum (to clean the house.注意:但改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。如:He was seen to break the window. III 注意(1see/watch/hear/notice /find + sb.+ do sth. “看到/听到/注意到/发现某人做某事”,注重看或听的动作的全过程。如:I saw him come into the classroom.(2see/watc

14、h/hear/notice/find + doing sth. “看到/听到/注意到/发现某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行。如:I heard her singing in the next room.四、作表语动词不定式作表语,一般放在系动词be, seem的后面。主语常是wish, idea, task, job ,aim等. 例:1.My job is to feed the animals. 2. My wish is to be a doctor.3. His uncle seems to be very happy.4.The important thing is to save

15、 time.五、作定语动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:作后置定语。例如:Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything,位于其后下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:way, time , place, promise, way, wish等。如:I have a chance to meet the foreigners. There is no time to think.1.由only, first, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。例句:The best time to come to Chi

16、na is in spring or autumn.He is the third one to get to the top of the mountain.2、不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,动词不定式与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例:I have a lot of work to do.Can you give me something to eat.I have a big house to live in.(注:如果不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系,不定式动词是不及物动词,则须加适当的介词。如:I need a pen to write with. There are enou

17、gh chairs for them to sit on. This is an important thing to talk about.六、作状语1.动词不定式作状语表原因. 表示原因的不定式作状语的结构是:be + adj. + to do 常用的形容词有:sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, angry, ready, clever, foolish, wrong, right等等。I am sorry to hear that. She is very happy to see her husband.2

18、. 动词不定式作状语表结果此时常用于tooto, enough to, sothat句型相换用。例:He is too young to go to school. = He isnt old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.He runs so slowly that he cant catch up with her.=He runs too slowly to catch up with her.=He doesnt run quickly enough to catch up with h

19、er.注:当主句与从句中主语不一致时,常用for sb. 例:The box is so light that I can move it away. The box is light enough for me to move away.3.动词不定式作状语表目的,常常与for连接的表示目的的介词短语相换用。例:I will go to the shop to buy a pen.=I will go to the shop for a pen.She went home to have breakfast.=She went home for breakfast.在表示目的时,还可以用in

20、 order to(句尾或句首和so as to (一般不放在句首。如:He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.注意:目的状语从句so that /in order that可以简化为不定式in order to do 如:I got up early in order to catch the first bus.I got up early so that /in order that I could catch the first bus.动词不定式需要注意的问题一、不定式的符号to 在一些特殊情况下经常省略:1.

21、常见的有“一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助”几种情况。即feel sb do sth; listen to/ hear sb do; make/ let/ have sb do sth; look at/ see/ watch/ notice sb do sth;help sb (todo sth 如:I often hear her sing songs in her room.注意:1若表示“看到/听到/感觉到某人正在做某事”,则用see/ hear/ feel sb doing sth. 如:I can hear someone singing in the next room now.2

22、在使动词中get除外(get sb. to do sth. 如:Miss Li got Tom to clean the room. 2. 情态动词(除ought外后跟动词原形。They ought to come tomorrow.他们明天应当来。She cant speak to you. Shall I talk to him? They must leave before 10.3. would rather(not.宁可(不;宁愿(不 ; had better(not.句型后跟动词原形。We had better take some warm clothes. Youd better

23、 not play games every day.I would rather not tell you. Id rather do some reading this morning.4.动词不定式作介词but, except的宾语,当前面的主要动词为do时,省to。He did nothing but watch TV today. He wants to do nothing but go out.5.当两个或多个动词不定式并列时,第一个动词不定式加to,后面的动词不定式省to。I want to visit him and ask for some help. Id like to

24、lie down and go to sleep .6.Why not+动词原形为什么不? Why not have a rest?二、疑问词+不定式疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how”。常放在know, see, decide, tell, ask, explain, forget, learn, remember, wonder, understand等后面构成“疑问词+不定式”。作句子的主语、宾语或表语等。1.作主语(谓语动词常用单数形式 Where to go is still a question.2.作

25、宾语Ill show you how to do it. I asked her how to learn English“疑问词+不定式”可以把复合句转为简单句。如:I dont know what Ill do next. = I dont know what to do next.I dont know which one I can buy .I dont know which one to buy.3.作表语The problem is where to find him.三、不定式的否定式和被动式1.不定式的否定式是将not或never置于不定式之前,构成not to do 或ne

26、ver to do 的形式。注意not和never一定要放在不定式符号to的前面,而不是其后面。如: I promise never to smoke again. He asked the boy not to play games.He pretended not to see me. He warned the young man not to drive after drinking.2.不定式主动式的基本形式是to do,不定式被动式的基本形式则是to be done。如:There are 20 more trees to be planted. Your shoes need t

27、o be washed.注:下列情况常用不定式的主动来表示被动的含义:1. 在“形容词+ 不定式”结构作表语、宾补和定语时,其中形容词多为表示性质的词,如:easy, hard, good, difficult, interesting等。如:These apples are good to eat.2. 在too.to.结构中3. 在“疑问代词+ 不定式”结构中。动词不定式精选练习题单项选择1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Dont forget _ your h

28、omework with you when you come to school.A. to bringB. bringingC. to takeD. taking3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep4. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. to help withD. helps him

29、 with5. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cookB. cooksC. to cookD. cooked6. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing7. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns8. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. h

30、earing C. hear D. to hear9. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled10.The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him11.Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks12. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B

31、. doing C. did D. to do13. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with14. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered15. So much work usually makes them _very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel16.Your father is

32、 sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up himB. not to wake up himC. not wake him upD. not to wake him up17. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did18. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jumpB. to not jumpC. didnt jumpD. not jump19. The old man told the chil

33、d _noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not20.There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have, not to beB. have, not beC. be,not to beD. be, not be21. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has22.Why didnt you buy some bread o

34、n your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took23. Lets have a rest, shall we? Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. and write24. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. fliesB. flyingC. flewD. to fly25.

35、 A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happenB. happensC. happeningD. to happen26. -Would you like to go to the cinema with us?-Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I wouldB. I would likeC. I like toD. Id like to 27.The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. buildB. buildsC. to buildD. t

36、o be built28.Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry;to cry B. crying;crying C. cry;cry D. to cry;cry29. “ Have you decided when _?”“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. will you leaveD. are you leaving30. She pretended _ me when

37、 I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen31. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by theside of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest32. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking33. Is _ necessary to

38、 return the book tomorrow? A. this B. that C. it D. which34. - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going35. She did nothing _ at the photo.A. except lookB. but to lookC. except to lookD. but looking36. I prefer _ rather than _.A. read;watchB. to read;watchC. reading;to wa