初中英语代词讲义

1、 代 词一人称代词 1. 形式 人称代词的五种基本形式：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2. 人称代词的基本用法：主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前（疑问句式放在特殊动词后

2、）；e.gShe lives in Toronto, Canada.Does he speak English?宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；e.gYesterday my mother bought me a new bike.I usually go to movies with her on weekends.形容词性物主代词：用作句子的定语，之后必须带名词；e.gThis is my book. Thats his book.名词性物主代词：相当于一个名词词组，之后不能带名词；e.gHis book is much newer than mine(= my book).反身代

3、词：一般放在动词后，要求同主语人称一致。e.gShe teaches herself English.3、人称代词填空时的方法（步骤）-四步推断法确定应用形式 第一步：看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式；e.g Where does _ friend come from?A. you B. your C. yourselfD. yours注意：如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语，名词前用宾格。e.gMr. Smith teaches us English. 第二步：看其是否代换了名词词组，如是则用名词性物主代词，如不是则考虑其余三个；e.gThis isnt my p

4、en. _ is in my pencil case.A. IB. MeC. My D. Mine 第三步：看其是否在动词前，如在动词前，则用主格，如在动词后，则考虑剩下的两个；e.gNancy is much fatter than _ am.A. IB. meC. myD. myself 第四步：如在动词后，考虑其是否同主语人称一致，一致用反身代词，不一致则用宾格。e.gNobody teaches _ English. She teaches _.A. her; herB. herself; herselfC. her; herselfD. herself; her4. 几个人称代词连用

5、时的位置关系：1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称 > 第三人称 > 第一人称：you > he/she/it -> I You, he and I should return on time.2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称 > 第二人称 > 第三人称：we>you >They注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误，承担责任时， It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and

6、 you try to finish it.c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。 5. 名词性物主代词用作主语时，主谓一致关系：名词性物主代词用作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。e.gMy shoes are cheap. But his _ expensive.A. isB. areC. beD. am 6. 反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）以及所属关系的表示：（1）在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意其正确写法。e.gPlease help _ to some cakes, child

7、ren.A. youB. yourselfC. yourselvesD. your（ “help yourself to some”是一个固定句式（意为“请随便吃点”），我们可根据children认定对象为复数。）（2）在说明“某人自己的”时，不能用反身代词加所有格符号表示，而应用“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示。e.g错：He drove himselfs car to go camping last Sunday.对：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday. 7. 双重所有格：在“数词+名词+of+人称代词”这样的词组中，人称代词

8、应使用名词性物主代词，同of一起构成双重所有格形式。e.g错：Lucy is a good friend of me.对：Lucy is a good friend of mine. 二、 指示代词：表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词，有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是个好主意。三、 不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，

9、 something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：- Do you have a car? -你有一辆小汽车吗？- Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一辆。- I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。考虑表示“两者”还是“两者以上”：选用不定代词时，首先应根据上下文的关联以及句中某个关键词语对不定代词的限制，考虑其说明“两者”还是“两者以上”的人或物。如说明“两者”，选用both

10、、either、each或neither。如说明“两者以上”，选用all、（every）、each或none。e.g.The twin sisters are both good at math. None of the students in our class wants to go there.考虑表示肯定还是否定：选用不定代词时，还应根据句子意义考虑应该使用表肯定的词语还是表否定的词语。如说明肯定，使用all、both、either、each或（every）。如说明否定，使用neither或none。e.g.None of us wants more because we are al

11、l full.other：形容词，其后可带复数名词，如带单数可数名词，其前应加上适当的限定词；another：限定词，其后带单数可数名词；代词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（单数，泛指）；the other：限定词，其后可带名词；代词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（单数，定指）；others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（复数，泛指）；the others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（复数，定指）；注意：限定词同名词之间只能使用other。两个句式的用法（1）one the other 一个 另一个注意：使用该句式时，其前应出现说明具体数量的数词two；如出现的数

12、词大于two，one可以根据实际情况调整成其它数词；如出现的数词减去one或调整后的数词后仍大于“1”时，the other应变为the others或“the other + 数词”（两个数词相加应等于所给数词）。e.gThere are two apples here. One is for you, the other is for your sister.There are five apples here. Two are for you, the others are for your sister.There are five apples here. Two are for y

13、ou, the other three are for your sister.（2）some others 一些 另一些注意：使用该句式时，其前应出现说明不定数量的词语；如出现说明具体数量的数词，others前应加上the。e.g There are many people on the beach. Some are swimming, others are enjoying the sun.Mrs. Smith bought 25 books. Some were for her daughter; the others were for her son.四、 疑问代词有who，whom

14、，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。五、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。 ( )1. Mr. Li is _ English teache

15、r. He teaches _ English. A. us ; us B. our ; our C. us ; our D. our ; us( )2. Nobody teaches _ English. She teaches _. A. herself; herself B. her; herself C. her; her D. him; himself( )3. These are not his shoes. His _ black. A. is B. are C. was D. has( )4. This box of apples is for _. A. you and me

16、 B. you and I C. I and you D. me and you( )5. He is new here. So _ knows him. A. none B. everyone C. anybody D. no one( )6. Would you like to tell us _. A. interesting something B. interesting anything C. something interesting D. anything interesting( )7. Nobody went to see him, _? A. did he B. did

17、they C. didnt he D. didnt they ( )8. “ Would you like tea or coffee?” “ _. Id like some juice.” A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither( )9. There are many trees on _ sides of the street. A. either B. each C. both D. all ( )10. He bought two new books. One was French, _ was English. A. the other B. ano

18、ther C. other D. the others( )11. This pair of shoes doesnt fit me. Please show me _ pair. A. the other B. another C. other D. the others( )12. We cant finish the job in such a short time. We need _ hours. A. two another B. two more C. the other two D. two other( )13. What _ would you like to see? A

19、. else B. other C. another D. the other( )14. I think _ necessary for us to read English every morning. A. it B. that C. this D. what ( )15. “ _ is the man over there?” “He is our math teacher.” A. What B. Who C. How D. Where( )16. This is the most interesting story _ I have ever read. A. that B. wh

20、at C. who D. when( )17. “ _ is this book?” “I think its Marys.” A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Where ( )18. “ Excuse me. Have you got any ink?” “ Yes, but only _.” A. a little B. a few C. little D. few( )19. “ Which do you prefer, coffee or milk?” “ _ of them. Im very thirsty.”A. Either B. All C. Neithe

21、r D. None( )20. “ Do you prefer coffee or milk?” “ _. I usually drink tea.” A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None( )21. This is my sweater. Wheres _? A. he B. his C. she D. her( )22. Miss Black is our math teacher. She teaches _ math very well. A. our B. us C. ours D. ourselves ( )23.“Did you see Tony and Jack?” “No. Ive just come here. I saw _ of them.” A. either B. none C. neither D. each( )24. “ Whose eraser is this?” “ Its _.” A. me B. my C. mine D. myself( )25. “ Who is the best friend of _?” “ I think Helen is.” A.