祈使句详解及练习

1、英语祈使句（Imperative Sentence）一、定义用于农达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句了叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于衣达命令，因此 在学校代法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为般现在时，句末则 使用句号来衣示结束。例：Go and wash your hands.（去洗你的手。命令）Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet.）（请安静。一一请求）Be kind to our sister.对姊妹要和善。一一劝吿）Watch your steps.（走路小心。一一警告）Look out! Danger!（

2、小心！危险！ 一一强烈警告，已如感叹句）Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪。一一禁止）No parking.（禁止停车。一一禁止）祈使句也常把主语“You”农达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：（克立斯你去告诉他。）You go and tell him, Chris.二、农现形式肯定结构：1. Do型（即:动词原形（+宾语）+其它成分）。如:Please have a seat here.请这边坐。有的祈使句在虑思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走。2. Be型（即:Be +衣语（名词或形容词

3、）+其它成分）。如:Be a good boy!要做个好孩子!3. Let型（即:Let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分）。如:Let me help you.让我来帮你。否定结构：1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me!不要忘记我!Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种：“DorVt + let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+ not +动词原形+其它成分”。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go.别让他走3. 有些可用no开头,用来农示禁止性的祈使句

4、。如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!练习：将下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 请照看好您的包。.2. 让我们去学校吧！!3. 亲爱的，高兴点儿!4. 不要把书放这儿。5. 不要让猫进来。Key:1. Please look after your bag 2 Lets go to school3. Be glad, dear4. Dont put the book here5 Dont let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in汜琨带头的祈使句由汜瑞带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型

5、，它的主要用法有下列三种： 1农示“建议”。这个句型里的汜瑞后头紧跟着个第-人称的代词宾语，如：(1) Let me try.(2) Lets do it.(3) Let me go and look for it.这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:(4) a. Dont disturb himb Lets not disturb him(a)是宜接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。2. 表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing departme

6、nt(6) Let her join our choir.3. 农示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如：(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time用氾琨的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： let的否定句有二如果宾语是第三人称用？湯?敬?？(见例(9)：如果宾语是第人称，则用Letnot

7、(见例(10)：(9) Dont let this type of things happen again.(10) Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. ?瑞只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态(the passive voice),如：(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted ?琨后头除了是不带瑜屯的不定式动词仃he infinitive without

8、o)之外，还可以是某些适当的副 词，如 out, in, down, alone 等：(13) Let the puppy out.(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.(16) Let me alone, please 用?現?命时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用?馴生命时，并不包括对方，如：?咱们去吧，怎么样？ shall we, (17) Lets go(18) Let us go, will you?请(你)让我们去吧，行吗？(征求第三者的

9、意见)从(17)里的獐慨萊眠履和(18)里的睜汩?滦严，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句农示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词伸用原形。句了中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号 或者句号，用降调。1. 含有第二人称主语的祈使句Be careful!小心！Dont make such a noise.不要这么吵。2. 肯定的祈使句a. 句型：动词原形.(省略主语)Stand up.起立。Be quiet, please.请安静。b. 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加doDo sit down.务必请坐。Do study hard.淀要努力学习。比较祈使句和陈述句陈述句：You sit down

10、.你坐下来。祈使句：Sit down.坐下(省略主语you)c. 用客气的语气农示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please.但如果在句尾加please,那在please 之前一定要加一个逗号Go this way, please.请这边走。.d. 祈使句中如果有唤语，定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。Li Ming, come here.李明，过来。Come here. Li Ming.过来，李明。3 否定的祈使句句型：Donft +动词原形Dont swim in the river别在河里游泳。Dont be late别迟到。Please donft be noisy请不要人声喧哗。*

11、注盘衣示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用 钿o+名词/V-ing来农示。No smoking!禁止吸烟！No parking!禁止停车!No entry!不准入内!No litter!不准乱扔杂物!英语祈使句句型转换祈使句与陈述句的改写1. 祈使句=You must （陈述句）Come here 过来。=You must come here 你必须过来。2. Please + 祈使句二Will you （please）？（陈述句）Please help me 请帮帮我。=Will you （please） help m?你愿意帮我的忙吗?请准时到这儿。Come here on time,please

12、 .=Will you （please） come here on time ?请你准时到好吗?3. 含有第-、第三人称主语的祈使句Lets say good-by here我们在此道别吧。DorVt let him dothat again.别让他再那么做 了。（1）肯定的祈使句句型： Let+第人称（me, us）. Let+第三人称代词（宾格：him, her, it, them）或名词.Lets go at once咱们马上动身吧。Let me try again让我再试试。Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆 H 己去那儿。（2）否定的祈使句句型： Lefs +n

13、ot +动词原形.Dont let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.Lets not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。 Dont let them play with fire别让他们玩火。句型转换祈使句有时和当个“if”引导的条件状语从句。祈使句：Use your head and youll find a way.条彳牛句:If you use your head youll find a way祈使句变反总疑问句的方法：1. 祈使句后的反意疑问句形式shant we或shall we问句用，衣示we简短问句的主语用，衣示说话人向对方提出建议

14、a, Lets如：Lets have a cup of tea ,shall we (shant we)b, Let me或Let us 示听话人提出请求夕问句用will you或wont you .Let me have a rest, will you (wont you )c, 其它的祈使句后可以加个简短问句，使语气变得客气些.如:Have a restwill you Stand up . will (wont) you *注意回答Lets的反童疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes, lets.否定时用NO, lets not.语法练兵场单项选择1. The TV is too loud. P

15、leaseA. turn it down B. to turn it downC. turn down itD. to turn down it2. late again. Bill!A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not3cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B Wont C Doesnt D. Dont4 Please help me carry it,?A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we5 Dont make

16、 so much nois已?A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D do you6. Do you know the girlunder the tree?A. stand B. to stand C. standi ngD. stood7. Kate,your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B brings C to bring D bringing8. me the truth, or Ill be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell9 Ive kept the do

17、gMaomao for a long timeA. Name B n amedC n ami ng D to name10. Dont you know thatis good for our health?A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims 句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly?(改为祈使句)again more slowly, please12. If you dont listen to me, Ill go.(改为同义句)me, or r II go.13. Lets watch the

18、 sports games(改为反意疑问句)Lets watch the sports games,?14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless（改为祈使句）careless, please15. Please sit next to Nancy.（改为否定句）next to Nancy.16. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please（改为反总疑问句）Dont forget to turn off the lights,?17. If you move, youll die.（改为同义句）, or youll die.1& Come to my house tomorrow.