欧罗巴公园欧罗博格露天大型运动场

1、欧罗巴公园/欧罗博格露天大型运动场格罗宁根，荷兰，1998 / 2008当前的城市竞争体现在这样一种趋势：市政府要把越来越多的市民的和公用的事件组织在一起。城市的这样一种“节日化”的趋势的目标在于使它们能够参与更广泛的公众活动。作为一个位于荷兰北部的中心城市，格罗宁根也卷入了这场全球性的争夺闲暇空间的竞争。在它的南端，在一个将要出现的街区的中央，一个从前的工业区将要被改造成一个新型的居住和工作环境。这个总体规划也包括混合式的住宅和办公大楼区。这个新区域还得益于靠近文化中心和属于城市交通运输系统这样的事实。它在将市周边和市中心连接起来的、改建了的街区中占据一个关键的位置。FC·格罗宁根

2、的一个新型的露天大型运动场将出现在这片居住与办公混合的土地上，给如今还闲置的区域填上内容。通过一个新的建筑环境，一个普通的足球运动场将变成一个融娱乐、购物、运动、工作和居住为一炉的城市综合体。与那种一年仅仅使用30天的体育设施不同，这个运动场被设计得可以容纳20，000名观众，而其轮廓还是可以移动的。意大利城市卢卡的圆形剧场为这片建筑起到了典范的作用。在几个世纪的发展中，它演变成了一片由一个环形的、具有多种用途的双重建筑包围的广场。乌斯特普尔特露天运动场哈勒姆，荷兰，2001这个处在哈勒姆周边的一个生态区域之中的露天大型运动场，标志着一项新发展的开始。这项新发展就是沿着该城市的主干道之一 阿姆

3、斯特丹大街进行建筑。通过把体育场设施融入社交、停车、工作和居住等活动之中，确定了一种新型的建筑典范；而把建筑规划尽量压缩的结果则是：运动场的覆盖面积被保持在了最小限度。一块巨大的横板（上面有许多箱形建筑）遮住整个运动场，犹如一块切好的积木，而且，又好像在荷兰的围海造田风景上面翱翔。足球场高高地处在一个多功能大厅的顶端，面积与后者一样大，二者共用那个大厅和许多服务设施。停车场（可以经由现有的一座桥到达）不仅是供下面的公共区域使用的，也是供上面的旅馆、阁楼和办公室使用的。光隙经过上面的建筑的外孔继续延伸。它们不仅为巨型建筑提供光源和确定方向，也从视觉上将众多的功能空间连接起来。一些具体的视点可以让

4、你一眼就瞥见整个断面。该建筑物是可调的，以便能够适应不同的规划和空间要求。一方面，一种动态的斜向柱状结构划定了公共活动地带；另一方面，多层的室内停车场的构造是一个合理的格子结构。你可以通过楼梯从任何单元和阁楼到达建筑的顶层。整个简支柱的格子结构就好像森林中的树木一样任意地铺展开来。一方面，停车场里是循环式的车轮的无规律的排列，而另一方面，均一的正面图案又将各种箱式结构统一了起来。两栋住宅楼鹿特丹，荷兰，1992 / 1995。在鹿特丹这座被流水网络自然地切割开来的城市里，这个两栋的住宅建筑就好像突然地插入了其中。这个工程的位置是一片古老的商业区。新桥的作用不仅是把马斯河的两边连接起来，同时也通

5、过建立一个垂直的空间把两座高楼分割开来。建筑的巨大之感觉被一个玻璃楔块给抵消，后者制造了一种漂浮的高楼群的万花筒般的景观，明显地与重力的逻辑相违背。住宅楼被组织得井井有条，足以容纳停车场、大厅、大咖啡馆和技术服务室。堆在玻璃楔块上方的是翱翔般的大块建筑，其外层是黑色的混凝土。它含有公共停车场、储藏室、休息室、游泳池、桑那浴室和一个室外花园。两座高楼就挺立在这个建筑之上，垂直地伸入蓝天。它们由290个单元组成，共有29层。原文：Europark / Euroborg StadiumGroningen, The Netherlands, 1998 / 2008The current rivalry

6、 among cities is reflected in the tendency of city governments to organize an increasing number of civic and public events. Such a »festivalisation« of cities aims at their reaching a wider presence in the public domain. Groningen, a city centrally located in the northern part of the Nethe

7、rlands, is also taking part in this global competition for leisure programs. On its southern edge, at the center of a neighborhood in the process of redevelopment, a former industrial area will be converted into a new living and working environment. The general program also includes mixed housing an

8、d office parks. The new district benefits from its proximity to the cultural center and its connection to the urban transportation system. It occupies a key position in the redeveloped neighborhood which links the periphery to the city center. A new stadium complex of FC Groningen will provide its i

9、dentity to the mixed housing and office park which will cover the now vacant area. An ordinary soccer stadium changes into a piece of urbanity by means of a new »envelope« which consists of structures for entertaining, shopping, sporting, working and living. In contrast to a facility which

10、 is used only thirty days a year for sports events, this stadium is defined as an architectural void for 20.000 spectators with a fluctuating contour. The Italian city of Luccas amphitheater served as a model for this urban development. Over the centuries, it was transformed into a plaza enclosed by

11、 a double structural ring of mixed uses.Stadium OostpoortHaarlem, The Netherlands, 2001The stadium, located in an ecological zone at Haarlems periphery marks the beginning of a new development along one of the citys main inroads, the Amsterdamsevaar. By sandwiching the stadium facilities with public

12、 amenities, parking, working and living, a new building prototype is defined, and by stacking the program, the stadiums footprint area is kept to a minimum. A horizontal slab (roofed by numerous box structures) contains the stadium - a kind of cut-out - and seems to hover above the Dutch polder land

13、scape. The soccer field is elevated on top of a multi-purpose hall with the same floor area, both share the foyer and a number of service facilities. The parking lobby (accessible via the existing bridge) serves the public areas below, but also the hotel, lofts and offices above. Light slits continu

14、e the outer gaps of the upper structure. They not only provide light and orientation in the huge building, but also link the various functional spaces visually. Specific points afford views of a complete cross section »at one glance«. The structure is variable so that it can accommodate th

15、e different programmatic and spatial requirements. While a sort of »dynamic diagonal column structure« defines the public zones, the organization of the multi-story parking garage is based on a rational grid. Its top floor gives direct access, via stairs, to all the apartments and lofts an

16、d makes the simple column grid spread out in a random pattern like trees in a forest. While an irregular arrangement of recycled car wheels covers the car lobby, a homogeneous facade pattern unifies the hybrid boxes.Two residential blocksRotterdam, The Netherlands, 1992/1995.The structure of the two

17、 residential blocks is an intervention in the center of Rotterdam, a city that is naturally incised by a network of flowing waters. The site of the project is an old commercial trade ground.The new bridge functions not only as a linkage between both sides of the river Maas but also as an object that

18、 separates the two towers by creating a vertical void between the them.The massiveness of the volume is negated by the introduction of a glass wedge that creates a panorama of floating towers which are apparently disobeying the logic of gravity. The residual spaces are well organized to accommodate the parking spaces, the hall of the towers, the grand cafe and the technical rooms. Stacked on top of the glass wedge is the hovering volume skinned in black concrete mantle. It contains the c