科技英语翻译2.

1、第六章 科技英语翻译English for Science and Technology 第二部分 Part TwoProcedures of today: l Translation of numerals l Partially negative sentences l Attributive clauses l Translation of scientific reportl Writing and converting of thesis abstractl Exercises in class Expression of numerals l Integer¡ Cardi

2、nal number l 1,234,567,890,123(thousand, million, billion, trillion)¡ Ordinal number l Decimal¡ 0.56, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001l Fraction¡ ¼ , ¾ , 2/3, l Percentage ¡ 58%, 0.97%, 230%l Numerals should not be used to start sentences¡ 10 of the 32 samples had traces of the mi

3、neral.¡ Ten of the 32 samples had traces of the mineral.l Large numbers are written in numerals while numbers that are less than ten should be spelt out¡ Thirty members of this group work together for 80 to 90 minutes each time, three or four times a week. ¡ 这个由30人组成的小组每周进行三到四次的实验，每次实

4、验时间为80到90分钟。倍数增减和比较的汉译l 不包括基数增加的表示法（只有一种） + as + adj. + again + as +l The leads of the new condenser are as long again as those of the old.l 新型电容器的引线长度比旧式的加长了一倍。l The output of this one is half again as powerful as that one.l 这台（电机）的出力比那台大一半。倍数增减和比较的汉译 l 倍数增加倍数增加、比较的汉译l 将英文译成不包含基数的汉语句式时应在原文的倍数上减一，即为

5、n-1倍l The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.l 译1：各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。（不含基数）l 译2：各种立体声录音机的产量是1977年的四倍。 （包含基数）l The output of color television receivers increased by a factor of 3 last year.l 去年彩色电视接收机的产量增加了二倍。（不含基数）l 去年彩色电视接收机的产量增加到原来的三倍。（包含基数）l T

6、he speed of the new pump is five times higher than that of the old one. l 新泵的转速比旧泵高四倍。（不含基数）l 新泵的转速是旧泵的五倍。（包含基数）l The station had an initial output of 15,000 h.p, three times as high as the Niagara station.l 这座发电站的最初输出功率是15000马力，是尼亚加拉发电站的三倍。（包含基数）l 这座发电站的最初输出功率是15000马力，比尼亚加拉发电站高出两倍。（不含基数）l The mass

7、of a proton is 1836 times that of an electron.l 质子的质量是电子质量的1836倍。（包含基数）l 质子的质量比电子质量大1835倍。（不含基数）Some more examples l The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency four times.l 这台机器改变了劳动条件，并使效率提高了三倍。l 这台机器改变了劳动条件，并使效率提高到原来的四倍。l If the resistance is doubled without changing the vol

8、tage, the current becomes only half as strong. l 若电压不变，电阻增加到原来的两倍，电流就减少二分之一。l 若电压不变，电阻增加一倍，电流就减少一半。l “Concord” can fly at twice the speed of sound.l “协和式”飞机能以两倍于音速的速度飞行。l “协和式”飞机能以高出音速一倍的速度飞行。Examples merit attentionl Under high pressure the particles beneath the crust are 2000-fold more than normal

9、.l 高压下表壳下的粒子数是常压下的2000倍。l 高压下表壳下的粒子数比常压下多1999倍。l The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before. l 这种被视为废物的辐射使X射线科学发生了一场革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了一百万倍。l This materi

10、al is ten times better than that one.l 这种材料比那种要强十倍。倍数减少的译法l 英语中表示减小时也常用倍数来表示，汉译时应转换成分数。翻译为“减小为原来的1/n”或“减小了（n-1）/n”l The automatic assembly line can shorten the assembling period by ten times.l 自动装配线能够缩短装配期十分之九。l This metal is three times as light as that one.l 这种金属比那种金属轻三分之二。l If the radius of the c

11、oil were tripled, the field would be reduced to one third of its original strength. l 假如线圈的半径增大到了三倍，磁场强度会减少到原来强度的1/3。l 假如线圈的半径增大到了三倍，磁场强度会减少2/3。More examplesl The equipment under development will reduce the error probability by a factor of 7.l 正在研制的设备将使误差率减小到1/7。l This new kind of insulting film is

12、twice thinner than ordinary one, but its property is quite good. l 这种新式绝缘薄膜的厚度只是普通薄膜的一半，但性能相当好。l The moon has a mass nearly one hundred times less than the earths.l 月球的质量几乎是地球的百分之一。部分否定句的汉译l 含有“整体”或“多数”意义的总括词 (all, every, both, always, many, often, altogether, entirely等)+ not 构成部分否定l I dont know all

13、 of the meters.l 这些仪表，我并非全都熟悉。l In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of the coal is not converted into electric power.l 在热电站中，煤中的化学能并非全都能转化为电能。l 总括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的单词表示全部否定l All germs are invisible to the naked eye.l 所有细菌肉眼都看不见。定语从句的汉译：l Newton whose name is well-know in the world establis

14、hed three laws of motion. l 世界闻名的牛顿创立了运动三大定律。l A fuel is such a material as will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.l 燃料是种在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量的物质。l Air moves from places where the pressure is high to places where the pressure is low. l 空气从压力高的地方流向压力高的地方。l One of the compelling reasons why t

15、he electric furnace is presently attracting much attention as a method for steel-making derives from this fact. l 现在电炉作为一种炼钢方法，其引人注目的原因之一，就是基于这个事实。l The ability of a surface to radiate energy is governed by the material of which the surface is composed and its physical condition.l 物体表面辐射能量的能力取决于构成该表

16、面的材质与其物理状态。l Fig. 1 incorporates many of the factors which must be considered in developing a satisfactory system.l 图1所示的许多因素，在研制性能良好的系统时必须予以考虑。l The chemical properties of a certain element which depend on the arrangement of these electrons, particular the outer, are the same.l 元素的化学性质取决于电子（尤其是外层电子

17、）的排列方式，在这一点上各元素是一样的。l Corrosion is an electro-chemical process by which a metal, such as mild steel, returns to its natural state, such as iron oxide or rust. l 腐蚀是一种电化学过程，在这一过程中向低碳钢一类的金属，会因此而回复到其自然状态，如氧化铁或铁锈状态。l In most parts of the sea, there are millions of tiny living things that can be hardly s

18、een with our eyes. l 在大部分海域里，生存着无数的微生物，用肉眼是看不到的。l A transformer is a piece of electrical distribution equipment, by means of which it is possible to change the voltage.l 变压器是一种电力分配设备，用它可以改变电压。l Einstein, who worked out the famous theory of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in 1921.l 由于爱因斯坦提出了著名的“相对论”理

19、论，因此它于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖。l Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily. l 物质具有一定的特征，因此我们能很容易的识别它。 More examplesl The way in which the parts of a machine are interconnected and guided to produce a required output motion from a given input motion is known as the mechanism

20、 of the machine. l 为了从一定的输入运动产生所需输出运动，人们把机器的各个零件以某种方式相互连接和导向，这种方式称为机器的机构。l An amendment is a design change of a minor nature introduced after production manufacture which does not affect any of the items listed hereunderinterchangeability, safety and performance.l “修正”是一种次要的设计更改，这种更改是在生产制造后实施的，并不影响下

21、面所列的任何项目：产品的互换性、安全性和性能。 Translation of scientific report科技报道的翻译l 科技报道：包括简讯、科技评论、会议消息、人物介绍、新产品专栏、书评等l 科技报道：标题 + 正文l Airlines studies Jet Fuel Contamination. 航空公司正研究喷气燃料受污染问题。l Underground Test in U.S. 美国进行了一次地下核试验l French optimistic about adoption of digital TV standard 法国对采取数字式电视标准表示乐观l 标题特点：简明、新奇，突

22、出内容科技论文摘要的翻译l 科技论文：科学技术报告、学术论文l 科技论文结构： 标题+摘要+引言+正文+结论+文献+致谢l 科技论文摘要类型：§ 报道性/信息性文摘：论文的内容要点§ 指示性文摘：论文的特点和信息§ 混合性文摘：§ 评论性文摘：评价作用、意义、影响l 报道性文摘：科研的目的+方法+结果+结论+附带结果+其他情报l 编写顺序：（1）目的方法结果结论 l （2）结果结论方法l 科技论文标题：简短精练、突出主题l 英文论文标题：通常由介词短语与名词词组构成，字母通常大写l E.g.l 谱系学：话语哲学范式转换述评 Genealogy Revie

23、w of Paradigm Changes of Discourse Philosophyl 符号学视野中的网络互动 Semiotic Perspective on Cyberspace Interactionl 铝及铝合金正反向及压力比较 Comparison between Direct and Indirect Extrusion Forces of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy l 摘要 本文通过对“热寂说”产生的历史过程进行考察，阐述了“热寂”提出后在科学上和哲学上所引发的主要争论及其意义，并指出，大爆炸宇宙论虽然宣告了热寂说的终结，但并不能避免宇宙未来

24、在另一种意义上的“热寂”。“热寂”的危机仍然存在，“热寂说”并未真正终结。 关键词 热寂说 宇宙 大爆炸理论l Abstract The paper, with a historical survey of the advent of the Heat Death Theory, discusses the major disputes over the Heat Death Theory both in the fields of science and philosophy and points out that though Big Bang theory eventually pron

25、ounced the death of the classical Heat Death Theory, it nevertheless can not claim for sure that the whole universe will not suffer Heat Death or Cold Death in another sense. The Heat Death crisis still looms large ahead. The Heat Death Theory has by no means really died out. Key words the Heat Deat

26、h Theory the whole universe Big Bang theory l 摘要 车身设计在汽车设计中，占有及其重要的作用。本文根据现代设计方法的要求，在与传统设计相比较的基础上，对客车车身造型设计、零部件有限元分析、内饰设计、色彩设计及其一体化设计方法进行了研究，增加了各设计阶段之间的相关性以达到协同设计的目的。 关键词 客车车身设计 有限元分析 内饰设计 色彩设计l Abstract The body design is of great importance in bus design. On the basis of comparing traditional and

27、modern design methods, the authors of this paper illustrate the research they have made on the integrated design method of body modeling, finite element analysis of parts, interior ornament and color design which satisfies the requirements of the modern design method. This research helps to increase

28、s the relativity of different design phases for the realization of good cooperative design. Key words modeling of bus body finite element analysis interior ornament color design l 摘要 将定性和模糊性评价合理地转化为定量评价，进而选择最优设计解，是产品创新设计过程中重要的一步。论文运用模糊综合评判与比较的方法，以Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 为软件平台，建立了一个计算机辅助的设计方案择优系统。

29、该系统提供了对产品设计方案进行定量评价和择优，以及对择优结果存档、调用和打印等功能。 关键词 产品创新设计 方案择优 模糊综合评判l Abstract It is a very important procedure of product design to transform rationally fuzzy and qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation for optimum solution. This paper introduces a computer-aided selection system for optim

30、um solution to product design. The system is established on the platform of Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 with the method of fuzzy comprehensive judgment and comparison. It has the functions of quantitative evaluation, selection of the optimum design solution, filing, consulting and printing of the opt

31、imized results. Key words innovative product design selection of optimum solution fuzzy comprehensive judgment 科技文体汉译英原则l 科技英语专业术语性强，汉译英时强调术语翻译的准确性l 科技英语大量使用抽象名词和介词，汉译英时注意动态语言和静态语言的转换l 科技英语时态变化不明显，汉译英时多采用一般现在时l 科技英语陈述语气较多，汉译英时多采用陈述语气l 科技英语被动语态和非人称句使用较多，汉译英时应进行必要转换l 科技英语衔接性强，汉译英时应注意增添必要的衔接手段以保证语义连贯l

32、中国已成功地发射了第一颗试验通讯卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。l The successful launching of Chinas first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development

33、 of carrier rockets and electronics.l 炒钢的原料是生铁。把生铁加热到液态或半液态，靠鼓风或撒入精矿粉，使硅、锰、碳氧化，让碳量降低到钢的成分范围。炒钢多是一种低碳钢；控制得好，也有中碳钢、高碳钢；有时也得到熟钢。l The raw material of puddling steel is cast iron, which is first heated to a liquid or semi-liquid state. The silicon, manganese and carbon are then oxidized by wind blowers

34、or the addition of fine ore powder so that the carbon content is lowered to within the limits of steel composition. Pudduling steel is mostly low-carbon steel. When the process is well controlled it could also be medium-carbon or high-carbon steel, or it might be wrought iron. l 到了清代康熙年间，我国大规模地开展全国性

35、地图测量工作，绘制皇舆全图的时候，吸取了欧洲制图理论中考虑大地是球面的优点，进行经纬度测量，并且采用了地图投影方法。但是我国传统的制图理论，讲求比例尺寸、方位和距离的准确，仍然是测绘地图所必须遵守的重要原则。l During the reign of the Emperor Kang Xi (1662 -1722) in the Qing Dynasty, a complete geographical survey of the empire was carried out in preparing Huang Yu Quan Tu (Complete Atlas of the Imperi

36、al Domain). The European method of regarding the earths surface as a sphere was adopted. Latitude and longitude surveys were done and the projection method was used in drawing the map. Nevertheless, the traditional Chinese rules of map-making accurate proportion, correct orientation and precise distance were closely adhered to by cartographers of those days. Exercises in class:l Wheel A turns as fast again as wheel B.l The input is again as great as the output.l Being wet increases the flow of heat from the bo