考点38完形填空之说明文-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过

1、考点38完形填空之说明文。二）考点详解一、命题特点分析：1 .开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节 的前提。2 .结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻 辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3 .难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为 复杂。4 .说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事 物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。5 .说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或

2、事理。 二、解题方法：1 .快速弄清文章大意。对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往 生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2 .弄清楚说明的顺序。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3 .把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻 辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支 持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解

3、细节 的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4 .注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服"思维定势"，根据全文大意和 词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5 .熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。(2)语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的 是不合语境逻辑的。(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。Ha

4、ve you learned about table manners in China? Here I will introduce some.It is a traditional 1 for Chinese people to eat with chopsticks. Each person at table will have a pair of chopsticks, and there is also an extra pair 2 is for public use.You should remember that you ' 3re to let the elders i

5、n the family sit and eat first. If they don , everyone else shouldn ' t staher. And then you should make a 4 to them.While eating, it is very rude to eat with a loud5. And you ' d better not speak while food is still inyour6. Do not()nly eat one dish even if that is your favorite.People usua

6、lly goout of their way to cook delicious food to make you7 at home, but when theysay, " The dishes areni ' delicious. I8 you don' mind, " you must not say, " Yeah, that'trse, but Idon ' t mind.9_, it is a typical( 典型的)word which can show one of the Chinese qualities 10

7、.You should answer,"1. A. point2. A. which3. A. allowed4. A. report5. A. voice6. A. plate7. A. feelReally? I don ' t think so. It is the best taste of any dish that is new to me.B. orderC.methodD.customB. whoC.whereD. whenB. consideredC.supposedD. invitedB. researchC.bowD. toastB. smileC.no

8、iseD. cryB. mouthC.handD.bowlB. arriveC.eatD. aim8. A. realizeB.suggestC.expectD.believe9. A. HoweverB.ActuallyC.InsteadD.Finally10. A. honestB.proudC.modestD.serious（二）Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the wor

9、ld, it 1 to snow the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it to 2 a lot of noise in a restauran t. In fact, if a restaurant isn' t noisy, andj may think there ' ssomething wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are 4 places. If people at a table talk to

10、o loud, other people who are eating there might even 5 to the owner of the restaurant.Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for6. Inwestern countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients （宴请宾客）,but 7 friends eat together, they u

11、sually share the cost. This is called " going Dutch （均摊费用 ）".Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the 8. This is called " leaving a tip " . Leaving a tip is thought to be polite.In the U.S., it ' s 9 to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bi

12、ll, which is decided by how good the service（服务）is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can 10 the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Indian foods, for example, are popular all over the world.1. A. popul

13、arB. difficultC. importantD. enjoyable2. A. causeB.keepC. hearD. make3. A. livelyB. friendlyC. luckyD. polite4. A. noisyB. quietC. busyD. clean5. A. shoutB. explainC. complainD.speak6. A. everybodyB.nobodyC. somebodyD.none7. A. untilB. whenC. unlessD. since8. A. gatekeeperB. sellerC. waiterD. visito

14、r9. A. terribleB. commonC. seriousD. unusual10. A. inventB. discoverC. preferD. find真题再现(一)【2019 ?广东省深圳市】Nowadays, lots of foreigners are learning Chinese. Like many of them, I 16 knew two words of Chinese (" Ni Hao " and " Xie Xie " ) when I first came to Beijing, China in 2009.

15、 As you can guess, my life was17 for a while after I arrived. Simple tasks like ordering food or taking a taxi were quitestressful.I knew I had to learn more Chinese, so I 18 a Chinese class. My teacher was 19, although Ididn ' le arn enough to have a real conversation. Later I studied on my own

16、 as well, but my progress was still slow. And I decided to 20.Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing.He taught me a lot of 21 about music, such as " melody " . He learned a lot of English from me in return, so it was a

17、good way to 22 language and culture.I have learned enough Chinese to 23 many problems like booking train tickets. These days, there are more foreigners who are studying Chinese. I can 24 why it ' s an amazing language. Fina11yound that the best way to learn a 25 is to make friends with native sp

18、eakers and spend time with them.16. A. usuallyB. onlyC. hardly17. A. easyB. interestingC. difficult18. A. missedB. attendedC. taught19. A. helpfulB. cheerfulC. thankful20. A. make upB. put upC. give up21. A. wordsB. namesC. jokes22. A. changeB. imagineC. exchange23. A. deal withB. look forC. think o

19、f24. A. hopeB. realizeC. doubt25. A. languageB. subjectC. task（二）【2019 ?黑龙江省哈尔滨市】The summer vacation is coming. During the vacation, you can do what you like and prepare yourself for the future. You ' ll enjoy this period of time to the fullest with the help of the following _21_.Take exercise.

20、After working hard for months, you must be bored. Taking exercise is the best way to get _22_ again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise _23_ your health.Master some basic life skills. You will live an _24_ life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary

21、and useful skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you can help your parents _25_ housework to express your thanks to them.Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don ' travel only read one page. Travelling is so_26_. Have you made your own travel plan? If not, do it

22、_27_! During the trip, you willhave a chanceto learn more knowledge. While learning about different cultures and customs. You will also make a lot of friend.Enjoy time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They give you love, care and support all the time. Don'

23、 t 28_ to spare some time to get together with them. You will find _29_ great to stay with them, talking about dreams, hobbies or anything you like._30_ you follow what is mentioned above, you will have a wonderful vacation.21. A. suggestionsB. classesC. teams22. A. dangerB. moneyC. energy23. A. are

24、 good atB. are good forC. are good with24. A. asleepB. impoliteC. independent25. A. forB. withC. to26. A. terribleB. uselessC. interesting27. A. so farB. at onceC. no longer28. A. forgetB. to forgetC forgetting29. A. itB. oneC. that30. A. ThoughB. Even ifC. As long as（三）【2019 ?湖南省岳阳市】Have you ever b

25、een to Thailand? For thousands of tourists from China, this small country in Southeast Asia isan excellent place to 1. Bangkok （曼谷）is the 2 of Thailand. There are many temples （寺庙） inBangkok. You can 3 some monks （僧侣） walking along the streets.The 4 time to visit Thailand is from April 13th to 15th

26、, because it is the time of 5People sing,dance and go on the streets to 6 water at each other. The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck.choice sh eiethis5cmanyhotelsOn the one hand, beaches and sunshine are a lot of travelers facing the sea, so you can have fun

27、on the beach or 7 in the sea. On the other hand, Thailand is a good place to try 8 food. You can eat seafood at any restaurant or buy some tropical （热带的） fruit such as mangoes and durians （榴莲） at 9 prices.If you go to Thailand, you won ' t forget to 10 an elephant. The elephant is a symbol of Th

28、ailand. It believed that Thailand is one of the most fascinating travel places.1.A.take a holidayB. take the busC.take risks2.A.worldB. countrysideC. capital3.A.hearB. seeC.listen4.A.mostB. worstC.best5.A.the Water FestivalB. ChristmasC.Thanksgiving6.A. lookB. throwC.arrive7.A. swimB. walkC.lose8.A.

29、 terribleB. sourC.delicious9.A. cheapB. expensiveC.low10. A.hitB. rideC.drive（四）（2018年江苏省徐州市）What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their1. Here are two imaginationsabout the world of 2. When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own persona

30、lflying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights,3 roads and speeding tickets.4, some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if 6 become popular,

31、 there will surely be toomuch air traffic .7it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off theground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 8. Several companies are trying to build a practical robot"exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which

32、follows your movement. It will 9 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 10 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury （受伤）.But the disadvantage at the moment is the 12Even a simple

33、 suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 13 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending （弯曲） suit could 1

34、4 the wrong way car above our heads.So in the future, 15 we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.1. A. suggestionsB. instructionsC. opinionsD. reasons2. A. pastB. yesterdayC. presentD. tomorrow3. A. emptyB. wideC. busyD. dirty4. A

35、. MoreoverB. InsteadC. In factD. However5. A. put downB. break downC. write downD. calm down6. A. theyB. youC. weD. I7. A. AndB. ButC. SoD. or8. A. glovesB. suitC. helmetD. shoes9. A. askB. wishC. inviteD. allow10. A. beautifulB. peacefulC. colorfulD. useful11. A. diseaseB. holidayC. workD. party12.

36、 A. qualityB. priceC. needD. number13. A. chancesB. powerC. restD. experience14. A. hurtB. attractC. protectD. attack15. A. whetherB. unlessC. althoughD. until1 G二模拟检测（一）（2018-2019学年芜湖市九年级第一学期英语期末试卷）Colour is a part of life. The whole world is full of colours. Almost 1 has a colour. Some things are

37、yellow like cheese, lemons and bananas. 2 things are red. For example, warning signs are usually red. 3 is the colour of most spring leaves and grass.4 is blue? Blue is the colour of 5 .We can also see the blue sky, blue eyes, blue birds and blue jeans. There are many 6 colours too, such as orange,

38、brown, purple, white and black.The world changes its colours with the 7 of the year. Spring is green. Summer is red. It turns gold inautumn and then 8 in winter. When winter is gone and spring is back, the world turns green again. Whenwinter is gone and spring comes back, the world turns green again

39、.9 a rainstorm you may see something that has many different colours in the sky. It is a rainbow.But 10 different colours, can you imagine what the world looks like?1. A. none2. A. FewB. nothingB. A littleC. somethingC. Lots ofD. everythingD. Little3. A. GreenB. RedC. YellowD. Blue4. A. WhenB. WhatC

40、. WhoD. Why5. A. the sunB. grassC. seaD. ground6. A. otherB. anotherC. extraD. else7. A. monthsB.seasonsC. daysD. weeks8. A. redB. greenC. yellowD. white9. A. UntilB. AfterC. BeforeD. But10. A. withB. withoutC. forD. within（一）（吉林省长春市朝阳区20182019学年度上学期9年级期末考试）My parents usually celebrate a special day

41、 by enjoying a special kind of ice wine called Canadian ice wine.My mother 1 told me the story of ice wine. To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine（葡萄树）.You might think this is strange, 2 it is true. Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident. And t hat ' s exactly3we got i

42、ce wine.In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from4 farm in the autumn. The weather suddenlyturned5and his grapes froze. When he tasted the grapes, to his 6, the grapes tasted so sweet. Then,he 7 to use these grapes to make some wine. Guess what? People really liked his wine. For two centuries, 8w

43、as the only place making ice wine. Then a Canadian got the idea that this kind of wine could be 9 inCanada. After all, the winters are col d in Canada and that ' s the m0in for making ice wine. After hard work, some grape farmers 11 the best process, and soon Canadian ice wine began to be sold a

44、ll over the world. The story of ice wine got me thinking. What other inventions came about 12? It ' s really hard to imagine theworld 13 penicillin（青霉素）that has saved millions of lives. And the microwave has certainly changed the way we 14.Life is sometimes like that. Something even better comes

45、 along 15 we keep our eyes and mind open.1. A. onceB. alsoC. onlyD. never2. A. andB. butC. ifD. so3. A. whyB. whenC. howD. where4. A. hisB. ourC. yourD. her5. A. hotB. wetC. dryD. cold6. A. sadnessB. surpriseC. worryD. shyness7. A. refusedB. forgotC. decidedD. failed8. A. CanadaB. EnglandC. FranceD.

46、 Germany9. A. foundB. producedC. soldD. ordered10. A. requirementB. achievementC. instrumentD. development11. A. gave upB. made upC. cared aboutD. found out12. A. by heartB. in halfC. by accidentD. in secret13. A. amongB. throughC. exceptD. without14. A. cookB. sleepC. restD. exercise15. A. becauseB

47、. ifC. unlessD. though跟踪训练【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中国传统的餐桌文化，包括：吃饭用筷子，先让老人开始并向老人祝酒； 吃饭时不可大声地吃，嘴里有饭时不可说话；主人谦虚说饭菜不好时，要夸赞他。1. D【解析】句意：用筷子吃饭是中国人的传统习俗。A. point要点；B. order秩序；C. method方法；D. custom习俗。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选Do2. A【解析】句意：餐桌上的每个人都有一双筷子，另外还有一双供公共使用。A. which那，指前面提到的事物；B. who谁，指人；C. where在哪儿，指地点；D. when在什么时候，表时间。 an

48、extra pair是表物的名词，需用 which做引导词。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选 Ao3. C【解析】句意：你要记住，你应该让家里的老人先坐下来吃饭。A. allowed允许；B. considered经过仔细考虑的；C. supposed建议；D. invited邀请。be supposed应该。根据句意和上下文提示，可知 ABD三项意思都与句意不符，故选Co4. D 【解析】句意：然后你应该向他们祝酒。A. report报告；B. research研究；C. bow鞠躬；D. toast干杯。make a toast祝酒，敬酒。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选 D。5. C【解析】句意

49、：吃东西时，发出很大的声音是很不礼貌的。A. voice嗓音；B. smile微笑；C. noise喧闹；D. cry哭喊。be rude to do sth.粗鲁地做某事。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。6. B【解析】句意：你最好不要在食物还在嘴里时说话。A. plate盘子；B. mouth嘴；C. hand手；D. bowl碗。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选Bo7. A【解析】句意：人们通常会外出烹调美味的食物，让你有家的感觉。A. feel感觉；B. arrive到达；C.eat吃；D. aim对准。根据句意和上下文提示，可知 BCD三项都不合句意，故选 A。8. C【解析】句意：这些

50、菜不好吃。我希望你不介意。A. realize意识到；B. suggest建议；C. expect希望；D. believe相信。mind介意，本句和上一句构成因果关系，根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。9. B【解析】句意：其实，这是一个典型的词，可以显示一个中国的素质一一谦虚。A. However然而；8. Actually实际上；C. Instead反而；D. Finally最后。根据句意和建议，联系上下文，可知 ACD均 不合句意，故选BoCoA. honest 诚实；B. proud10. C【解析】句意：其实，这是一个典型的词，可以显示一个中国的素质一一谦虚。骄傲；C. modest

51、谦虚；D. serious认真。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选（二）【文章大意】文章介绍世界上不同的国家的就餐习惯不同。1. C【解析】句意：当你去世界不同的地方的餐馆时，知道哪些是正确的哪些是错误的很重要。A. popular流行的，受欢迎的；B. difficult困难的；C. important重要的；D. enjoyable快乐的；根据句意故选 C。2. D【解析】句意：比如，在中国吃饭时发出很大声音是可以的。A. cause造成，引起，强调引起后果；B. keep保持；C. hear听见；D. make制造，make a noise发出噪音；根据句意故选D。3. A 【解析】句意：事实

52、上，如果一个餐馆没有什么吵闹声不那么活跃，你可能会认为这个餐馆有问题。根据上文it's OK to 2 a lot of noise in a restaurant.在中国吃饭时发出很大声音是可以的。可知，在餐馆没有噪音，好像就没有生气似的。A. lively活泼的，生气勃勃的； B. friendly友好的；C.lucky幸运的；D. polite礼貌的；根据句意故选A。4. B【解析】句意：但是在一些西方国家，餐馆都是一些安静的地方。根据后文If people at a table talk tooloud, other people who are eating there mi

53、ght even 5 to the owner of the restaurant. 可知餐馆是个安静的地方；A. noisy吵闹的；B. quiet安静的；C. busy繁忙的；D. clean干净的；根据句意故选 B。5. C【解析】句意：如果就餐的人说话声音太大，在那里就餐的其他人会向餐馆老板抱怨。根据上句餐馆都是一些安静的地方。可知客人不满意， 向老板抱怨；A. shout喊，叫；B. explain解释；C. complain抱怨；D. speak说；根据句意故选 C。6. A 【解析】句意：在中国，一个人会为一起吃饭的每个人付钱。根据中国的风俗习惯，通常是一个人为所有的人付钱；A.

54、 everybody 每个人；B. nobody 没有人；C. somebody某人；D. none没有一个；根据句意故选A。7. B【解析】句意：但是，当朋友们一起吃饭时，他们会各自付账。 A. until直到；B. when当时候；C. unless除非；D. since自从；根据句意故选 B。8. C【解析】句意：还有，当西方人付账时，他们会留一些小费给服务员。根据文意，一直在讲就餐的情况，所以应是小费给服务员；A. gatekeeper守门人；B. seller卖东西的人；C. waiter服务员；D. visitor参观者；根据句意故选 Co9. B【解析】句意：在美国，留给服务员账

55、单的10%, 15%或20%是很普遍的。A. terrible可怕的；B. common 普通的；C. serious严肃的；D. unusual不寻常的；根据句意故选B。10. D【解析】句意：人们吃食物的方式在世界各地都不一样，但是在不同的国家你也会看到相同种类的食 物。A. invent发明；B. discover发现，指本来存在，以前从未被发现；C. prefer更喜欢；D. find发现，强调结果，又可以表示偶然发现；根据句意故选 D。真题再现（一）16. B【解析】考查上下文语境与副词词义辨析，句意为像许多人一样，我仅仅知道两个中文词汇。only意为“仅仅"。17. C【

56、解析】考查形容词词义辨析，句意为你能猜到，在我到达之后很长一段时间内，我的生活过得都很 艰难。"difficult "意为"困难的；艰难的"，故用difficult。easy"简单的"，interesting意为"有趣的"。18. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析，句意为我知道我必须学习中文，因此我报了一个中文班。"attend"意为"参加"。" miss"意为"失去；想念"，"teach"意为"教；教学&quo

57、t;。19. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为尽管我学的词汇还不足以支撑我与人真正的进行交流，但是我的老师对我的帮助还是很大的。" helpful "意为"有帮助的"。" cheerful"意为"振奋的"，" thankful"意为"感激的"。20. C【解析】考查上下文语境与动词词组词义辨析，根据上下文可知我自己学习中文进度很慢，我决定放弃了。" give up" 意为"放弃"，"make up"意为"

58、;编造；弥补"，"put up"意为"举起；支起； 提高“。21. A【解析】考查上下文语境与名词词义辨析，从上文可知，作者交到一个玩音乐的朋友，他教了作者很 多有关音乐的词汇，从下文"melody"（旋律）也可推断出是关于音乐的词汇。" words"意为"词汇"，"names"意为"名字"，"jokes"意为"玩笑"。22. C【解析】考查上下文语境与动词辨析，从上文可知，作者从他朋友那里学到了中文词汇，他也从作者 学到了英文词汇，所以是一种语言文化的交流。"exchange"意为"交换，交流"；"change"意为"改变"，"imagine"意为"想象"。23. A【解析】