高二英语必修四课文详解及习题练习

1、1respect: n. v. 尊敬，尊重 e.g We should respect each other. 我们应该互相尊重 respectful: 恭敬的，对人有礼的 respectable; 受/被人尊重 e.g He is a respectful student. He respects the teachers.他是个对人有礼貌的学生，他尊敬老师。 He is respectable teacher. He is respected by all his students.他是个受人尊敬的老师，他所有学生都尊重他。 2inspire 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感 inspire sb.

2、to do 激励某人做某事 inspired adj有灵感的 inspiring adj.激励人心的 inspiration: n. 灵感 e.g He tried to inspire them to make greater efforts.他试着鼓励它们做出更大努力。 eg. His speech inspired us greatly. 他的演讲大大地鼓舞了我们。 eg. The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel.他对童年的记忆促成了他第一部小说。 3support : v. 承受；支撑；抚养，资助；赞成，支持；suppo

3、rter: n. 支持者 e.g Do you think those shelves can support so many books?你认为那些架子能承受这么多书吗？ She needs a high income to support such a large family.她需要高收入来养活这一大家子。 Do you support their demands of independence? 你支持他们独立的要求吗？ e.g Im a strong supporter of womens rights.我是女权的强烈支持者。 4deliver: v. 传送；把.踢向；发表，宣布；给

4、接生 delivery: n. e.g Letters are delivered every day.信件每天都会传送。 She delivered a hard kick to his knee.她狠狠地踢了他膝盖一下。 The doctor delivered her baby.医生给她接生。 5mean的用法 mean doing sth. 意味着做 mean to do sth 打算做某事 eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time. 做这样的事儿就是浪费时间 eg. Do you mean to go without money? 没有钱你也

5、打算走吗？ 6wander的用法 1）可以解释为漫步，逛，常与about搭配 e.g We love wandering about the hills 我们喜欢在山上漫步。 2）还可以解释为脱离，迷失 e.g Dont wander off the point 不要离题。 7“Only + 状语” 开头的句子要用倒装 eg. Only in this way can we learn English better.只有用这种方法才能把英语学更好。 Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误 8work out算出；进行；发展；理解，说出；

6、制定，拟定 eg. I cant work out the meaning of the poem.我不理解这首诗的意思。 Things have worked out badly. 事情进展得很糟糕。 work out his income. 算出他的收入 work out a plan 制定计划 9have/ has been doing 现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去就已开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去 eg. He has been reading since this morning.今早起，他一直在看书 He is very tired; he has been workin

7、g hard all day .他很累，他一整天都在努力工作 He has been writing a letter.他一直在写信 He has written a letter.他已写过信了 IIReading A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生动植物学生It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.早上5:45分，太阳冉冉升起在东非的贡贝国家公园上，【注释：Gome National Park贡贝国家公园，位于东非的坦桑尼亚。冈贝最常见的其他

8、哺乳动物是灵长类。人们从20世纪60年代开始，就一直对它们进行研究，发现橄榄树狒狒最为常见，经常成群结队在海滨流连，而红尾猴和疣猴则一直以森林作为天然篷幛，疣猴经常遭受黑猩猩的追猎。】 Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.按照詹尼研究黑猩猩的方法，我们这群人都将看到森林中的黑猩猩。【注释：following Janes way of studying chimps是现在分词作状语。】 Jane has studied these families

9、of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.詹尼研究黑猩猩家族已有许多年了，她帮助人们理解黑猩猩怎样像人类一样地行为表现。【注释：behave vi.(行为或举止)表现eg. He has behaved well at school.他在学校表现良好。 (2)工作 eg. How is the new engine behaving?新的引擎运行得如何?】 Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activ

10、ity of the day.观察黑猩猩一家起床是我们当天的第一项活动。【注释：watching a family of chimps wake up是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数式形式；另外动词不定式、名词从句作主语谓语动词均为第三人称单数式形式。】 This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.这就意味着：在前天夜里就要走回到我们让黑猩猩在树上睡觉的地方。【注释：mean doing sth.意味着 eg. These new ord

11、ers for our manufactures will mean working overtime.这些订购我们产品的新订单意味着要加班。 Mean to do sth.打算做某事 eg. I mean to stay here, if I can.若是能留下, 我想留在这儿。 mean to 对来说很重要 eg. 1) Having my family around me means happiness to me.家人同我在一起就意味着幸福。 2) The smell means dinner to the dog!对狗来说, 这气味意味着进食! 3) These symbols me

12、an nothing to me.我完全不明白这些符号是什么意思。 4) He means no harm to anyone.他无意伤害任何人。 mean adj.吝啬的，小气的 He's too mean to make a donation.他很小气, 不肯捐款。】 Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.当黑猩猩一家开始醒来要离开的时候，大家在树下坐着等着。【注释：while conj. (1)在期间, 当的时候; 与同时

13、While in prison, he wrote his first novel.他在狱中写出了第一部小说。(2) 而，然而（表示对比） eg. One person wants out, while the other wants the relationship to continue.一人想就此了断，而另一人想继续保持这种关系。 (3)虽然，尽管 eg. While I wouldn't recommend a night-time visit, by day the area is full of interest.虽然我不建议夜间游玩，但是在白天，这个地区很有玩头。move

14、 off离开；死；畅销 eg. 1) Check your mirrors before you move off.开车前注意看看反光镜。 2) Farmers are rapidly moving off the land.农民正迅速离开土地。】 Then we follow as they wander into the forest.然后，当他们漫游到森林里，我们便跟着。 Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.大多数情况下，黑猩猩们

15、要么进食，要么相互清洁，在家族里这是作为一种表达爱的方式。【注释：eitheror 要么要么 eg. Either I accompany you to your room or I wait here.要么我陪你去你的房间，要么我在这儿等。】 Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.詹尼预先告诉我们到下午我们将会很累很脏，她说的对。【注释：warn sb. that预告：预先通知或告诉： eg. They called and warn

16、ed me that they might be delayed.他们打来电话，预先告诉我他们可能耽搁一会儿。 warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事；warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事； 】 However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 然而，晚上使得这一切都值得。【注释：worthwhile adj.值得做的, 值得出力的 (1) be well worth doing sth.很值得做某事 eg. The book is well worth reading of sth.值得，配得上 eg, The

17、book is worthy of $50.值得做(2) be worthy of being done eg. The book is worthy of being readto be done eg. The book is worthy to be read(3) It is worthwhile doing sth. eg. It is worthwhile reading the book.to do sth.做某事是值得的 It is worthwhile to read the book.试题：1. She has done some _ things during the s

18、ummer vacation, and she is _ of being praised. A. worthwhile; worthy B. worthwhile; worth C. worthy; worth D. worth; worthy 2. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _. A. worth doing them B. worth being done C. worthy of doing them D. worthy of being done】We watch the mother chimp and h

19、er babies play in the tree.我们观看黑猩猩妈妈和她的幼子在树上玩耍。 Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.然后，我们看他们一起在巢穴睡觉过夜。 We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.我们意思到黑猩猩家族成员之间的关系和我们人类一样紧密。Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behav

20、iour.在詹尼之前没有人懂得黑猩猩的行为举止。 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花费了几年时间来观察和记录他们的日常活动。【辨析： spend, pay, cost, take这几个词均表示“花费”，区别在于句型结构不同：some time (in) doing sth. eg. I have spent four years studying English.some money on sth. eg. She always spends a lot of money on clothes.sb

21、. spend sb. pay some money for sth. eg. I paid $10,000 for the car.Sth. cost sb. sth. eg. Participating in the strike cost me my job.参加罢工而使我失去工作.It takes sb. some time to do sth. eg. It took me two hours to finish my homework.】Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own envi

22、ronment.自从童年时代，她就想和动物一起在野外自然环境下合作（生活）。 However, this was not easy.然而，这并不容易。 When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.当她在1960年首次到达贡贝，对一位妇女来说生活在森林里是不同寻常的。 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her proje

23、ct.只有在头几个月她妈妈来帮她之后，才允许她开始她的项目。【注释：由only及only所修饰的状语位于句首时，主句要采用半倒装结构，但当only修饰主语时，不倒装。如：1) Only when he entered, did she pick up the receiver. 他刚一进来她就接到了电话。 2) Only if it receives a copy of the latest report, can the committee make its decision by Friday of next week. 委员会只有在收到最后的报告后，才可以在下周五作出决定。 3) Onl

24、y a doctor can do that.只有医生才能这样做。 】 Her work changed the way people think about chimps.她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的思考方式。 For example one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. 例如，她所发现的一个重要情况就是：黑猩猩围猎并吃肉。【注释：that chimps hunt and eat meat.是由that引导的名词从句作表语，即表语从句。】Until then everyone had tho

25、ught chimps ate only fruit and nuts. 直到那时，人们一直都以为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.她确实观察到黑猩猩以群体方式围猎猴子，然后将其吃掉。【注释：as a group以群体方式，作状语。】 She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work

26、 out their social system.她还发现黑猩猩怎样彼此交流，对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她解决了黑猩猩的社会体系。【注释：(1) communicate with与通话/交流 eg. The Minister for Foreign Affairs has already communicated on this event with the American President.外交部长已经跟美国总统就此事件交换过意见了。 (2) work out找到解答；解决;有特定结果 eg. worked out the equations; worked out their pers

27、onal differences.解出方程式；找到他们个人的区别 It worked out that everyone left on the same train.结果每个人都乘同一列火车离开】For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.四十年来，詹尼·古道尔直言不讳地说起让世界其他人理解并尊重这些动物的生活。【注释：(1) be outspoken about

28、对直言不讳的/坦率的 eg. Tom was outspoken about his ideal that he wanted to go to college.汤姆直言不讳谈他的理想上大学。 (2) respect vt. & n. 尊敬，尊重；敬意 show respect for sb./sth.尊敬/尊重; have respect for尊敬/尊重; in this respect在这一方面； in all/many respects在各个/许多方面； in respect of sth关于;就而言； without respect恕我直言；respect sb./sth.

29、for sth.因某事而尊敬某人 eg. 1) We have had many lessons in this respect. 2) He always treated his peers with respect. 3) There are three opinions with respect to this question.】 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.她认为野生动物应该处于野生状态，不应该用

30、于娱乐或广告。【注释：(1) leave sb./sth. +补语（形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语）,eg. 1) Sorry, I left my book on the desk.对不起，我把书放在桌子上了。 2) Leave him alone and he will produce. 别打扰他，他会写出来的。 (2) argue vi.争论；辩论；vt. 争论；说服 argue with sb. on/about/over sth.与某人争论某事； argue against/for为反对/赞成而辩论；argue sb. into/ out of doing sth.说服某人做/

31、不做某事 eg. 1) Dont argue with one who is in hot blood.不要和正在气头上的人争论。 2) They strongly argued against going there next Sunday.他们坚决反对下星期去那里。 3) We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服他不要去做这样危险的旅行。】 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.她帮助建了一些黑猩猩能够安全生活的特殊的

32、地方。 She is leading a busy life but she says:她过着忙碌的生活，但她说： “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.“一旦我停下来，一切都蜂拥而至，我记得那些在实验室里的黑猩猩， 【注释：come crowding in一拥而入；蜂拥而至 eg. When he went home and sat in the sofa, what happened in the day all came crowding in.当她回到家坐在沙发上

33、，白天所发生的一切一下子涌上心头。】Its terrible.太可怕啦。 It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.当我观察到野生黑猩猩时，深深地影响了我。 I say to myself, Arent they lucky? 我自问，难道他们不是幸运的吗？And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.随后，我想到困在笼子里的小黑猩猩，虽然他们没有做错什么。 Once you have seen that you can never f

34、orget”一旦你看到那些情况，你就永远不会忘记”【注释：once As soon as; if ever; when:一就；一旦；当时 eg. (1) Once he goes, we can clean up.他一走，我们就能清理 (2) Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular!一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！ (3) Once he arrives we can start.他一到我们就可以动身。 】She has achieved everything she wanted to do:她已经实现她想要做的一切：【注释：ac

35、hieve the target/ goals/ aim达到目的； achieve success获得成功； achieve ones purpose达到目的；make an achievement取得成就】 working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctors degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.在自然环境下与动物一起合作（生活），获得博士学位，表明女子能像男子一样能够生活在森林里。 She inspires those wh

36、o want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励起那些想为妇女的成功而欢呼的人们。【注释：(1) inspire vt. 鼓励；激励 1) inspire sb. with hope激起某人的希望 2) I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。 (2) cheer用欢呼声鼓励：用欢呼声鼓励或好象用欢呼声鼓励；激励 eg. The fans cheered the runners on.热烈的观众们用欢呼声为赛跑选手打气 】考题：1. Lucy has _ al

37、l of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved2. All the things _ must be done well. A. worth to do B. worthy of being done C. worthy doing D. worth of doing3. The lady is so old that she has to _ herse

38、lf with a cane. A. help B. support C. raise D. lift4. Although the bike is old, its _. A. out of condition B. in good condition C. in bad condition D. on good condition5. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they need _ to them quickly and cheaply.A. to deliver B. deliver C.

39、delivering D. delivered6. We had wanted to finished our task by noon, but it didnt quite _ as planned.A. find out B. give out C. hand out D. work out7. Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments _ .A. they succeed in solving the problem B. they would succeed in solving the problemC. did t

40、hey succeed in solving the problem D. will they succeed in solving the problem8. She has done some _ things during the summer vacation, and she is _ of being praised. A. worthwhile; worthy B. worthwhile; worth C. worthy; worth D. worth; worthy9. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _.

41、A. worth doing them B. worth being done C. worthy of doing them D. worthy of being done重点句型：1Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.【精提取】以only状语(一般为介词短语、副词、从句等)开头的句子要用部分倒装。【巧应用】只有当我到达山顶的时候，我才有一种巨大的成就感。Only when I reached the top of the mo

42、untain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：did I feel a great sense of achievement2She is leading a busy life but she says：“Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.Its terrible.It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.”【精提取】once此处用作连词。意为“一旦就”，用于连接时间状语从句，类似于as soon as。 【巧应用】见一

43、次就永远不会忘记。_ _，it can never be forgotten。答案：Once seen3Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.【精提取】It hits me.意为“我突然想到”。【巧应用】我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I had forgotten her birthday.答案：It hit me all of a sudden that4Jane warns us that our group is g

44、oing to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.【精提取】warn是及物动词，意为“警告、告诫、提醒等”。【巧应用】那样开车很危险，已经警告过他了。He _ _ _ _ _ _ of driving the car in that way.答案：has been warned of the danger1.必修四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE 非洲野生动物研究者 It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe Nati

45、onal Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起， Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.

46、简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade

47、of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。 Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. 在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。 J

48、ane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. 简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。 We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their

49、nest for the night. 我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. 我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。 She spent years observing and recording their dail

50、y activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。 Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. 从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。However, this was not easy. 但是，这不是一件简单的事。When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. 当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大

51、森林还是很稀罕的事情。Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。Her work changed the way people think about chimps. 她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。 For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. 比方说，她的

52、一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. 在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。 She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. 而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。 She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body lang

53、uage helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。 She has argued that wild animals should be lef

54、t in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. 她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。She is leading a busy life but she says: 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的："Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remembe

55、r the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。 It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. 每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" 我会对自己说：难道它们不幸运吗？ And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wro

56、ng. 然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。Once you have seen that you can never forget ."一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记 She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的

57、栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。【语法精讲】： 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致. (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with,