主谓一致和就近就远原则

1、For pers onal use only in study and research;not for commercial use主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称 邻近原则”就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有 时不一定是主语)在人称、人数”上一致。一、在正式文体中：1. 由下列词语连接的并列主语：“ there be+句型；oreither.or;nor;neither.nor;whetheror;not.but;not only.but also等。Eg.(1) What he does or what he says does not con cer n me.他的行

2、为或言谈与我无关。(2) Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。(3) Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。(4) Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2. 在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。Eg.(1)I n the dista nee was heard the clapp ing of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。(2) There is (are) a

3、pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中：有时依 就近”和 意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语， 谓语要改成“agrees ”写作中”一般要依 语法一致”原则。 总结：英语就近原则短语1. There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you a

4、re right.3. either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Ann s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇： as

5、 well as;(together/along)with;Rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from 例子： He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致一、 当主语后面与 with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no less than,besides,including 等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一 个主语保持一致。1. The teache

6、r,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A.was B.were C.had been D.would be2.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB.has offeredC.are offeredD.have offered3. E-mail,as well as telephone,_an important part in daily communica

7、tion.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play4. Nobody but Jane_the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known5. All but one_here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were二、当 eitheror.;neithernor.;not only.but also.等连接并列主语时， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster_the prizes to these g

8、ifted students at the meeting.A.was handing outB.are to hand outC.are handing out D.is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Marytired of having one examinationafter another.A.is B.are C.am D.be三、当“the only one oft数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句 中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“one of复数名词+ 定语从句 ”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语

9、从句的谓语动 词用复数形式。8. He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been9.She is one of the few girls who_in the kindergarten.A.is well paidB.are well paidC.is paying wellD.are paying well四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physic等在形式上是复数概念，而 在意义上是单数

10、概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。10. Every possible means_to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used五、当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。11. of the land in that distrcitcovered with trees and glass.A.Two fifth;isB.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;isD.

11、Two fifths;are六、the number of的数目）短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当 a number of. . . （许多. . . ）短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。12. The number of people invited_fifty,but a number of them_absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;was D.were;were七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。13. When and where to build the new factory_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.Nur f u r den pers?nlichen f u r Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l e t