船舶轮机设备操作须知

1、船舶轮机设备操作须知Instruction for operation of ship engine1.主机Main engineStand by main engine before sailing滑油系统的准备Preparation for lube oil systemCheck oil level in main engine lubricating oil circulating tank.1.1.2.冷却水系统准备Preparation for water cooling system1.1.警报和自动调温器是否正常并起动水泵。Check the level in FW expan

2、sion tank. After changing over the warming jacket valve, start up jacket cooling water pump and check pressure, alarm and automatic temperature controller, then start water pump.1.1.起动其冷却泵。If independent fuel valve cooling system is equipped, check the level of expansion tank, pressure alarm, automa

3、tic temperature controller, then start cooling pump.1.1.2.3.检查冷却海水系统各阀是否在正常位置(海水泵可待温度升高后才起动。Check various valves of seawater cooling system is in normal position or not. (Seawater pump can be started only after temperature increases.Check oil level of diesel oil service tank and drain off the residu

4、al water. Check various valve of fuel system is operational.2.起动燃油增压泵,检查系统压力警报是否正常。必要时放掉主机油头空气。Start up fuel booster pump, check system pressure alarm. If necessary, should vent from fuel valves.Check main starting valve and cylinder head starting valves for normal operation and oiling.2.检查空气压力,放掉空气

5、瓶内的残水并检查其压力警报是否处于正常状态。Check air pressure and drain off water from air bottle. Check pressure alarm in normal state or not.Open the outlet valve of air bottle and air valve to main engine.压控制,即检查其有关阀门起动液压泵,并检查其压力警报是否正常。Open the air valve of auto-control system, check various air pressure and related

6、alarm. (If hydraulic control is used, check related valve, start hydraulic pump and check related hydraulic alarm.Check air valve to the air whistle in open.Check turbo-charger lube oil pump, check oil levels of turbo-charger.时,一般用两台发电机供电。Start steering gear oil pump. Check with bridge for rudder an

7、gle.2.搭上盘车机盘车(最好将主机转2转以上检查主机和轴系是否灵活。Engage the turning gear turn the main engine over 2 revolutions. Check main engine and shafting is flexible or not.After confirm main engine and shafting flexible, disconnect turning gear, insert the safety pin.Start the engine on air briefly and a brief trial on

8、power系统的动作是否正常步骤是:检查关闭扫气箱放水考克。再次检查确认,废气透平和缸头处无障碍物,示功阀已开启。通知驾驶台,检查船尾和舷梯外,有无碍物,确保那些部位无障碍。摇车钟“正车”到驾驶台,取得驾驶台的“正车”回令。派人到气缸头附近观察。摇车钟到驾驶台,要求“倒车”,得到“倒车”回令后,用手柄或手轮或按钮进行“换向”和“倒车”,冲车。若无发现异常情况,则可关闭示功阀。Start the engine on air briefly (Start the engine on air briefly is to check and clean impurity, waste water, o

9、il dust in cylinder. Check exchange system normal or not. Process as follow,-Check and close the drain cocks of scavenging box-Confirm again exhaust turbine and cylinder heads no obstacle, indicator valves have been opened.-Inform bridge to check and ensure no obstacle besides aster and gangway.-Swi

10、tch engine telegraph to Forward, get the Forward repeated order from bridge.-Assigned crew to observe near cylinder heads.-Ring Astern, get the Astern followed up from bridge. Use hand shank, hand wheel or button to reversing and Astern, run engine. If everything is normal, close the indicator valve

11、.2.试车(试车的目的,是进一步检查起动和换向系统工作的可靠性,以及燃油系统工作是否正常步骤是:检查并调整调速器处于所需位置。用手柄或按钮(加燃油“倒车”试车(因冲车时机器在倒车方向,故可直接倒车试车缓慢转几转后把机器停下。摇车钟“正车”到驾驶台,得到“正车”回令后,进行“换向”正车,起动动转,缓慢转几转后,把机器停下,并摇车钟“停车”驾驶台,得到回令后,如果各种情况都有正常,则可用电话告知驾驶台主机准备完毕。A brief trial on power (A brief trial on power is to check work dependability of start and ex

12、change system. And check fuel system is normal or not. Process as follow,-Check and adjust speed governor to proper location.-Use hand shank or button to test engine astern (Because engine is in astern when running engine, test engine astern immediately. Turn a few times slowly and stop engine.-Tele

13、graph forward, get the followed up forward from bridge, switch to forward, test engine, t urn a few times slowly and stop engine. Telegraph stop engine, get the repeated order from bridge, if everything is normal, should inform bridge by telephone engine stand by is ready.随时都可操纵使用。这时值班轮机员就要集中精力在操纵台前

14、等侯操纵。并派人准备做好车钟记录以及注意保持空气瓶的压力。When receive engine telegraph stand by, if main engine stand by is ready, may reply engine telegraph stand by that shows main engine can operate at any moment. At this time, duty engineer should pay attention to maneuvering panel to wait for maneuvering. And assign crew

15、to be prepare for recording engine telegraph and heed to keep the pressure of air bottle.Maneuvering way is different due to different main engine, but the basic procedure is similar.“车向”停着拨回“车令”后则可直接冲车起动运转;如果主机在所需“车向”的反方向停着,把车钟拨到所需“车向”位置后,先要进行“换向”,然后进行起动运转。When telegraph is ringing, follow up the t

16、elegraph to sa me telegraph order position. If engine telegraph is already in the same course, reply telegraph order, run engine and start and run immediately. If engine telegraph is in the opposite course, after switch engine telegraph to needed engine course, first exchange course, then run engine

17、 and start and run.车速表转动时,迅速把手柄或手轮(包括燃油油门移至“运转”位置,然后按所需车速调节油门。Start and run: Operate M/E maneuver unit to start. When hear machine running sound and speedometer runs, immediately shift hand shank or hand wheel (including fuel accelerograph to run, then adjust accelerogragh as demand.During maneuveri

18、ng, no too much or too fast for accelerograph, prevent deflagration or overload.情况作出相应的处理。During maneuvering, heed various abnormal conditions such as strong swing or deflagration. Should handle them according to specific condition.1.3.2.加至上述车速后,值班轮机员应巡视主、副机等机电设备进行一次全面检查。When get to above mentioned

19、RPM, duty engineer should check overall main engine, auxiliary engines etc.电设备情况,并正式投入正常航行。Slowly raise main engine accelerograph to revolution at sea, duty engineer should check overall again main engine, auxiliary engine, then normal sail.If power enough, may stop one generator, sail with another

20、generator.Management in normal navigation报告轮机长。The tour inspection must be carried out at the interval of an hour as the scope of handing over the watch, any abnormal findings to be dealt with in time and reported to chief engineer.2.调节并保持各种有关参数在规定范围内。Adjust and keep various parameters in the requir

21、ement range.Oil to the manual oil filling ports at regular intervalsAt intervals of two hours, check and record parameters.As the scope of navigation duty, do well other works besides above mentioned.台询问:短时间完车还是较长时间完车,然后根据具体情况作出相应的处理。When receive Finished with engine order from bridge, follow engine

22、 telegraph to Finished with engine. Call to bridge to check engine stop for a long time or for a short time. Operate accordingly.1.4.2.如果是短时间完车等侯“引水”或“联检”,即可只做下列工作。If engine stop for a short time such as waiting for pilot or joint inspect, process as follow,1.4.1.4.2.关闭控制空气或关闭液压控制系统。Close control ai

23、r or hydraulic control system.Stop the seawater pump, fuel valve cooling pump, boiler circulating pump, stern tube LO pump.Open the indicator valves and the drain valves of the scavenge air box.Switch off one air compressor.Stop one generator according to the load condition.When main engine emergenc

24、y operation, attention,M/E to be carried out a trial, check starting and reversing functions in good condition.1.5.2.增开另一部发电机,并电运行。One stand by generator to be started and parallelledMain engine to be changed FO over to diesel oil to ensure maneuverability.Strengthen management for air compressed ma

25、chine and air bottle.Strengthen management for oil and water. Keep stability of pressure and temperature.High sea chest to be put into useIf remote control system found in trouble, operate M/E from the local control console.Implement order from bridge accurately, entries telegraph record book accord

26、ingly.当机械设备发生故障时,应根据说明书的要求及实际情况采取正确的应急转换,应急操纵等措施进行正确操作,以保证船、机和人身安全。When being failure of mechanical equipment, should as instruction book and actual condition implement emergency exchange, emergency maneuvering etc. to ensure safety of ship, machine and life.障时间和情况记入轮机日记。如需停车、应先征得船长同意,但若重要机件损坏等严重威胁主

27、机安全时,轮机长可先停车,后报告船长。When order from bridge can not be carried out due to failure of machinery, chief engineer should inform duty officer and report to captain. Meantime record failure time and condition in engine log book. If engine stop is needed, should get approval of captain. If important parts a

28、re damaged to threat main engine, chief engineer can first stop engine, then report to captain.1.6.2.在接到船长命令时,如发现执行该命令时,将引起机电设备损坏,轮机长应将可能引起后果告知船长,然后按船长经过考虑后的指示执行,轮机长应将上述情况详细记入轮机日记,船长也应将经过情况记入航海日记。If implementing captains order will damage electronic equipment, chief engineer should report it to capt

29、ain and implement the last order of captain. Chief engineer should record details in engine log book. Captain also should record it in log book.During diesel engine running, should stop engine immediately if meet follows,Diesel engine running threats life safety.2.滑油、燃油管破裂,大量油类外泄,造成污染并危及柴油机安全时。Lubri

30、cant pipe and fuel pipe are broken, plenty of oil are leaked, make pollution, threat safety of diesel engine.Crankcase or scavenging box explodes.Ensure diesel engine will make serious accident.持航行。When beyond repair occurs, and M/E must be running ,emergency operation to be taken, stop fuel oil inj

31、ection of one cylinder or stop one cylinder fire to keep M/E running.主机透平增压器在运转过程中发生振动、损坏而无法使用时,应根据说明书,用专用工具进行处理,应急措施如下:When M/E T/C found abnormal vibration or damage to make it can not be used, should handle it as instruction book by specific tools. Emergency measures as follow,Lock rotor (operati

32、on as specific instruction book1.7.2.拆除转子、安装封闭设备(具体操作作见各机型的说明书。Dismantle rotor, install seal set. (operation as specific instruction book低柴油机的负荷,使排温不要超负荷,并开动电动鼓风机或利用活塞扫气泵供气同时将损坏的几个缸油量调低防止另一台增压器喘振而损坏。When implement above mentioned two ways, should keep cooling water in volute smoothly, andcut off lub

33、e oil supply. Meantime lower the load of diesel engine and make discharge temperature no overload, turn on motor-driven blower or piston scavenging pump to supply air. Meantime lower oil volume of damaged cylinder to prevent another T/C from damaging due to surge.尾轴油封泄漏,内漏及外漏两种。Tail shaft seal leaka

34、ge include inner leakage and outer leakage同时可向船头压水或排出尾部压载水或淡水减少尾部吃水和进水量。If water lubricated bearing seal leaks, should heed leakage condition, discharge the water in time, prevent too much water in engine room. Meantime may ballast in bow or discharge ballast water or fresh water in astern to decrea

35、se aft draft and input water quantity.1.8.2.油润滑的轴承密封漏油。Oil lubricated bearing seal leaks(以SIMPLEX密封装置为例当前轴封漏油时,可以切断供油管路,用人工加油(每二十分钟一升油左右的方式保证密封件润滑,若是尾轴封漏油时,首先注意漏油量避免对海上造成大量的污染,将重力油柜从高位转到低位,减少船舶的尾吃水量,用人工加油方式保持润滑,同时应注意尾轴的温度,必要时可适当降低主机转速,待抵港后再处理。(SIMPLEX seal as example When fore seal leaks, cut off oi

36、l supply pipe. Manual supply oil (one liter every 20 minutes to keep seal parts lubricated. When tail shaft seal leaks, first notice not to pollute sea, transfer gravity oil tank from high level to low level, decrease aft draft, manual supply oil to keep parts lubricated. Meantime heed temperature o

37、f Stern bushes. If necessary, lower the revolution of main engine. Handle it after arriving port.2.柴油发电机Diesel generator(自动化机组,各部位应经常保持清爽无障碍的状态。Check surrounding of the generator and the engine, cylinder head or turbo air intake hole for clear. (For automatic controlled starting generator set, all p

38、arts should keep clean and no obstacle.Check and open the indicator valves. ( For automatic controlled generator set, indicator valves to be kept closed.2.1.3.检查油底壳(或循环柜油位是否正常(自动化机组,机油油位应经常保持在正常位置。Check oil sump (or the circulating LO tank oil level is normal or not. (For automatic machine set, oil

39、level should keep in normal position.要时打开曲轴箱导门查看各主轴系、大小端承等处的供油情况,确认机油充分进入各润滑表面(装有预备润滑油泵的自动化机型,可以不用手摇泵泵机油同时向人工加油部位加油(自动化转动后自动向各需要加油部位加滑油。Turn engine and pump LO by hand until oil pressure upto 0.050.1Mpa. If necessary, open the access doors and exam the lubricating condition of shafting, both ends of

40、 connecting rod. Ensure lube oil flow to all lubricating surface (If install automatic reserved lube oil pump, no need to use manual lube oil pump. Meantime load oil to manual loading oil parts. (If pump is automatic type, when turn on pump, automatically load oil to parts needing loading oil.正常位置,油

41、温和水温自动调节器是否正常(自动化机型,各种阀门和自动调节器应经常保持在正常状态。Check the following inlet and outlet valves in correct position, FW cooler, jackets, lube oil cooler, seawater valves, automatic LO/FW temperature regulator in good condition. (For automatic type, various valves and automatic adjusters should be kept in norma

42、l state.态。Check pressure alarm and over speed alarm. (For automatic type, all the warning alarm should be kept in normal state.调速器油位和旋钮等应经常保持在随时可以自动起动使用的状态。Check oil level of governor, connecting link flexible or not, all buttons in normal position or not. (For automatic type, oil level of governor

43、and buttons should be kept in the state that can automatically start at any moment.阀应经常保持在随时可以起动使用的状态。Check adjustment lever of accelerograph flexible or not, open the fuel oil inlet valve and oil return valve. (For automatic type, oil valve of accelerograph lever should be kept in the state that ca

44、n automatically start at any moment.态。Open the main air valve of air bottle and air stop valve before engine. (For automatic type, these valves should be kept open.阀处冲出,倾听有无异常杂音。After ensure all preparation is normal, pull joy stick to run engine (no supply fuel to check ifwaste water and waste oil

45、flow out from indicator valves, hear abnormal sounding.这个操作时,一方面要观察机油压力(自带淡水泵的机型还要注意淡水压力的上升情况,一方面要倾听机器的声音(自动化机型,自行起动运转或在集控室起动运转,都应注意倾听机器的运转声音与油水压力及其警报。If no abnormal conditions when running engine, close indicator valves, start diesel engine and be controlled by governor. During this operation, one

46、side, observe lube oil pressure (For fresh water pump, also observe fresh water pressure. raise condition, another side, hear sounding of machine. (For automatic type, after start and run automatically or start from engine control room, should heed machine sounding, oil and water pressure, warning a

47、larm.动化机型,气瓶出口阀和进机前空气截止阀常开。Close start air, open the indicator valves in turn to check, check exhaust temperature normal or not. (For automatic type, the main valve of air bottle and air stop valve before engine should be kept open.3.确认全部情况正常后即可并电使用,在进行操作时,一方面要注意频率和相序和电压,另一方面要注意电网上各发电机负荷的平衡(自动化机型,自行

48、起或在集控室起动后,自行按自动控制程序并电和平衡负荷。After confirming all conditions normal, parallel the generator into the main busbar. During operation, one side, heed frequency, phase sequence, voltage, another side, heed load distribution of all generators in . (For automatic type, after automatically start or start in

49、center control room, automatically combine power and balance load as automatic control procedure.全部情况正常后,方可视为正式带负荷运行。After machine set run with load, duty crew should check the generator and diesel engine throughly. After confirming all condition normal, regard as formal running with load.Management

50、 in running等的动作是否正常。Often or regularly check temperature of access doors of the crankcases, hear inner running sounding, check fuel oil pumps and the inlet/exhaust valves.Often check exhaust temperature and confirm in normal range.2.2.3.经常检查各发电机的负荷(电压、电流和功率是否平衡。Often check paralleled generator load

51、(electric voltage, electric current, power balance or not.走油柜残水。The LO and DO filters to be cleaned regularly, DO to be purified and refilled to DO service tank, and the residual water to be drained from the tank.After unloading, make the generator set idling for 5 to 10 minutes.After idling for 5 t

52、o 10 minutes, turn off oil and water pressure alarm, pull accelerograph lever to engine stop position.起动旋钮,柴油机起动旋钮转至自动位置。After engine stop, open the indicator valves. (For automatic machine set, immediately close the indicator valves, start the prelubrication oil pump and diesel engine to automation

53、 position.After engine stop, inspect overall the diesel generator set to check if there is abnormal condition.Emergency measure for MCB trip and the generator engine stopped在航行中,突然发生跳电或电原动机停车,则船舶内将失去控制。因此值班人员必须根据不同情况采取正确果断的措施以避免由此而产生的其它重大事故。In navigation, if MCB trip or generator engine stop, ship w

54、ill be out of control. Duty crew should implement appropriate measure as specific condition to prevent serious accident.驶台,然后立即起动备用发电机,。尽快恢复供电。如果情况特殊,需用车避让,值班人员应执行驾驶台命令。在恢复供电后,首先应起动舵机及有关电动泵,然后再起动主动。In navigation at sea, when generator suddenly stopped, duty engineer should first stop main engine and

55、 inform bridge, then immediately start reserved generator to supply power as soon as possible. In special condi tion, need to keep away, duty engineer should implement bridges order. After power resume, first start steering gear and motor-driven pumps, then start main engine.迅速起动备用辅机尽快恢复供电,同时应停止主机动转

56、并用电话立即通知驾驶台。在应急处理的过程中,必须有人坚守主机操纵台,随时听取和执行驾台命令。如驾驶台遇到情况危急,必须用车,值班人员应驾驶台命令执行,可不考虑主机后果。此外,在狭水道进出港航行时为了尽量避免紧张局面,确保安全,一般应增开一台发电机并联运行。When navigation in narrow channel or inward/outward port, generator stopped trip, duty engineer should immediately start reserved auxiliary engine to resume power, meantime

57、 should stop engine and inform bridge by telephone. During emergency operation, should stick to main engine maneuvering panel and receive and carry out order from bridge. If bridge encounter emergency, main engine have to be used, duty engineer should carry out order from bridge regardless of result of main engine. In narrow channel or inward/outward port, normally one standby generator to be started and paralleled so that it can prevent nervous situation and ensure safety.2.4.3.船舶处在系泊过程个,发电机发生跳电停车时,值班人员应先起动备用发电机恢复供电正常后,再检查分析跳电或停车故障原因并正确排除。During mooring, generator stopped and tripped