英语湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读

1、2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读英 语湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲编写组二一四年八月前言2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读（以下简称解读）是在2014年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读的基础上修订完成的，是与2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲（以下简称考纲）配套使用的学业水平考试复习指导丛书。解读面向全体高中学生，旨在帮助高中教师与学生理解考纲，对高中教学加以积极的影响，减轻高中学生的学业负担，推进高中新课程，促进高中学生的全面发展和素质教育的全面实施。解读所要“解读”的不只是学业水平考试的内容和形式，更重要的是要体现建立这一考试制度的目的和任务回归基础教育的本

2、源，构建一个衡量高中教育教学质量，促进学生全面发展的质量评价体系。因此，解读面向全体高中学生，特别注重各学科学习方法指导，特别注重训练能力层级和难度的梯度分布。解读大体上分为考试目标、知识清单、要点解读、达标练习和综合测试等五个板块，各板块的内容依据考纲和高中教材的必修学分模块编写。由于各学科特点的不同，编写体例也根据需要做了些小调整。像所有的新生事物一样，学业水平考试作为一种新的考试制度也有一个逐步完善的过程，因此，欢迎来自各个方面，特别是高中师生的建设性的意见。当然，解读也要听取大家的意见与建议，才不会停下不断完善的脚步。2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲专家组2014年8月目录Mo

3、dule 1 Unit 1 School life1Module 1 Unit 2 Growing pains9Module 1 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good15Module 2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained20Module 2 Unit 2 Wish you were here27Module 2 Unit 3 Amazing people33Module 3 Unit1 The world of our senses错误！未定义书签。Module 3 Unit 2 Language错误！未定义书签。Module 3 U

4、nit 3 Back to the past错误！未定义书签。Module 4 Unit 1 Advertising55Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting events62Module 4 Unit 3 Tomorrows world66Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others69Module 5 Unit 2 The environment78Module 5 Unit 3 Science versus nature83湖南省普通高中学业水平考试模拟试题参考答案Module 1 Unit 1 School life考试目标1. 检测与校

5、园生活话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2. 检测定语从句that, which, who, whom和whose 的用法。3. 检测与校园生活话题有关的读写能力。知识清单（一）重点单词默写1. 有乐趣的 adj. _ 2. 获得；赚，挣得 vt. _3. 致力于，献身 vt. _ 4. 一般的，普通的；平均的 adj._5. 具有挑战性的 adj. _ 6. 额外的，外加的 adj. _7. 准备 n. _ 8. 满意 n. _9. 交流；交换 n. & vt. _ 10. 经历，体验 vt. _11. 毕业；毕业生 vi. & n._ 12. 捐赠 vt. _13. 通知，

6、告知 vt. _ 14. 批准，通过；赞成vt. & vi. _15. 选择，挑选 vt. _（二）重点短语默写1. 免费的 _2. 爱好，喜爱 _ 3. 负责，掌管 _4. 回顾，回忆 _5. 利用 _要点解读 （一）词汇解读1experience n. C 经历，阅历 U 经验 vi. & vt. 体验；经历【基本构词】experienced adj. 有经验的【短语搭配】have experience in /of doing sth. 有做某事的经验 be experienced in /at doing sth. 做某事有经验 experienced teachers

7、有经验的教师【典型例句】I know from experience that he will arrive late. 我的经验告诉我，他会迟到的。2devote vi. & vt. 将.奉献（给）；把.专用（于）【短语搭配】devote to 把.献给；把.专用于 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于【典型例句】He devoted himself to writing. 他专心写作。He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。3satisfaction n. 满意；

8、满足【基本构词】satisfy vt. 满足（欲望）；使满意 satisfying adj.令人满意的，令人满足的（指事物本身的性质）satisfied adj.感到满意的【短语搭配】with (great) satisfaction （非常）满意地；（很）满足地 express ones satisfaction at / with 对表示满意 to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是 be satisfied + that-clause 确信【典型例句】I am very satisfied that the steps taken today are the right

9、steps. 我确信（我们）今天采取的措施是正确的。4charge n. 负责；掌管 vt. 使承担责任；收费 【短语搭配】in / under the charge of 由负责 have / take charge of 照顾；管理，负责 in charge of 主管 free of charge 免费地 charge sb. for sth. 因某物收某人多少钱 【典型例句】Soon he will take charge of the department. 他很快会来负责管理这个部门。The ticket is free of charge. 这票是免费的。5preparation

10、 n. 准备，预备【基本构词】prepare vi. & vt. 准备，预备 prepared adj. 准备好的【短语搭配】make preparations for = prepare for为做准备 prepare sb. for sth. / to do sth. 某物 be prepared for 对做好准备 be prepared to do sth. 愿意做某事，乐意做某事 prepare a meal / ones lesson 准备饭 / 功课【典型例句】The secretary has prepared the president a long report.

11、秘书已为董事长准备好了一份长篇报告稿。6inform vt. 通知；告诉；报告【基本构词】information n. 信息，资料；知识；情报；通知 informative adj. 教育性的，有益的；情报的；见闻广博的【短语搭配】inform sb. of sth. 通知某人有关某事 rmed 随时向.报告情况【典型例句】How do I inform them of my arrival time? 我要怎么通知他们我到达的时间呢？ （二）句型解读Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. 他一完

12、成学业，就开始了中国之旅。【句型】On / Upon+sth. / doing 一就【精讲】Upon / On arriving home, my mother started cooking. 妈妈一到家就烧饭。Upon / On her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.【拓展】On / Upon + sth. / doing 一就。可用as soon as, the moment, immediately等引导的时间状语从句来替换。例如：As soon as / The moment / Immediately he finished

13、his studies, he started travelling in China.（三）语法解读定语从句关系代词1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。3which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yest

14、erday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。4that 指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？5whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，表示所属关系。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。达标练习（一）单项选择1. I think this is all _ the girl stud

15、ent wants to tell you about her school life.A. who B. whom C. that D. what2. The music _ is played by the school radio club is very popular with everyone.A. what B. / C. who D. which3. Many Chinese _ have been to the UK share the same experiences.A. whoseB. whoC. whichD. / 4. The library _ books are

16、 various opens every afternoon except Sunday.A. whose B. whom C. who D. that5. Mr Owen, _ we will invite to our meeting, is a visiting professor from the USA.A. what B. which C. whomD. whose（二）双向翻译 请根据上下文内容，将文章中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。Former student returns from ChinaDavid Holmes studied at our school from 200

17、1 to 2004. He was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. In 2004, he went to Oxford University where (1) 他对中国文化产生了兴趣.After graduating from university, David went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University. Two years later, he was able to speak fluent Chinese. Up

18、on finishing his studies, (2) David started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students, most of whom have become his friends.(3) 两个月前，大卫返回到了英国. He brought ba

19、ck from China many interesting books, paintings and photos. He donated most of them to our school library. The paintings are being shown in the exhibition room.Next month we will have our school open day. (4) We have invited David to be our guest speaker. (5) He will give us a talk about his experie

20、nces in China. At the end of his speech, there will be 30 minutes for questions and answers. So come and meet David at the open day.1_2_3_4_5_Unit 2 Growing pains考试目标1. 检测与青少年成长话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2. 检测定语从句介词which, 介词whom, when, where和why的用法。3. 检测与青少年成长话题有关的读写能力。知识清单（一）重点单词默写1. 窗帘；幕布 n._ 2. 受惊的；害怕的 adj

21、. _3. 挨饿；饿死；使挨饿 vt. & vi. _ 4. 现金 n. _5. 成年人 n. _ 6. 容忍；允许 vt. _7. 行为；举止 n. _ 8. 值得；应得 vt. _9. 使不高兴；不高兴的 vt. & adj._ 10. 粗鲁的，无礼的 adj. _ 11. 苦干的，勤奋的 adj. _ 12. 争吵，辩论；论点 n. _ 13. 愚蠢的 adj. _ 14. 耐心 n. _ 15. 平衡；抵消 n. _（二）重点短语默写1. 迫不及待地做某事 _2. 应该，应当_ 3. 对苛刻，对严厉 _4. 既然 _ 5. 熬夜 _ 6. 混淆，弄乱_7. 好像，似乎_

22、 8. 坚持，坚持认为 _ 9. 现在_ 10. 与一起_要点解读（一）词汇解读1frighten vi. & vt. （使）惊吓,（使）惊恐【基本构词】frightening adj. 令人惊恐的 / 恐怖的（常用来说明事物的特征） frightened adj. 恐惧的，害怕的，受惊的（常用来说明人的心理状态）。类似性质的单词还有: worried / worrying, pleased / pleasing, excited / exciting, encouraged / encouraging, interested / interesting, satisfied / sa

23、tisfying, bored / boring, scared / scaring, surprised / surprising, frustrated / frustrating等。【典型例句】The film is very frightening. 这部影片非常恐怖。The frightened children were calling for their mothers. 受惊的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈。2deserve vt. 应得，值得，应受【基本用法】deserve +名词 / 代词 deserve + to do（主动意义） deserve + to be done（被动意义）

24、 deserve +动名词（主动形式表被动意义）【典型例句】Youre very talented. You deserve a better job. 你很有能力，应该有一份更好的工作。 He, being so rude, deserves criticizing. 他不礼貌，应当受到批评。3insist vi. & vt. 坚持说；坚决主张，坚持要求【基本用法】insist on / upon (doing) sth. 坚持做某事 if you insist 如果你一定要坚持的话（常用于口语中，表示勉强同意）【典型例句】She insisted that he was wrong

25、. 她坚持认为他错了。（表示“坚持说，坚决认为”时，接that从句，从句的动作多为已发生之事，用陈述语气。）【典型例句】He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他坚持要我们接受这些礼物。（表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”时，接that从句，从句的动作为将要发生之事，用虚拟语气，即：主语+（should）+动词原形。）4forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) 禁止；妨碍，阻止【基本用法】 forbid sb. to do sth. = forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid d

26、oing 禁止做某事 【典型例句】The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。（二）句型解读But, butyou werent supposed to come home until tomorrow! 但，但是你们应该明天才到家的呀！【句型】be supposed to 【精讲】（1）表示按照义务、规则、规律或约定“理应，应该”；（2）可以理解为“被认为，被看作是”。【典型例句】 He is supposed to arrive before six oclock. 他应该六点之前到。（三）语法解读定语从句中的关系词1. 关系副词

27、where, when和why，在定语从句中作状语。 The mountain where the volcano lies is not far from here.（where在从句中作地点状语，相当于in the mountain，从句修饰the mountain）那座有火山的山离这儿不远。The days when people felt content with a simple life are forever gone.（when在从句中作时间状语，相当于in the days，构成从句修饰the days）人们满足于简单生活的日子一去不复返了。He gave us no rea

28、son why he took the job.（why在从句中作原因状语，相当于for the reason，构成从句修饰reason）他没有告诉我们他做这份工作的理由。2. 介词 + 关系代词which / whom当定语从句中的关系代词作介词的宾语时，可以将介词提到关系代词前，以强调介词和关系代词的介宾关系，介词+ which / whom在从句中作状语或定语。有些情况下，介词+ which相当于where / when / why。例如：The man with whom you talked is an expert on earthquake.（with whom在从句中作状语，修

29、饰谓语动词talked）和你说话的人是一位地震专家。达标练习（一）单项选择1. Spring is the season _ people grow most crops and plant trees.A. for whichB. when C. where D. on which2. American English, _ there are more borrowed words, seems simpler in spelling.A. at whichB. whyC. whenD. in which3. I know the way to the shop _ my father b

30、ought me this bicycle.A. whyB. whenC. whereD. how4. This is the hotel _ we are planning to stay during our travel in Hong Kong.A. at whichB. on whichC. from whichD. to which5. Nowadays there are some good reasons _ young people prefer shopping online. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. why（二）完形填空 阅读下面短文。掌握其大

31、意，然后从各题所给的、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Mom and Dad went out for vacation. They had left Daniel, the 1 of the two boys, in charge. They thought the boys could get on quite well with everything at home while they were away. All went on well, 2 Spot, their dog, fell ill.Mom and Dad came back home one day earlier

32、 than 3 . They were very angry when they found garbage all over the room and Spot was starving. Mom wanted to know 4 the children handled the money, which they were 5 to use for dog food. Dad thought Daniel had failed to act like an adult, and he wouldnt like to listen to Daniels 6 . Instead, he sho

33、uted at him. He even felt like teaching Daniel a lesson because of his 7 behaviour. Daniel ran into his bedroom. He thought he was just a teenager and it wasnt his 8 . It was because Spot was sick and they had to take him to the clinic. They used the money and spent the whole day there, so they had

34、no time to clean the 9 . Mom soon realized they might be too hard on Daniel. She 10 Dad go and ask what had happened while they were on vacation.1. A. heavierB. olderC. shorterD. thinner2. A. soB. andC. orD. but3. A. expected B. spentC. askedD. needed4. A. whatB. whyC. how D. when5. A. supposedB. fo

35、rbiddenC. doubtedD. said6. A. songB. promiseC. adviceD. explanation7. A. goodB. gentleC. rudeD. great8. A. ideaB. fault C. decisionD. way9. A. clinic B. houseC. shop D. garden10. A. wishedB. orderedC. suggestedD. believedUnit 3 Looking good, feeling good考试目标1. 检测与健康话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2. 检测非限定性定语从句和反意疑

36、问句的用法。3. 检测与健康话题有关的读写能力。知识清单（一）重点单词默写1. 体形；数字；人物 n. _ 2. 惭愧的，羞愧的 adj. _3. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 adj. _ 4. 恢复；重新获得 vt. & vi. _5. 损害；伤害 vt. & n. _ 6. 有吸引力的，有魅力的 adj. _7. 压力 n. _ 8. 更喜欢 vt. _9. 影响；（病毒）感染 vt. _10. 器材；设备 n. _11. 成就 n. _12. 专家 n. _13. 尴尬的，难为情的 adj. _14. 身体，（器官）系统；制度 n. _15. 集中（注意力，思想等）；全神贯注

37、 vt. & vi. _（二）重点短语默写1. 锻炼 _2. 节食 _3.（头发等）脱落_4. 强身健体 _5. 充分利用 _ 6. 从长远角度看 _ 7. 事实上 _要点解读（一）词汇解读1contain vi. & vt. 包含，包括；能容纳【基本构词】container n. 容器【词语辨析】include和contain的用法比较include: 指在整体中能明确界定的几个部分，某整体包含或容纳某一部分。【典型例句】The health club includes a gym, a swimming pool, and a locker room.健身俱乐部包括体操房，

38、游泳池和更衣室。contain：指容器、空间里所有东西，侧重所含的量与成分。【典型例句】The bowl contains a variety of fruits. 碗里装有各种水果。注：include常以including名词代词或名词代词included的形式来举例，解释或补充说明。【典型例句】Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, including my mother.= Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, my mother included. 许多妇女，包

39、括我妈妈在内，在等着买那种布料。2prefer vt. 更喜欢【基本构词】preference n. 偏爱，倾向；优先权【短语搭配】prefer sth. / doing sth.宁愿，更喜欢 prefer sb. to do 愿意某人做 prefer to do 愿意做 prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿做而不愿做 【典型例句】I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities. 我喜欢安静的乡村胜过喧闹的城市。She has always pr

40、eferred making her own clothes to buying them in the shops. 她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服。3count vi. 认为，算作；重要 vt. 数数【短语搭配】count in 把计算在内；包括在内；把考虑在内；包括 count as视为；算是；看成 count on依靠 count out点数；不把算在内【典型例句】They are counting the books they collected. 他们正在数收集来的书。In sport what really counts is not the winning but

41、the playing. 就运动而言，重要的不是赢而是参与。4damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害【短语搭配】do damage to 对造成损害 【典型例句】The heavy rain didnt do much damage to the crops. 这次暴风雨没有对农作物造成很大的损失。【词语辨析】damage, destroy, ruin的区别1) damage 指“损坏”，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的。例如：Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness. 由于长期生

42、病，她的心脏受到了轻度损伤。2) destroy意为“破坏，摧毁；消灭，毁灭”，指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意。例如：The building was completely destroyed by the fire. 这座房子被大火烧光了。3) ruin意为“破坏；使毁灭；破产”，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。【典型例句】The heavy rain ruined our holiday. 大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。（二）句型解读However, your mother knows the best: nothing is more important than health.

43、 但是，你妈妈她最清楚不过：没有什么比健康更重要。【句型】nothing（或no +名词）+动词（常用be）+比较级+than【精讲】此句型意为“没有比更”。这是用否定词与比较级形式一起表最高级意义的句型。1) Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。2) No place is better than ones home. 没有任何地方比得上自己的家。（三）语法解读 定语从句定语从句的分类（1）限定性定语从句：起着界定先行词的身份、而不至与同类人或事物混

44、淆的作用，一般不用逗号将它与主句隔开。 The one of my brothers who is in the army now used to be an art student. 我的一个在当兵的兄弟学过艺术。（定语从句界定one of my brothers的身份：有多个兄弟，这里指的是当兵的兄弟）The travellers who had already been informed of the flood stopped their journey. 那些已经获悉洪灾的路人暂停了行程。（只有获悉洪灾的路人才终止了行程，没有获悉洪灾的路人并没有暂停其行程。）（2）非限定性定语从句：

45、不起界定先行词身份的作用，因为先行词身份已经为读者或听话人所明确而不会混淆（要么由于同类只有其一个，或者上下文已经让读者或听话人明确其身份），而是起着给先行词增加信息的作用。一般要用逗号和主句隔开。不能用that引导非限定性定语从句。My brother, who is in the army now, used to be an artist. 我兄弟学过艺术，他现在当兵。（只有一个兄弟）The travellers, who had already been informed of the flood, stopped their journey. 由于路人们已经获悉了洪灾，他们都暂停了行

46、程。（所有的路人们都终止了其行程，用从句顺便说明一下其原因）反意疑问句，亦可称之为附加疑问句疑问句部分用降调表示说话人期待对方同意自己的想法或看法，有时甚至相当于感叹句的作用；用升调则表示说话人对没有把握的事情进行询问。构成反意疑问句的基本法则：（1）陈述句是肯定句时，简短的疑问句必须是否定形式；陈述句是否定句时，简短的疑问句必须是肯定形式。同时，简短的疑问句的人称代词和时态要与主句保持一致。例如：Daniel and Eric are very smart boys, arent they? 丹尼尔和埃里克是非常聪明的孩子，是吧？You dont feel so energetic, do

47、you? 你感觉精力不那么充沛，是不是？Jenny found it great fun to study Chinese, didnt she? 珍妮发觉学中文挺有趣，是不是？（2）当主句有否定代词（如：nothing, no one, nobody, few, little, neither, none等）或者有否定副词（如：never, hardly, seldom等）时，通常被视为否定句，所以简短的疑问句必须是肯定形式。但是，如果句中有通过加前缀或后缀变成含有否定意思的词（如：disagree不同意, careless粗心的, untidy不整齐的, impossible不可能的），则

48、此句不能视为否定句。例如：Few of the students can swim, can they? 没有几个学生会游泳，是吗？It is impossible for humans to climb that high, isnt it? 人类不可能爬那么高，是不是？（3）当主句是祈使句时，简短的疑问句常用will you；不过，如果主句是Lets开头的话，那么简短的疑问句就用shall we。例如：Remember me to your parents, will you? 代我向你父母表示问候，好吗？Dont be late for school next time, will you? 下次上学别迟到了，好吗？Lets keep in touch with each other in future, shall we? 我们今后相互保持联系，好吗？达标练习（一）单项选择1. Henry drove his car carelessly, _ caused a traffic accident.A. thatB. whichC