中考形容词副词专项复习

1、中考形容词副词专项复习编制：孙小金审核：杨瑞娟学习目标：1。注意形容词、副词在句中的作用。2比较级与最高级的构成，一些不规则变化，以及用法。3掌握有关形容词与副词的一些句型及用法。4形容词修饰不定代词的用法。考点精析一、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词 的句法作用 ：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。如： a big yellow wooden Chinese ship (一个黄色的大型中国木船)前置形容词（作定语）的顺序为：冠词 +描述性形容词（pretty/ugly/kind等） +表特

2、征形容词（大形新年色）+专属形容词（国籍等）+材料+名词作表语时放在连系动词之后，构成系表结构。如：The idea sounds great .连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look( 看起来 ), sound（听起来） , smell （闻起来） , taste（尝起来） , feel（感到，摸起来） .作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如： We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think +宾语 +形容词（作宾补）后置的情况： 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如： Someth

3、ing serious has happened to him .(他发生了严重的事故)与表示 “长、宽、高、重、老、远离 ”的词连用时形容词后置。如： Hes 1.8 metrestall .(他身高 1.8 米。 )The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth .(月球离地 38 万公里 )二、副词 ：用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、 方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类 ： (见下表 )地点 /方位副疑问 /连接副时间副词频度副词程度副词方式副其他副词词词词today, tomorrow,o

4、nce,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early, late,always,anywhere,rather,alone,when,as, on,off,quite,above,once, soon, just,usually,how, so,fast,why,either,outside,tonight, long,often,in, inside,much, just,together,whetheryes, n

5、o,out,already, yet,sometimesback, up,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherbefore,down,ago, later, evernever,away, off,almost,-ly 结尾关系副词maybe,sincefar,hardly,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as的副词where,perhaps,等 ,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,第页共9页1somet

6、ime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：（副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可放句首修饰整个句子。）作状语 ： 时间副词 ：一般放在句首或句尾,注意 ,early 、late、before、later 、yet 等一般放在句尾,already 、just 一般放在动词的前面。 频度副词 ：一般放在be 动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但 sometimes、often 等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually 可放在句首 ,once 可放在句尾 ,twice、three times 等一般放在句尾。 方式副词 ：一般放在

7、行为动之后,suddenly 可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people canhardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly hesaw a light in the dark cave (山洞 ).(突然 ,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词 ：一般放在句尾 ,但 here、there 还可放在句首。 如：There you can see thousands of bikesrunning in all directions( 方向 ).(在那里 ,你可以看到成千上万的自行

8、车朝各个方向流动) / Thefrightened wolf ran away. (受到惊吓的狼逃开了 ) / He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去 ,很快又返回 ) 程度副词 ：修饰动词时 ,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意 ,enough 总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only 位置比较灵活 ,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了 ) / I

9、t was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵 ) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus .(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车 ) 疑问副词 ：用于对句子的状语进行提问 ,位置总是在句首。 如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？ )/ Why did littleEdison sit on some eggs?( 小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/How do you do? (你

10、好！ ) 连接副词 ：用来引导主语从句、 宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。 How I am going to kill thecat is still a question. (我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of thetiger. (那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因 ) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事 ) 关系副词 ：用来引导定语从句 ,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where MrZhang oncelived

11、. (这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tellme the way how you have learned Englishsowell .( 请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)其它副词 ：too“也 ”,用在句尾； also 放在动词前； either “也 ”（用于否定句） ,放在句尾； nor “也不 ”,放在句首； so“如此 ,这样 ”,放在形容词、副词前； on/off “开 /关 ”放在动词之后； not 放在 be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps 放在句首； certainly 放在句首或动词之前。如： He went to

12、the Palace Museum and I went there,too. (他去了故宫博物院 ,我也去了 ) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket. (也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里 ) / - Tom doesn t have a computer. Nor do I. (汤姆没有计算机 ,我也没有。 )(2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语 ,放在 be 等连系动词之后 ,说明人物所处的位置。 如：I m very sorry he isn in tat the moment. (很抱歉 ,他此刻不在家 ) / I have been

13、away from my hometown for nearly20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20 年了 ) / Jim is over there. (吉姆就在那边 )(3)作定语：时间副词 (如 now、then) 以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。 如：Peoplenow oftenhave theirfestivaldinnersat restaurants. ( 现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) /Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20 年代的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语

14、补足语： 地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are givingout bad smell! (吉姆 ,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing hislessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业) 注意 “动词 +副词 ”的宾语如果是代词,则代词放在动词与副词之间，如果宾语是名词则可以放中间，也可放后面 。第页共9页2如： He wrote down the word. (他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)类似的有：put i

15、t/them ontake it/them offturn it/them on/offhand it/them in三、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类 ：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级 三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化 :(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est 构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加 er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加 er,est：c) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ,先把 y 改为 i 再加上 er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加 more / mo

16、st.3、不规则变化 :原级比较级最高级good 好的better 更好的best 最好的well 好； (身体 )好的 ,bad, badly 糟糕的 ,糟糕地worse更糟糕的 ,更糟糕地；worst 最糟糕的 , 最糟糕地；ill (身体 )不舒服的(身体 )更不舒服的( 身体 )最不舒服的many 许多的 (可数 )more 更多的；更most 最多的；最much 许多的 (不可数 )；非常little 少的less 更少的least 最少的far 远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest 最远的；最远地further进一步的 (地 )furthest 最深刻的 (地 )

17、4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：级比较程度别肯定原同形等式表达方式和意义例句备注As+ 原级 +asArt is as interesting as music.(像一样 )Play as well as you can.程否级度定形式不同程度（用于两者比比较）较级程度加深not + so (as) + 原级 +as(不如那样 )比较级 +than(比 )比较级 +and+ 比较级（越来越）The +比较级， the + 比English isnot so difficultasscience.注意 I dontthink 否定前She does not think swimmi

18、ng is移句型as interesting as hiking.比较级前面可以加Jim is older than Luky.much, far,I like pork better than beef.even, still,a lot, a little,a bit 等He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The morebooks she reads, the第页共9页3较级better she understand.（越,越）Spring is the best season of the最最高程度副

19、词最 高级The +最高级 +of (in)year.前 面 的 the高（用于三者或(最 )Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of级三者以上）all.往往省略注意：有些形容词，如dead, empty, round, sure, woolen等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例： His bike is newer than hers. (见到 than 必须用比较级 ) Jimisthetallestinourclass.( 在 班 集 等 集 体 内 用 介 词in来 表 示 比 较 的 范 围 ) Jim is the tal

20、lest of all (the studens) .( 见到 of all要用最高级 ) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到 of the three 要用最高级 ) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? ( 两者比用比较级) Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ? （三者或三者以上比用最高级） This ruler is short , Please give me

21、a longer one . I d likethe bigger (one)of the two cakes. （两者中“较 ”用“the+ 比较级”） Tom istwo years olderthan I.汤姆比我大两岁。Tom istwice as old asI.汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number ofthe students in our school isbigger/larger/smallerthan yours.我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/ 小。（两个数量 / 目只级比较大小，不能比较多少( 价格 price只能比较高低，用“high ”或“ low”，不能比

22、较贵或便宜)6、比较级与最高级的互换 Jim is taller than any other boyin our class.( 吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高)= Jim is taller than t he other boys in our class.( 在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any of the other boysin our class.= Jim is the tallest boy in our class.（吉姆是我们班最高的） . Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比

23、我们班的任何一个女孩都高） .Tom isn tas/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike.= Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isntas/so interesting asthat book.=Thisbook is lessinterestingthan thatbook =That book ismore interestingthan thisbook.7、比较级前常用的修饰语:比较级前常用 a bit/a little （一点）， m

24、uch/a lot （非常） ,even/far( 更加 ),stil l 等词语表示程度。而表示数量的 more 之前还可以加 some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot 等词。例如： She is a little taller than I (me). Rose is much more careful than Tom. Would you like some more coffee?( 你还要些咖啡吗？)He did not eat any more.( 他没有再吃 )8、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项:1. than 必须放

25、在形容词比较级的后面。2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the 可以省略。3. 在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。 His ruler is longer than I. ( 错 )His ruler is longer than mine.( 对 )The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that 不能少 )第页共9页4聚焦 2008 年江苏省中考题（） 1.It was _ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic无锡市A. such fineB. suc

26、h a fineC. so fineD. so fine a（） 2.My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining_.无锡市A. badlyB. hardlyC. probablyD. heavily（） 3.Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends.苏州市A. more carefullyB. the most carefully C. less carefullyD. the least carefully（） 4. Mrs King kept weig

27、hing herself to see how much_she was getting.南京市A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavierD. the heaviest（） 5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? Yes, I did. It was covered_, and I think it was wonderful. 扬州市A. liveB. aliveC livingD. lively（） 6. The girl's voice sounds_. Maybe she can become

28、 a good singer when she grows up.淮安市A. sweetB. sweetlyC. beautifully（） 7. How are you today, Bob? I'm even_now. I don't think the medicine is good for me.南通市A. betterB. worseC. happierD. unluckier（） 8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is_to be a famous writer.宿迁市A. enough creativeB

29、. creative enoughC. energetic enoughD. enough energetic（） 9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_Anita does. 宿迁市A. so good asB. as well asC. as good asD. so well as（） 10. When the fire broke out, many people were so_that they ran_. 宿迁市A. frightening; wildB. frightened; wildC. fr

30、ightened; wildlyD. frightening; wildly（） 11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs_days.宿迁市A. more twoB. two moreC. two anotherD. another more（） 12. In the Science Museum, the children felt_to see so many_things.镇江市A. surprised; amazedB. surprising; amazingCsurprising; a

31、mazed D. surprised; amazing（） 13. It was _ music that I lost myself in it.泰州市A. such a beautifulB. so beautiful aC. so beautifulD. such beautiful（） 14. Be _. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time.盐城市A. peacefulB. carefulC. helpfulD. thankful（） 15. When an earthquake happens, and

32、you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open areaas _as possible. 盐城市A. slowlyB. quietlyC. widelyD. quickly（） 16. I've got nothing to do. I'm _. 徐州市A. boredB. interestedC. excitedD. frightened（） 17. She was _ well dressed that she attracted everyone's attention at the party.

33、常州市A. soB. quiteC. tooD. very（） 18. Peter drives_Amy, so it will take Petertime to get to the hotel.常州市A. much faster than; lessB. more slowly than; lessC as fast as; moreD. as slowly as; more二、单词填空：1. Many Chinese have trouble using a knife and fork _ (correct).无锡市2.When you feel tired, your weardb

34、ette(energy) colours, such as green. 无锡市3.Don t get _ (patient) about your personal trouble. 无锡市第页共9页54. _ ( 医疗的 ) workers are badly needed in those earthquake-hit areas. 无锡市5.Sleep is _( 必要的 ) to health. 苏州市6.I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more _( 舒服地 ). 苏州市7.She has been a ver

35、y_(勇敢的 )little girl.苏州市8.The book should be returned no_( 迟) than next Friday.苏州市9. Susan often goes swimming in summer when it's warm and(晴朗的 ). 南京市10.I like working here because everyone is_(friend).南京市11.Finally help reached the flood victims in the damaged village_.( 成功 ). 连云港12.The gui is a

36、 top student in her school. Shell go abroad for_study next month. ( far)扬州市13. Do you want to learn how to cook healthy and_food? Of course, (taste) 扬州市14.His father was looking_at him because he had made a serious mistake. ( angry)扬州市15. I could_( 几乎不 ) find my old house because great changes had t

37、aken place there. 淮安市16. The museum has lots of amazing things. It's_( 值得 ) a visit. 南通市17. I have a weight problem and it's_( 必要的 ) for me to change my diet and take more exercise. 南通18. It is very_(有意义的) for me to join the Tree-planting Club.宿迁市19. The weather today becomes even_( bad). Wh

38、y not take a raincoat with you? 宿迁市20. If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is_( polite). 宿迁市21. How_(quick) Betty answered the teacher's question! 宿迁市22. Blue is a calm and_(peace) colour. It can make you feel relaxed. 镇江市23."Why didn't you tell me earlier?&quo

39、t; the boss shouted_( 生气 ). 镇江市24.Mary was too_( 紧张 ) to describe the accident clearly. 镇江市25. If you don seetthe doctor at once, you ll get even _ (ill)泰later州市on.26. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire _ (successful). 泰州市27. He is quite an _ (energy) man because he always stays up late bu

40、t gets up early. 泰州市28.What s the weather like in yourhometown now?It s usually very_ (热 ) and often rains a lot. 盐城市29. Scientists have found that talking to another person for 10 minutes a day can help you remember things_ (好 ) than not to. 盐城市30. The _ (high) you climb, the more beautiful view yo

41、u will see.徐州市31. Nancy is patient and she doesn't give up _ (easy). 徐州市32. He seemed _ (friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm and kind. 徐州33. Mary passed her examination because she studied very _ ( 努力 ). 徐州市34. In the eighteenth century, more people cam

42、e to America, _ ( 主要地 ,大部分地 ) Europeans. 徐州35. It's_(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. 常州市36. We hope the weather will be fine, but it is getting even_(bad). 常州市37. The computer is_( 广泛 ) used in our daily life. We can do many things with it. 常州市聚焦 2009 年江苏省中考题（） 1. I'

43、;m much _ than my two friends, but I jump _ of us three.南通市A. taller; higherB. shorter; higherC. taller; highestD. shorter; highest（） 2. I like the pop star _ that I never miss his concert.南通市A. very muchB. too muchC. quite muchD so much（） 3. Lily is _ hard-working than any other student in her clas

44、s.淮安市A. muchB. moreC. mostD. the most（） 4 . Grandma, you must feel _after cleaning the house. Let's take a rest.淮安市第页共9页6A. tiredB. wellC. goodD. angry（） 5. Curing sick people is _ important_ doctors must be careful.泰州市A. too, toB. so, thatC. enough, toD. such, that（） 6. John sings so well. Has

45、he ever been trained? No. He learns all by himself. He_ goes to any training class.常州市A. usuallyB. oftenC. neverD. even（）7. Mark speaks English well, but you_ him. Thank you.常州市.A. speak as badly asB. speak worse thanC. don t speak so badly asD. speak much better than（） 8. Love will _ last if we lov

46、e the whole fine things around us.盐城市A. seldomB. alwaysC. neverD. sometimes（） 9. I'm his best friend. I know him well probably _ than anyone else.盐城市A. lessB. widerC. betterD. deeper（） 10. That lady is a vegetarian( 素食主义者 ). She _ eats meat. 镇江市A. oftenB. sometimesC. seldomD. usually（） 11. Li Li

47、anjie often donates much money to poor people. He is a well-known _ actor.镇江市A. creativeB. generousC. modestD. confident（） 12 We arrived_late that there were seats left 苏州市A muchB tooC soD very（） 13 Of the two T-shirts ， I d choose the_one to save some money for a book 苏州市A cheapestB cheaperC more e

48、xpensiveD most expensive（） 14. Was Henry late for the concert yesterday? No. He got there even ten minutes _ than us two. 扬州市A. earlierB. earliestC. laterD. latest（） 15. The question is_ that nobody can answer it.宿迁市A. very hardB. too difficultC. strange enoughD. so strange（） 16. I find this compute

49、r game _ to play.无锡市A. enough easyB. easy enoughC. enough easilyD. easily enough（） 17. -Which of those radios sounds _? -The smallest one. 无锡市A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best二、单词填空：1. Miss Li is _ ( 严格的 ) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in our school.南通市2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim _ (单独 )in the river. 南通市3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. I'm sure it will be used _ (wide) in the world. 淮安市4. Eating too much fast food is not _ (health). 淮安市5. _(lucky), the sick boy had a