软件工程外文翻译文献

1、软件工程外文翻译文献软件工程外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)Software engineeringSoftware engineering is the study of the use of engineering methods to build and maintain effective, practical and high-quality software disciplines. It involves the programming language, database, software development tools, system platfor

2、m, standards, design patterns and so on. In modern society, the software used in many ways. Typical software such as email, embedded systems, human-machine interface, office packages, operating systems, compilers, databases, games. Meanwhile, almost all the various sectors of computer software appli

3、cations, such as industry, agriculture, banking, aviation and government departments. These applications facilitate the economic and social development,软件工程外文翻译文献improve people's working efficiency, while improving the quality of life. Software engineers is to create software applications of peo

4、ple collectively, according to which software engineers can be divided into different areas of system analysts, software designers, system architects, programmers, testers and so on. It is also often used to refer to a variety of software engineers, programmers.OriginIn view of difficulties encounte

5、red in software development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1968 organized the first Conference on Software Engineering, and will be presented at the "software engineering" to define the knowledge required for software development, and suggested that "software developmen

6、t the activities of similar projects should be. " Software Engineering has formally proposed since 1968, this time to accumulate a large number of research results, widely lot of technical practice, academia and industry through the joint efforts of software engineering is gradually developing

7、into a professional discipline.Definitioncreation and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain reliable and economically efficient software.application of systematic, follow the principle can be measured approach to development, operation and maintenance of software; that is to be软件工程外

8、文翻译文献applied to software engineering.The development, management and updating software products related to theories, methods and tools.A knowledge or discipline (discipline), aims to produce good quality, punctual delivery, within budget and meet users need software.the practical application of scie

9、ntific knowledge in the design, build computer programs, and the accompanying documents produced, and the subsequent operation and maintenance. Use systematic production and maintenance of software products related to technology and management expertise to enable software development and changes in

10、the limited time and under cost.Construction team of engineers developed the knowledge of large software systems disciplines.the software analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of a systematic method.the systematic application of tools and techniques in the development of computer-based ap

11、plications.Software Engineering and Computer ScienceSoftware development in the end is a science or an engineering, this is a question to be debated for a long time. In fact, both the two characteristics of software development. But this does not mean that they can be confused with each other. Many

12、people think that software软件工程外文翻译文献engineering, computer science and information science-based as in the traditional sense of the physical and chemical engineering as. In the U.S., about 40% of software engineers with a degree in computer science. Elsewhere in the world, this ratio is also similar.

13、 They will not necessarily use every day knowledge of computer science, but every day they use the software engineering knowledge.For example, Peter McBreen that software "engineering" means higher degree of rigor and proven processes, not suitable for all types of software development sta

14、ge. Peter McBreen in the book "Software Craftsmanship: The New Imperative" put forward the so-called "craftsmanship" of the argument, consider that a key factor in the success of software development, is to develop the skills, not "manufacturing" software process.Softwa

15、re engineering and computer programmingSoftware engineering exists in a variety of applications exist in all aspects of software development. The program design typically include program design and coding of the iterative process, it is a stage of software development.Software engineering, software

16、project seeks to provide guidance in all aspects, from feasibility analysis software until the software after completion of maintenance work. Software engineering that software development and marketing activities are closely related. Such as软件工程外文翻译文献software sales, user training, hardware and soft

17、ware associated with installation. Software engineering methodology that should not be an independent programmer from the team and to develop, and the program of preparation can not be divorced from the software requirements, design, and customer interests.Software engineering design of industrial d

18、evelopment is the embodiment of a computer program.Software crisisSoftware engineering, rooted in the 20th century to the rise of 60,70 and 80 years of software crisis. At that time, many of the software have been a tragic final outcome. Many of the software development time significantly beyond the

19、 planned schedule. Some projects led to the loss of property, and even some of the software led to casualties. While software developers have found it increasingly difficult for software development.OS 360 operating system is considered to be a typical case. Until now, it is still used in the IBM360

20、 series host. This experience for decades, even extremely complex software projects do not have a set of programs included in the original design of work systems. OS 360 is the first large software project, which uses about 1,000 programmers. Fred Brooks in his subsequent masterpiece, "The Myth

21、ical Man Month" (The Mythical Man-Month) in the once admitted that in his management of the软件工程外文翻译文献project, he made a million dollar mistake.Property losses: software error may result in significant property damage. European Ariane rocket explosion is one of the most painful lesson.Casualties

22、: As computer software is widely used, including hospitals and other industries closely related to life. Therefore, the software error might also result in personal injury or death.Was used extensively in software engineering is the Therac-25 case of accidents. In 1985 between June and January 1987,

23、 six known medical errors from the Therac-25 to exceed the dose leads to death or severe radiation burns. In industry, some embedded systems do not lead to the normal operation of the machine, which will push some people into the woods.MethodologyThere are many ways software engineering aspects of m

24、eaning. Including project management, analysis, design, program preparation, testing and quality control.Software design methods can be distinguished as the heavyweight and lightweight methods. Heavyweight methods produce large amounts of official documentation.Heavyweight development methodologies,

25、 including the famous ISO 9000, CMM, and the Unified Process (RUP).软件工程外文翻译文献Lightweight development process is not an official document of the large number of requirements. Lightweight methods, including well-known Extreme Programming (XP) and agile process (Agile Processes).According to the "

26、new methodology" in this article, heavyweight method presented is a "defensive" posture. In the application of the "heavyweight methods" software organizations, due to a software project manager with little or no involvement in program design, can not grasp the item from the

27、 details of the progress of the project which will have a "fear", constantly had to ask the programmer to write a lot of "software development documentation." The lightweight methods are presented "aggressive" attitude, which is from the XP method is particularly emphas

28、ized four criteria - "communication, simplicity, feedback and courage" to be reflected on. There are some people that the "heavyweight method" is suitable for large software team (dozens or more) use, and "lightweight methods" for small software team (a few people, a do

29、zen people) to use. Of course, on the heavyweight and lightweight method of approach has many advantages and disadvantages of debate, and various methods are constantly evolving.Some methodologists think that people should be strictly followed in the development and implementation of these methods.

30、But some people do not have the conditions to implement these methods. In fact, the软件工程外文翻译文献method by which software development depends on many factors, but subject to environmental constraints.Software development processSoftware development process, with the subsequent development of technology

31、evolution and improvement. From the early waterfall (Waterfall) development model to the subsequent emergence of the spiral iterative (Spiral) development, which recently began the rise of agile development methodologies (Agile), they showed a different era in the development process for software in

32、dustry different awareness and understanding of different types of projects for the method.Note distinction between software development process and software process improvement important difference between. Such as ISO 15504, ISO 9000, CMM, CMMI such terms are elaborated in the framework of softwar

33、e process improvement, they provide a series of standards and policies to guide software organizations how to improve the quality of the software development process, the ability of software organizations, and not give a specific definition of the development process.Development of software engineer

34、ing"Agile Development" (Agile Development) is considered an important software engineering development. It stressed that software development should be able to possible future changes and uncertainties软件工程外文翻译文献of a comprehensive response.Agile development is considered a "lightweight

35、" approach. In the lightweight approach should be the most prestigious "Extreme Programming" (Extreme Programming, referred to as XP). Correspond with the lightweight approach is the "heavyweight method" exists. Heavyweight approach emphasizes the development process as the center, rather than people-centered. E