托福独立写作技巧

1、学会中间段写作中间段的写作其实非常简单，只需要把提纲中的信息按照顺序写成语句就行了，只是中国考生要学会逻辑连接、句式连接并避免抽象地空谈。比如：A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.假

2、设考生写的第一层是建工厂的好处，第二层是建工厂的坏处（注意这是一道比较/反差类题目）。现在我们写第二层：建工厂对社区不好，而想写的是环境方面的内容，提纲可以是：Harmful: pollution, not worth itAir: acid rain, ozone depletion ,greenhouseWater: drinking waterTrees: floods and droughts这个段落可以这样写：Building large factories would be harmful to the community because it will induce enviro

3、nmental pollution. Factories, especially those emoloying toxic chemicals, will definitely destroy the quality of air and water in town. They generate smog and other atmospheric emissions which contribute to the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion and acid rain; they dump industrial waste into rivers

4、which are supposed to be drinking water supply; they accelerate the deforestation which is proven to beresponsible for abnormal floods and regional drought. And peoples health is at stake. Having a few factories is not worth that risk.再比如：It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of

5、 its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer.假设考生写的第一层是关于艺术家对社会的贡献，第二层写科学家对社会的贡献，而想写的内容是环境方面的，提纲可以写成： Scientists: mor

6、e obviousAdvancement: Plane, computer, vacuum cleanerMake our lives easier, more secureHelp arts: CD, TV, movie, mp3这个段落可以这样写：The contributions scientists make to society are more obvious than those made by artists. Almost all the critical advancements that make our lives easier, such as the plane w

7、e take to travel abroad, the computers we use (whether for work or for entertainments, and the home appliances which help us cook our meals and clean our houses, come from the creative ideas and hard work of scientists. Those scientific discoveries and innovations make out work more efficient, our s

8、hopping more convenient, and our lives more secure. Plus, to some extent scientists even contribute a lot to the arts without technological progress, there wouldnt have been movie centers, television, and mp3 players which infuse art into ordinary peoples lives.最后还有一例：Some people believe that univer

9、sity students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.假设考生要写第三层： 听课使我们学会服从，听课帮我们学会合作，听课让我们更深刻地理解肯本内容。现在写第二层：听课让我们学会合作，提纲如下： CooperationGr

10、oup assignment: impossible for 1 person/ need different perspectivesCooperate: budget time, assign tasks, be perfect, express opinionsReady for challenges at work这个段落就可以这样写：Attending class teaches students how to cooperate with others. Different from students in primary or secondary school, universi

11、ty students are often given group assignments which are technically impossible for one person to finish in time or which have no universal answers and, therefore, need to be contemplated from various perspectives. As a result, boys and girls are forced to learn how to work with others for a common g

12、oal such as how to budget time and assign tasks according to each persons skills without causing “free-ride”, how to perfect your task without annoying other team mates, and how to express your opinion about other members work without triggering frictions or stupid fights. All of the above make coll

13、ege students mature and sensible, ready to meet the challenges they will soon face in the workplace. Therefore, attending classes is necessary for university students.通过以上三个例子，可以发现其实最重要的是在列提纲的时候组织事实，中间段只是用正确的语句和词汇表达这些事实。建议练习：1、选出10个列过提纲的题目；2、为这些提纲的每一层设置2-3层细节；3、把这些层次写成中间段。学会开头和结尾段写作：一个饱满的开头短包含三个层次：话

14、题引入层次抓住阅卷者的注意力，主题句层次清晰地展现观点，结构暗示层次提示中间段的层次结构或视角。 话题引入：这一层次有很多种写法，可以用“故事”开头，用“名人名言或谚语”引出话题，用“语出惊人”的方式开头，用“描述现状”的方式开头，用“问句”开头等。 主题句：这一层次的关键是把观点写清楚，可以加上“in my view”之类的信号词，可以加上针对观点的总的抽象理由，可以加上让步层次。 结构暗示：这一层次用一句话提示中间段将出现几个层次，或者分析问题的视角。请看下面一例中每个层次可以怎样完成。Do you agree or disagree that progress is always goo

15、d? Use specific reasons and example to support your answer.开头段可以这样写：Progress in technology, as an inevitable fact of life, has changed peoples lives dramatically. But is progress always for the best? While one considers the potentially dangerous impact of changes such asindustrialization and the adv

16、ent of nuclear technology, it is clear that progress, while inescapable, is not always for the best.Art, historians say, is a kind of culture.文章开始（Progress in technology, as an inevitable fact of life, has changed peoples lives dramatically. But is progress always for the best? 用一句话描述关键词 “Progress”在

17、我们生活中的影响，然后用问句引出话题【话题引入】，之后用“the potentially dangerous impact of changes such as undustrialization and the advent of nuclear technology提示读者文章后面将从两个角度入手谈这个问题【结构暗示】，最后用it is clear that progress, while inescapable, is not always for the best清晰地阐明观点【主题句】。请看下面一题：Do you agree or disagree with the followin

18、g statement?Playing games teaches us about life.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.开头段可以这样写：Almost everyone,from like children to adults, loves games. The types of games may change and get more complex as we grow up, but our enjoyment never changes. I believe that playing games is both fun and useful, because it teaches us the skills we need in life. Games teach us there is a cause-effect relationship, teach us about teamwork, and teach us to follow rules.Transgress/violate文章开始（“Almost eve