教学目的掌握翻译技巧根据上下文选词

1、Topic 11 Diction 教学目的：掌握翻译技巧根据上下文选词教学重难点：词义辨析与正确选词教学方法：讲练结合教学参考资料：郭著章，英汉互译实用教程；常玉田，经贸汉译英教程等教学时间：2节课By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.E.g. Tension is building up.Without context, both “tension” and “build

2、up” may have various explanations. Thus this sentence may be translated into different Chinese expressions accordingly:形势紧张起来。/电压在加强。/张力在增大。/ 压力在增强。翻译的甘苦“翻译大概是没有止境的工作。译者尽管千改万改, 总觉得没有到家。 译者常感叹 翻译吃力不讨好, 确是深知甘苦之谈。达不到原作的好, 译者本人也自恨不好。如果译者自以为好, 得不到读者称好, 费尽力气为自己叫好, 还是吃力不讨好。” -杨绛失败的经验1. Correspondence betwe

3、en English and Chinese at Word Level1. Word-for-word Correspondence: Eg. Marxism, Aspirin, Laser, Leukemia,2. One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning3. One Word with Several Equivalents of the Different Meanings Eg. cousin, President, walk, step, pace, hide, tread, tramp, march4. Equi

4、valents Interwoven with One Another In this case, a certain word may be treated differently according to various circumstances or collocations. Eg. say, speak, talk, tell5. Words without Equivalents In this case, an explanation is given instead of an equivalent.Eg.这种情况必须改变。This state of affairs must

5、 change.现在的情况不同了。 Now things are different. 他们的情况怎么样？How do matters stand with them?前线有什么情况? How is the situation at the front?我们可能去那里，那得看情况而定。 We may go there, but that depends.2. Distinguish the meaning总体说来，在英汉翻译中要真正准确地理解英语词语的意义，往往要从以下四个方面入手：（1）根据上下文进行判断；（2）根据搭配来进行判断；（3）根据语法形式来进行判断；（4）根据词在句中的词类来进行

6、判断。1. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of context（根据上下文进行判断）词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。这就要弄懂汉语的意思和所用英文词汇的真正准确含义。如： 1、外面有人叫你。 Somebody outside is calling you .2、气笛在叫。 The steam whistle is blowing .3、叫他进来吗？ Shall I ask him in ?4、医生叫你卧床休息。 The doctor orde

7、red you to stay in bed.1、Hell be very happy if that story holds up. 2、The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest. 3、A young man came to Scotts office with a story.1、有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 2、丽泰海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。3、一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。2. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of collocati

8、on（根据搭配来确定词义) the fast growth 迅速发展fast music 节奏快的音乐a fast journey 行程紧凑的一次旅行fast asleep 熟睡break ones fast by drinking some milk 开斋喝了点牛奶 stick fast in the mud 牢牢地陷在泥巴里 3. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of syntax（从词的语法形式判断）agreement 同意 an agreement 协定 people 人民 a people 民族

9、 use 使用 uses 用途 4. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of its part of speech （根据词在句中的词类来进行判断）I dont like it when she tells me how to do things. From what you say, she sounds like the right person for the job. Do you make bread like you make cakes? Will we ever see the like o

10、f Mozart again?3. Distinguish the Meaning and Select an appropriate word (辨析词义和正确选词)(一) 注意词的广义和狭义 农业：agriculture（包括农业，畜牧业，林业，渔业）(farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side occupations and fishery)(二) 注意词义的强弱和轻重这就点燃了武装斗争的燎原大火。 This lit the first spark in revolutionary armed struggle.评：这不是一般的具体的点火，而是具有

11、伟大历史意义的抽象的点火，所以lit 与文章的气氛不相称，应用kindle。译为kindled the prairie fire.(三) 注意词义的褒贬.听到你母亲去世的消息后我非常悲痛。I am deeply grieved to hear that your mother kicked the bucket .(四) 注意词的政治含义农民：peasant和farmer侵略：invasion和aggression (五) 去掉不适当的夸张： 译文要确切，严谨，不要夸张，不要言过其实。只有在要达到夸张的目的时，译文才采取相应的夸张手段。如：政府声明，议论文，说明文。1. 该市的人都赞成。Eve

12、ryone in the city agrees with it.Almost everyone in the city is in favor of it.2. 世界上公认他是最伟大的政治家。He is everybodys choice as the worlds greatest statesman. He is generally acknowledged as 3. 和这里的人们一样，他也喜欢吃土豆。Like all people here, he likes to eat potatoes. Like most people here, helices to eat potatoe

13、s.More Examples1. They wanted us to have tea, but we said wed just had it. Then Miss Standish wanted us to have tea and cake. tea: a beverage prepared by infusing tea leaves in boiling water a light meal or social gathering in the afternoon at which tea is usu. served.2. He is unhappy now, because h

14、e had a blue with his friend just now. blue: an argument, quarrel or fight.3. Thats a tall story about the towns high street. a tall story: something hard to believe high: main4. 王教授精通小学和大学。 Professor Wang is a master of the study of ancient forms, phonology and meaning of written language as well a

15、s the book “The Great Learning”.5. 三个人品字式坐了随便谈了几句。-子夜 The three men sat down facing each other and began casually chatting.6. 一个产品的含金量就能决定该产品是否受人欢迎。 The quality of a product decides whether this product will be well accepted or not.4. Practice (请试译以下含“化”的句子)1. 国民经济市场化社会化的程度明显提高。2. 加速教育后勤工作社会化。3. 控制人

16、口增长，提高人口素质，重视人口老龄化问题。4. 社会知识化5. 高校后勤服务社会化6. 科技成果市场化产业化Keys：1. 国民经济市场化社会化的程度明显提高。Market has noticeably assumed greater importance in our national economy and more and more social services have been available.The national economy is notably more market-oriented and socialized.2. 加速教育后勤工作社会化。Speed up t

17、he process of shifting general services in education from the government to society at large.4. 控制人口增长，提高人口素质，重视人口老龄化问题。With regard to population, we should control its growth and improve its quality, and pay attention to the problem of an aging population.7. 社会知识化to build a knowledge-driven society8. 高校后勤服务社会化system of commercializing university logistics9. 科技成果市场化产业化 commercialize scientific and technological results; gear scientific and technological results to the market and production.Just as a noted linguist has observed, “the meaning of a word is its use