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1、中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词同学们同学们: 加油加油!更多资源更多资源 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词一、什么是一、什么是“名词名词”及及名词的分类名词的分类 二、可数名词变复数的规则二、可数名词变复数的规则 三、不可数名词三、不可数名词 四、名词所有格四、名词所有格 五、练习五、练习 、典型例题分析、练习() ()() ( 4 )(1)(2)更多资源更多资源 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词名词名词:表示一类事物名称的词。表示一类事物名称的词。 类别类别用法用法例词例词 普普通通名名词词可数名词可数名词个体名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体表示某类人或东西中的个体P e n , s

2、t u d e n t , P e n , s t u d e n t , deskdesk集体名词集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体表示若干个个体组成的集合体School, family, School, family, classclass不可数名词不可数名词物质名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物表示无法分为个体的实物Tea, water, paperTea, water, paper抽象名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念等抽象概念Work, time, newsWork, time, news专专有有名名词词某个(些)人,地方,机构等某个(些)人,

3、地方,机构等专有的名称专有的名称Marx, Shanghai, Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great china, The Great Wall, PartyWall, Party中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词1.1.规则变化规则变化2.2.不规则变化不规则变化1 1、一般加、一般加-s,-s,如如:maps,cars:maps,cars 2 2、以、以s s , x x ,sh,sh, ch ch 结尾的加结尾的加-es;-es; 如:如:dish-dishes dish-dishes 3 3、以辅音字母加、以辅音字母加y y结尾的结尾的 , 先变先变y y为为

4、i i , ,再加再加-es ;-es ; 如:如: baby-babiesbaby-babies ,family-families4 4、以、以f,fef,fe结尾的名词,通常要变结尾的名词,通常要变f f 或或fefe为为v,v,再加再加-es;-es; 如如: : leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注注: : belief-beliefsbelief-beliefs(信心)(信心),roof-roofs,roof-roofs(屋

5、顶)(屋顶) , , safe-safessafe-safes(保险箱)(保险箱), gulf-gulfs, gulf-gulfs(海湾)则直接加(海湾)则直接加s s 5 5、以、以o o 结尾的名词,变复数时:结尾的名词,变复数时: a.a. 加加s s,如:,如: photo photo photos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio photos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio radios,zoo zoosradios,zoo zoos; b.b. 加加eses,如:,如:potato potatoespotato pot

6、atoes,tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(英雄英雄) ) 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词改变部分字母:改变部分字母:woman-women妇女,妇女,man-men男男人,人,policeman-polimen警察警察child-children孩子,孩子,mouse-mice老鼠老鼠,foot-feet脚脚,tooth-teeth牙牙,单、复数同形:单、复数同形:yuan元元,people人、人民人、人民,Chinese中国人,中国人,Japanese日本日本人人,sheep绵羊绵羊,deer,fish,关于关于

7、“国人国人”的复数:的复数:中、日友好:中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese中国人,中国人,Japanese-Japanese日本人日本人英、法联邦:英、法联邦:Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人英国男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人法国男人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人法国女人;澳、加(真)美澳、加(真)美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词

8、不可数名词:(前面不能用不可数名词:(前面不能用a,ana,an等来修饰)等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:液体类液体类(water)(water):juice(juice(果法果法) , tea) , tea(茶)(茶) , soup, soup(汤)(汤) ,milk,milk(牛奶)(牛奶) , , colacola(可乐)(可乐) ,coffee,coffee(咖啡)(咖啡) , ,肉类肉类(meat)(meat):beefbeef(牛肉)(牛肉),pork,pork(猪肉)(猪肉),mutton,mutton(羊肉)(羊肉)粉末类:粉末类:

9、breadbread(面包)(面包) , ,抽象名词类:抽象名词类:newsnews(新闻,消息)(新闻,消息),information,information(消息)(消息),money,money(钱)(钱),advice,advice(建意)(建意),friendship,friendship(友谊)(友谊) ,work,work(工作)(工作),homework,homework(家庭(家庭作业)作业),housework,housework(家务活)(家务活),schoolwork,schoolwork(学业)(学业),help,help(帮助)(帮助) ,fun ,fun (乐(乐

10、趣)趣),health,health(健康)(健康),price ,price (价格)(价格) 食物类(食物类(food)food):broccolibroccoli(花椰菜)(花椰菜) , rice, rice(大米,米饭)(大米,米饭) ,porridge,porridge(粥(粥) ,junk food) ,junk food(垃圾食品)(垃圾食品),chocolate,chocolate(巧克力)(巧克力) ,tofu,tofu(豆腐)(豆腐) 不可数名词计量的表达不可数名词计量的表达: :个数单位词:个数单位词:piece piece (张、片、块、条)(张、片、块、条), ,容器

11、单位词:容器单位词:bottlebottle(瓶)(瓶),bag,bag(包)(包),box,box(盒、箱)(盒、箱), ,类别单位词:类别单位词:kind( kind( 种、类种、类) )度量衡单位词:度量衡单位词:kilo(kilo(千克、公斤千克、公斤) ) 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词名词所有格:名词所有格:表示表示“(某人)的(某人)的”:一般在名词后加一般在名词后加s构成。构成。如:如:Jimsmother吉姆的妈妈吉姆的妈妈Myteachersdesk我老我老师的桌子师的桌子thedogsname那狗的名字那狗的名字若以若以S结尾词,则在结尾词,则在S后加后加.如:如:th

12、eboys那些男孩的。那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。如:如:LucyandLilysmother。Lucy和和Lily的妈妈(两人是姐妹)的妈妈(两人是姐妹)表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。如:如:LucysandLilysmothers.Lucy的妈妈和的妈妈和Lily的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)一般用一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:如:如:thedooroftheroom房间的门房间的门amapofChina一一张中国地图张

13、中国地图thephotosofmymysister我妹妹的照片我妹妹的照片双重所有格,例:双重所有格,例:a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词 典型题例分析 例例1 1 下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes3. A. desks B. Americans C. friend

14、s D. breads4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves 6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词例2 判断下列文哪句译正确: 多好的消息啊! A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !例3 单项选择 What y

15、ou need is moreWhat you need is more . Dont always do your at your desk. . Dont always do your at your desk.exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises 例4 单项选

16、择 All the All the teachers and teachers and students are having a party.students are having a party. A . women ; girls B . women ; girl A . women ; girls B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girlC . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl 例5 改错 My trousers are too long , but hers is too short .My t

17、rousers are too long , but hers is too short . 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空: I dont think maths I dont think maths ( be ) easy . ( be ) easy . 例7 单项选择: Mabel gave me Mabel gave me . . A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bre

18、ad D. two pieces of bread 例8 改错: Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ? Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ? 例9 单项选择: mother is a worker . mother is a worker . Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes C. Marys ane M

19、ike D. Mary and Mike C. Marys ane Mike D. Mary and Mike 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词例10 单项选择: 1.After the exams , we shall have holiday . A. two months B. two-month C. a two month D. a two months 2.Mr Smith is . A.English B. Englishman C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has

20、 become her second . A family B. home C. house D. country 4.Most Englist peoples family name comes A. first B. middle C. last D. together 5.There is a over the river . A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village 例13 改错 Youd better have walk after supper . 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词1The two girls are ( Japan ) .2. T

21、he ( baby ) are asleep .3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields . 6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are

22、too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词 单项选择: The boy dropped the and broke it .A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup2. In time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too .A. few years B. a few year

23、s C. a few year D. a few years3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her to the . A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital4. I have to tell you . A. a news B. many news C. a good piece of news D. many newses5. are sold in that shop . A. Mens and childrens shoes B. Mens and childs shoesC. Mens an

24、d children shoes D. Man and child shoes中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词6. If anyone comes to see me , ask him to leave a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice7. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. Mothers of Mary.8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller . A

25、. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair9. Its my dog . A. sister Lilys B. sisters Lilys C. sister Lily D. sisters Lily10. She had beautiful black but I could see some white . A. hair ; hair B. hairs ;hairs C. hair ; hairs D. hairs;hair中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词名称名称 总称总称( (谓语用复数谓语用复数) )一个人一个人 两个人两个人 中国人中国人the Chinese

26、 a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人日本人the Japanese a J

27、apanese two Japanese 美国人美国人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人英国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes注意:与注意:与 man 和和 woman构成的

28、合成词,其复数形式也是构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和和-women。 如:如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但但German不是合成词,故复数形式为不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans 中考英语英语语法词性详解二-名词1. 1.名词前的修饰词:名词前的修饰词:放在可数名词复数前的有:放在可数名词复数前的有:many(many(许多)许多) , few, few(很少)(很少) , a , a fewfew(一些)(一些), ,放在不可数名词复数前的有放在不可数名词复数前的有: much(: much(许多)许多) , little , little (很少)(很少), a , a littlelittle(一些)(一些)( (可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:a lot of ,lots of(a lot of ,lots of(许多)许多), , some some (一些)(一些) 2. 2.有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:如:goodsgoods货物,货物,waterswaters水域,水域,fishesfishes(各种)鱼(各种)鱼3.3

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