现在完成时讲解与习题

1、For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useFor personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语 +have/has+过去分词（done） 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他例: They have lived here for a long time. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他例: She has n't spoke n to him. 一般

2、疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他例：Have you seen Matthew? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法”现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.例：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .）2）现在完成时的"

3、未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for （ +时间段）,sinee（ +时间点）连用.例: Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has bee n ill since three days ago.1. 现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语)女口 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、 afternoon)等，除非与 for, since 连用.2. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already

4、(肯定)，yet (否定，疑问)，just, before, recently, still, lately 等:例: He has already obtained a scholarship.I have n't see n much of him recen tly (lately).We have see n that film before.Have they found the miss ing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如ever, never, twice, several times等：例: Have you ever bee

5、n to BeijingI have n ever heard Bunny say anything aga inst her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gen tlema n several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present（now）, so far 等 : 例： Peter has written six

6、papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作 We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别： have been to 强调 “去过 ”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。 (过去 “到美国 ”，现在已 “不在美国 ”) have gone to 主要强调的是 “去了 ”

7、，现在人不在说话的现场，如： -Where's your mother? - 你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. - 她去医院了。 has been in 一直在某地 三、现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成 " 助动词 have (has) +动词过去分词 " 构成现在完成时。如：1. Kate's never seen Chinese films， ?A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is sheKate's 是 Kate has 的缩写，故选 B

8、。析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. （ 改为否定句 ）His uncle posted the photos to him .析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填has n't, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式

9、保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数 ,故选 D 。二、考查其用法与标志词（一）当句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-you your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishD. Have; finished2. - you anywhere before?-Yes, but I can't remember where IA.

10、Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据 yet 和 before 可知 ,应用现在完成时，故 1 题选 D， 2 题选 D。（二） 当句中有"for +段时间”或"sinee +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词 （短语）。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twieehe eame to

11、Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for 析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表”段时间”的短语连用，故选 D。3. Ia letter from him since he left.A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. hav

12、en't heard析：据 since 可知，应排除 A、 C， "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb." 意为 "收到某人的来信 "，故选 B。三、考查 have/has been （to, in）/have/has gone （to）的区别。如：1. -Have you everLintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的h

13、ave，排除A，B项意为"去某地了 ”，C项意为"一直呆在某地”，D项意为"去过某地”，符合题意， 故选 D 。2. My parents Shangdong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除 C, B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选 A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there

14、for ten years.（改成正确的句子 ）析：非延续性动词与 "段时间 "连用时,除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外,还可把动词改为一般过去时或 借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为： Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in thi

15、s city for more than ten years.（改为同义句 ）more than ten years Susan to this city.析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。3. I won't go to the concert because I my ticket.A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming 析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去,而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果,符合现在完成时所表示的含意, 故选 C。五、英语的行为动词有持续性

16、动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词 : 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词 : 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear,

17、stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法：（ 1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有 3 年了。）不用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了

18、。 ）不用 has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time? (离家已有好久了吗？)不用 has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away2、 come be here3、come back be back4、 leave be away( be not here)5、buy have6、borrow keep7、 die be dead8、 begin be on9、finish be over10、 open be open13 、get to know know17、join be in

19、()或14、 turn onbe on be a member11 、 close be closed15、 get up be up18、 become be12、 lose be lost16、 sit down sit/beseated(2)用it issi nee结构来替换瞬间动词 例 1 ：电影已经开映 5 分钟了。(两种方法) The film has been on for five minutes. It 's five minutes sinee the film began.例 2：他离开上海已有 3 天了。（两种方法） He has been away from

20、Shanghai for three days. It is three days sinee he left Shanghai. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。 （一种方法）例 3： It 's two weeks sinee I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）How long is it sinee be found his sister?例 4：瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用I haven ' t seen you for a long time好久没见到你了。）练习题一、单项选择1

21、. Li Hong has the army for 2 years.A. joined B. be in C. been inD. joined in2. We have been friends sinee .A. ehildren B. five yearsC. five years ago3. Mike the story for a month.A. has bought B. has had C. had hadD. five years beforeD. has borrowed4. You that question three times.A. already askedB.

22、 have already asked5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou C. already have askedD. asked alreadyA. sinee last weekB. a week ago C. for a weekD. sinee a week ago6. I at this sehool for two years.A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied7. They in the eity sinee last summer.A. live B. didn &#

23、39; t live C. have livedD. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou 1 992.A. sinee B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. Black China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to10. His father for years.A. has diedB. has been dead C. died D. dies11. Mary to see the films because s

24、he it twice.A. won 't go, sawB. won' t go, will seeC. won 't go, has seen D. didn 't go, sees12. Would you like some more food?Thank you. I enough.A. will haveB. have hadC. haveD. had13. you England?-Yes, it a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, wasB. Have , been to, isC. Had, been t

25、o, isD. Have, gone to, is14. you to Beijing?No, I .I there early next month.A. Have, been, haven ' t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn ' t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven ' t, was goingD. Did, go, didn ' t, was going15. -You sister to London to study English. Is that true?-Yes , she _ there

26、for two months.A. has been, has beenB. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He it two days agoA. buyB. boughtC. buys D. has bought17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai.A. has gone toB. has been toC. went toD. goes to18. He his homework and is now liste

27、ning to music.A. finishesB. has finished C. finish D. is finishing19. David Shanghai for more than three months.A. came toB. has been toC. has been inD. has come to20. - Is your father a Party member?- Yes, he the party three years ago. He a Party member for three years.A. joined; has beenB. has joi

28、ned; has beenC. was joined; isD. joined; was21. -What a nice bike! How long you it?Just five weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had22. I this book for a week .I have to return it now.A. borrowedB. have borrowed C. keptD. have kept23. your sister in Green China for a long time?Yes. S

29、he joined it five years ago.A. Has; beenB. Have; beenC. Has; joinedD. Have; joined24. -How long have you from the USA?For three months.A. come backB. returnedC. go backD. been back25. I this book for half a year.A. have boughtB. have hadC. boughtD. had26. The students are sorry to hear that famous s

30、inger for a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away27. - you your homework yet?-Yes, I it just now.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD. Will; do; finish28. The sand storm weather in Beijing several times this year.A. happen B. happened C. h

31、as happened29. -How long have you been here?- last month.D. have happenedA. For B. Until C. Before D. Since30. He a cold for three days.A. has caughtB. has hadC. has gotD. caught31. Jim Green in China for two years.A. has comeB. has beenC. has arrivedD. came32. The film for half an hour.A. has been

32、onB. has begunC. hasn ' t begunD. began33. Where have you these days ？ I have to Beijing with my friendsA. been ； goneB. been ；beenC. gone ；beenD. gone ； gone34 How long have you this book ？A. boughtB borrowedChadD lent35. We have lived here five years ago A. whenB sinceC beforeD after36I have w

33、atched the game When you it ？A have ； watchedBdo ； watch37 How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black ？Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adon't visitB didn't visit38 Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twiceAhave beenB has beenC39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twiceC did ； watchD will ； watchC haven

34、9;t visitedD hadn't visitedhave goneD has gonehe came to YunnanDforCwas deadD has diedA after B beforeCsince40 His grandpa for two yearsAwas diedBhas been dead41 Have you ever to Haikou ？Yes ，I there with my family last AugustA gone ；wentBbeen；wentC been ；went toD been ；was in42. His sister her

35、hometown for three years. She'll return next yearA leftB has leftC has been awayD has been away from二、用适当的时态填空：1.She ' s (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour (pass) since the train (leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen. you (see) it here and there?6. you (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I just (have) some orange.8. We already (return) the book.9. they (build) a new school in the