英语专题辅导和训练非谓语动词ppt课件

1、第6讲 非谓语动词【典题自测】1. (2019新课标全国卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. to permitC. permitted D. permit【解析】选A。考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许, 晚会就在花园里举行。根据句子结构可知, 此处weather permitting是独立主格结构, 相当于if weather permits。2. （2019山东高考George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left hi

2、m. A. to be told B. tellingC. being told D. told【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战后归来, 却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。only to be told表示出乎意料的结果, George与tell之间是被动关系, 用be told；telling中tell与George是主动关系, 不符合逻辑关系；表示出乎意料的结果时only后面不接doing形式, C项不符合语法。故选A。3. (2019福建高考)Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the

3、boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realizedC. to realize D. being realized【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：迫于父母的压力, 并且意识到他已经浪费了太多的时间, 这个男孩决定不再玩电子游戏。句子主语为the boy, the boy和realize 之间为主动关系, 故排除B、D两项, to realize从时态上看表将来, 不合题意, 故选A。4. (2019全国卷)Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for

4、 him. A. hoping B. to hopeC. hoped D. having hoped【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：托尼把钱借给了我, 希望我也为他做同样多的事。hoping为现在分词作状语, 表示托尼借钱给我时的心理状态。5. （2019陕西高考_ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. A. Standing B. To standC. Stood D. Stand【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：排成长队, 我们等着店铺开门来买一台新的苹果平板电脑。stand与其逻

5、辑主语之间是主动关系, 要用v. -ing形式作状语, 排除C项。所以A项符合题意。6. (2019安徽高考)I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lockC. having locked D. to have locked【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开办公室前我记住了锁门, 但是忘记了关灯。remember to do sth. 意为“记住要去做某事”, remember doing sth. 意为“记得以前做过某事

6、”。本题是对发生在过去情况的客观陈述, 根据but可知前后是互相对立的两件事情, 即“记住了锁门而忘记了关灯”, 故选B。7. （2019浙江高考No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent. A. remain B. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：不管你是一个多么聪明的健谈者, 有时你最好保持沉默。it is+adj. +to do是常用句型, it作形式主语, 真正的主语是不定式；it

7、is+adj. +doing只用于一些固定句型, 如its no use/no good/useless. . . doing。故选D。8. （2019湖南高考Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. doC. to be done D. to do【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有一个好的开始, 但是接下来, 更多的工作要做以实现最终的成功。need表“需求后跟to be done或动词的-ing形式主动形式表被动且工作应该是被做,

8、 C项为to be done形式, 符合题意。故选C。A项为现在分词的被动式, 表进行、被动；B项为动词原形； D项为不定式, 表将来的主动的动作。9. （2019陕西高考If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. A. meets B. meetingC. meet D. to meet【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果接受了这项工作, 那他别无选择只会遇到更大的挑战。have no choice but to+动词原形为固定结构, 所以D项符合题意。10. （201

9、9浙江高考）“Its such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reservedC. reserving D. reserved【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：当母亲坐在为顾客预留的桌子旁时, 她说“这地方真好”。此处考查非谓语动词作定语, table和reserve之间是被动关系。to be reserved表将来, 不合题意；having reserved不能作定语；reserving表主动进行, 也不合题意。故选D。11. (

10、2019江西高考)John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it. A. offered B. offeringC. to offer D. to be offered【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰真的得到这份工作了, 因为他让我看了提供给他工作的那封正式信件。由句式结构可知逻辑主语letter和offer之间是主动关系, 且动作已发生, 所以用offering him it作letter的后置定语。12. （2019北京高考Birds singing is sometimes

11、 a warning to other birds _ away. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：有时候鸟叫声是一种让其他鸟离开的警告。to stay away是不定式短语作warning的定语。13. (2019重庆高考)Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being madeC. made

12、D. having been made【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们半个小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。由句意可知, 非谓语动词作decision的定语, make和decision之间是被动关系, 且是将来发生的动作, 应用不定式的被动形式。to be made表被动和将来；being made表被动和进行；made表被动和完成；having been made表被动和完成, 但一般不作定语。故选A。14. (2019四川高考)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car

13、_. A. washed B. washC. washing D. to wash【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：在你开车进城之前, 你应该清洗你的车。get sth. done使某事被做。车辆与清洗之间是动宾关系, 故用washed表被动。15. (2019四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. windC. winding D. wound【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。notice

14、sb. /sth. doing sth. 注意到某人/某物正在做某事。wind的逻辑主语为snake, 且与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系, 所以应用现在分词winding作宾语补足语表示主动、进展。【考点归纳】一、非谓语动词作状语1. 不定式作状语。不定式作状语通常表示：(1)缘由 (多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的 (可用so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表意想不到的结果, 常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear the news. (缘由)To get there

15、 on time I got up very early. (目的)He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. (结果)2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时, 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知该做什么, 他去找他父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时, 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more attention, the tr

16、ees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些, 它们本来会长得更好。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表示被动关系, 其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated坐着的）、hidden躲着）、stationed驻扎）、lost/absorbed in沉溺于）、 born in出身于）、dressed in穿着）、tired of厌烦了等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中, 他没有听到那个声音。3. 独立主格结构作状语。如果分词作状语的

17、逻辑主语不是句子的主语, 须在分词前面加上它自己的主语, 这种结构叫独立主格结构, 其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构with+宾语+宾语补足语作状语。 (1)名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 女孩两眼望着他, 他不知道说什么好。 (2)名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The problems solved (= As the problems were

18、solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决, 质量已经提高了。 (3)名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系, 且强调的是一次具体性的动作。He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件, 他要做一个飞机模型。 (4)with复合结构with+宾语+宾语补足语作状语, 是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语, 关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。With time passing by (time和pass之间为主动关系),

19、 he almost forgot everything in the past. 随着时间的流逝, 他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。He sat on the chair, with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系) behind his back. 他坐在椅子上, 双手在背后捆着。二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语1. 非谓语动词作主语。(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain. （动名词作主语）(2)To see is to believe. （不定式作主语

20、）(3)It is important to respect people. （不定式短语作主语, it作形式主语）(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk. （动名词短语作主语, it作形式主语）2. 非谓语动词作表语。(1)动名词作表语时, 说明主语的性质, 回答what引导的问句。(2)不定式作表语时, 说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3. 非谓语动词作宾语。 非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词: (1)afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, manag

21、e, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。(2)appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。【特别提醒】 1. 动名词作宾语时, 可以带逻辑主语。此时, 逻辑主语

22、可以是物主代词的宾格或所有格。Do you mind my/me reading your paper? 你介意我看你的考卷吗？2. 作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式, 还有完成式、被动式。完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。(1)I regret not having taken her advice. (not须放在having前)我感到遗憾, 没有听从她的建议。(2)They couldnt stand being treated like that. 他们不能忍受被那样对待。(3)He decided to help me but I p

23、retended to have finished my job. 他决定帮我, 但我假装已经完成工作了。三、非谓语动词作定语1. 不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置, 它与所修饰的名词或不定代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to enter the room. （主谓关系）I have something important to say. （动宾关系）He has no opportunity to go abroad. （同位关系）2. 动名词作定语多前置, 表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading room (= a room for rea

24、ding) 3. 现在分词作定语表主动和进行, 可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed (=which is being discussed) now is important. 4. 过去分词作定语表被动和完成, 也可转换为定语从句。The question discussed(=which was discussed) yesterday is important. 四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语 常见的作宾语补足语的非谓语动词的形式：【特别提醒】 1. 使役动词have和get的用法：have+宾语+do/doing/done=get+宾语+to do/d

25、oing/done。2. 感官动词的常用结构：感官动词+宾语+do/doing/done。3. 表示“知道或“以为等的动词believe, consider, feel, know, think, suppose, understand, imagine的常用结构：动词+宾语+to be/to have done/to be doing。其中to have done表示先于谓语动词发生, to be doing表示当时正在发生。此结构常用于被动语态。【易错点1】误判逻辑主语1. (2019新课标全国卷)Film has a much shorter history, especially wh

26、en _ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【易错分析】考生容易误选B项。原因在于没有找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语, 错误地认为compare to的逻辑主语是“人们”, 将时间状语从句的句意理解为：当人们比较电影、音乐和绘画等艺术形式的时候。【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：电影和音乐、绘画这样的艺术相比, 历史是较短的。此处的逻辑主语film和compare之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词。when compared to

27、 such art forms as music and painting相当于when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting。2. （2019山东高考After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. providedC. having provided D. provide【易错分析】考生容易误选C项。原因在于没有找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语, 并且根据汉语的思维将句意理解为“将表格

28、装在我们早就提供的信封里”。【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：填完并签名后, 请将表格装在提供的信封里返给我们。the envelope provided意为“提供的信封”, provided为过去分词作后置定语, 与envelope是被动关系, 相当于定语从句the envelope that/which is viding表示主动进行；having provided表示主动完成；provide是动词原形, 在句中作谓语, 不能作定语。3. (2019湖南高考)The lecture, _ at 7: 00 pm last night, was followed b

29、y an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being startedC. to start D. to be started【易错分析】考生容易误选B项或D项。原因在于认为start与lecture二者之间应为被动关系, 即演讲“被开始”, 但却忽视了时间状语last night。【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：开始于昨晚七点的讲座之后是通过望远镜观察月亮。lecture与start构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词形式作定语。A项为现在分词形式, 表主动, 符合题意。B项为现在分词的被动式, 表被动进行；C

30、项为动词不定式, 表将来发生的动作；D项为不定式的被动式, 表将来被动。【思路点拨】(1)准确判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语并判断二者之间的关系是做好非谓语动词试题的关键。可以说非谓语动词的逻辑主语是打开非谓语动词这扇门的钥匙。(2)非谓语动词作状语, 其逻辑主语一般是主句的主语, 若二者之间是被动关系, 则用过去分词；若二者之间是主动关系, 则用现在分词；动词不定式作状语时, 二者之间也是主动关系, 但多表目的和出乎意料的结果。(3)不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置, 现在分词作定语与其所修饰的词逻辑主语之间是主动关系。过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词逻辑主语之间是被动关系。【易错点2】误用时态语态4.

31、 (2019天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leaveC. leaving D. having left【易错分析】考生容易误选D项。原因在于没有掌握现在分词的一般式和完成式的区别。【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：他起床晚了, 没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。因为句子的主语he和leave之间存在主动关系, 排除表被动的过去分词left；而to leave为动词不定式, 一般表目的或意料之外的一种结果, 排除B；而having left为现在分词的完成式,

32、 其表示的动作发生在主句谓语表示的动作之前, 这显然不合逻辑, 排除D项; leaving为现在分词作伴随状语, 为正确答案。5. (2019重庆高考) _ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To askC. Having asked D. To be asked【易错分析】考生容易误选C项。原因在于没有掌握现在分词的主动形式和被动形式的区别。【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,

33、且所表达的动作发生在谓语动词missed之前, 应用现在分词的完成被动形式。having been asked既表被动, 又表完成, 在句中作原因状语； to ask表主动, 表目的；having asked表完成, 表主动；to be asked表被动和目的。故选A。【思路点拨】(1)不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后, 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生, 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。例如：Im glad to meet you. The boy pretended to be working hard. He is pleased to have met his friend. (2)现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生, 完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生, 常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and