现在完成时讲解及练习

1、Unit 9:现在完成时讲解1. 基本结构：助动词 have/has+（done）2. 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has柱语+过去分词+其他.简略答语：Yes,主语 + have/has.值定）No,主语 + haven't/hasn't.（否定）3. 用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.含义是:现在我没有钱花了 .）My father has gone to work.（含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿）（2）现在完

2、成时 可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或 状态（be动词表示）常与for （+时间段），since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连 用.for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） sin ce+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+寸段+since+A句（过去时）Mary has been 川 for three days.I have lived here since 1998.4 . has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）的区另 UHave/Has gone（to）去了 （现在不在说话

3、现场）Where is your father? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to）去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.5 .现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现 在仍有影响 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：* 以ever和never为标志This is the best f

4、ilm I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有至过 xx。* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times他说他已经去过 xx 三次了。* 以so far （到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.至 目前为止他已至了 xx。She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以 从动作

5、延续”的特性和 时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。*for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last week, three years ago等；2）不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的 过去时间状语连用六.过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构 成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed。”work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d Jl

6、ive-lived-lived ,(3)、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i",再加“ ed。”study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加 “ ed。”stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2、：AAA型原型过去式过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hi

7、t hitput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadread read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型run ran run特殊情况ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foun

8、dhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laid lead led ledlose lost lostmake made mademeet met metsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told toldthink thought thoughtwin won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blownbreak broke

9、 broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim

10、swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote writtenbuyhave borrow keepgo outbe out leave -be awaybeginbe onfinishbe overopenbe openclose be closeddiebe dead l.have代替 buyMy brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for

11、quite a few days.How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put onb)用“be形容词”代1、be+ married 代 marry2、be+ill 代 fall (get)川3、be+ dead 代 die4、be+ asleep代 fall (get) asleep5、be+ awake 代 wake/wake up6、be+ gone代 lose,d

12、ie,sell,leave7、be+open 代 open8、be closed 代 close/shut9、be+ missing(gone,10st戕 losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词1 “ be on”代 start,begin2 “be up”代 get upd）用“be介词短语”代终止性动词3 .用 be in the army 代替 join the army4 . “be in/at地点”代替 move to常用瞬间动词变表： have been in sw./at 相应的介词5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. ha

13、ve got up have be en up7. have died have been dead8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep11. havemarried have been mq rried12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth.13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have los

14、t haven ' t had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to-beeven20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armys member/have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party league member/the soldier

15、现在完成时练习（一）A）选用have, has填空：1. I told him the news.3. You won the game.B）按要求改写下列各句：5. He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答）C）单项选择6. -Where have you, Kate?-I've to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been de

16、ad D. has been died8. It's six weeks I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached现在完成时练习（二）单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）A . knew

17、 B . have known C . must know D .will know2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ?A . already B .never C .ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li?A . just B . ago C .before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years .A . is writing B .was writing C .wrote D .has written5、Our country

18、 a lot so far .for a year. （die）（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago洞义句转换）This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.同义句转换）Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother the Party three years.7、The Green Family moved to France two yea

19、rs ago.词义句转换） two years the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.把两个句子合并成一个句子）9 / 13三、xx。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过xx。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过xx。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的 动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难 度较大，往往无时

20、间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下 文分析、推理，正确答案是2、现在完成时常与already （已经），just （刚刚，正好），ever （曾 经），never （从来，也不；从不），before （以前），yet （仍然）等连用。故 2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently （近来），so far （到目前为止），in the past/ “last一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推 算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选D。6、现在完成时时常与“for时间段或since讨去时间点”连用（含从句，从 句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与 once （一次），twice （两次），three times （三次）， several times （几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生 在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状 态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于 xx一件过去的事情，与现在没有关 系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时 间状语（如yes