宾语从句语法

1、宾语从句：宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下面几个方面总结归纳如下：I heard that he would come here later on. （作动词heard的宾语）He said nothing about who broke the window last night.(作介词about的宾语)注意：学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态 一.连接词 1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多

2、动词如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。I told him that he was wrong. 1）注意：在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。 例：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) False:

3、 I think he doesnt like the English teacher. Ryight: I dont think he likes the English teacher.2）注意：在许多带有复合宾语的句子中， that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例： We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) 2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。Whether,if(是否)在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下， whether和if可以替换。I dont k

4、now if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the job.注意：1）在whether or not结构中不能用if替换。I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.2）在不定式前只能用whether.如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。3)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 Everything depends on whether we have enough

5、money3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作连接词。它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I dont know where he lives. (where做地点状语)1）注意：当who为主语时，句式为： who+谓语+其他 He wanted to know who hadnt passed the exam.2）注意： 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。I believe that they wil

6、l come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for usFalse: He wonders when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He wonders when he can finish this difficult job.二.判断时态情况： 1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。She says that she is a student. She says that she can sing a son

7、g in English.He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. She says that she has finished her homework already.2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态She said that she was a student. She said that she could sing a song in English. She said that she would fly to Japan in a we

8、ek. She said that she had finished her homework already.False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.注意：如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮围着地球转 Father told m

9、e that practice makes perfect . He told me that Japan is an island country. 最后特别注意：1）Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例： Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 宾语从句与简单句的交换。 2）由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。I dont know what I should do next. I

10、dont know what to do next. He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live. 由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。 例：She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. 宾语从句专练1.Can you see_? A. what

11、hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子) Do you know_Jack _from Japan? 3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he_ the Disney the next day A.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visi

12、t 4.He didnt know_ A.whats the matter B.what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what the matter was 5.Somebody called you just now, but I didnt know_ A.who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it was 6.I want to know_ A.what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what h

13、is name is 7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for? -Her cousin,susan. A.that B.whose C .who D.which 8.-What are you searching the Internet for? -Im trying to find out_. A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B.How many persons have died in Iraq C.How to protect our environment D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea