高三一轮复习定语从句总结

1、 定语从句定语从句 I like the green team. I like the team in green. I like the team who were wearing green.这是我的杯子这是我的杯子This is This is mymy cup. cup.这是装满水的杯子。这是装满水的杯子。This is the cup This is the cup full of teafull of tea. .这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is the cup This is the cup which I drink tea withwhich I dri

2、nk tea with. .当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时， 就用短语；就用短语； 如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。定语从句的定义定语从句的定义 定语从句，也称关系从句和形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制，描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个句子或主句中的一部分），即句子作定语。The girlThe girl whowho is standing there is Mary. is standing there is Mary.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词被定语从句所修饰

3、的名词或代词。关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词先行词 + + 定语从句定语从句（ 名词名词/ /代词代词 ） + +（关系词其他成分）（关系词其他成分）关系词关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句, 起着起着连接主从句连接主从句，指代先行词指代先行词和和在从句中作句子成分在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。的三重作用。先行词 关系词定语从句 1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句. 2.指代作用:在从句中指代它前面的先行词. 3.成分作用:在从句中充当成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who, whom,which,that); 表语(that,as

4、);定语(whose,of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,其他成分一般不可省略.判断是定语从句的三要素 1. 看是否有先行词。 2 看是否有关系词。 3 看是否关系词在定语从句中做成分。This is This is the cupthe cup whichwhich I drink tea with. I drink tea with.The girlThe girl whowho is standing thereis standing there is Mary. is Mary.This

5、is This is the scientistthe scientist whosewhose name is known all over the country. name is known all over the country.先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句关系词在定语从句中做主语关系词在定语从句里做宾语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。 October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. This is the place where

6、 my mother was born. I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today先行词关系词定语从句关系副词在定语从句中时间状语。先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中地点状语。定语从句先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中原因状语。定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词thatthat人人+物物否whose/of whichwhose 作定语 是which/thatWho(m) /that 作宾语否是否可略是否可略which/thatwho/that 作主语物物人人 句子成分先行词作表语作表语thatthat /which是在定语从句中用什么关系词的

7、方法 1.看先行词是什么. 2.看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分.主语(who,that,which);宾语(who, whom,which,that); 表语(that,as);定语(whose,of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).Titanic is the ship _ sank after hitting an iceberg.that/whichRose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.who/that3. The house they buil

8、t in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 1. The earthquake hit the city in 2008 was the biggest in Chinese history.2. We dont know the number of people lost their homes in 1906 earthquakethat / which that / who （which /that）4. The students are talking about the strange stories and persons _ they met i

9、n the village. 5. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .6. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .(who/whom/that)whose(that)1. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用that，而，而不用不用whichThe first place _ they visited was Yangzhou. This is the third film _ has been shown i

10、n our school this term.The most important thing _ should be done now is to study English.(that)thatthat(that)This is the best film _ I have seen.2. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用that，而用而用which.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用that，而不用而不用whichThe writer and his novel _ you have just talked about

11、 is really well known.The bike and its rider _ had run over an old woman were held up by the police.There is nothing _ they want to buy.That is all _ I want to say.(that)(that)(that)that4 .先行词是先行词是all, much, little, few, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词用等不定代词用that，而不用，而不用

12、which5 .先行词被先行词被any, few ,little, no, all, one of, the same , the very, the only , just the等词等词修饰时修饰时The only thing _ we could do was to wait.This is one of the presents _ my boy friend gave me on my birthday.6 . .如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用已用whichwhich，另一个关系代词则宜用，另一个关系代词则宜用that,that,

13、以避免以避免语言的单调或重复。语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things _ had never been seen before. (that)(that)that7. 主句已有疑问词主句已有疑问词which时时,避免与先行词重复。避免与先行词重复。Which is the book _ he put here just now?that 8. 主句是主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用宜用that指代物。指代物。 Theres still a seat in the corner

14、 that is still free。 10.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用that，不宜用，不宜用which的情况：的情况：先行词指物时先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用whichwhich而不而不宜用宜用thatthat的情况的情况 This is the liberary fro

15、m which I borrowed the book. Is this the room in which Mr White lives? Crusoes dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.1、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不能省略。不能省略。2、在非限制性定语从句中。、在非限制性定语从句中。 3、当关系代词指代前面整个句子时当关系代词指代前面整个句子时He passed the exam, _ made his father very happy.which小结：关系代词指物时用

16、法要点定语从句中先行词指物宜用定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用，不宜用which的情况的情况. .1. 1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时. .2.2.先行词是序数词先行词是序数词, ,或它前面有一个序数词时或它前面有一个序数词时. .3.3.先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时4.4.先行词是先行词是all, much, little,something,everything, all, much, little,something,everything, anything, nothing, none,the one

17、anything, nothing, none,the one等代词时等代词时5.5.先行词先行词any, few,little,no, all, one of,the same, the very, any, few,little,no, all, one of,the same, the very, the only, just thethe only, just the等词修饰时等词修饰时6.6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单以避免语言的单调或重复。调或

18、重复。7.7.主句已有疑问词主句已有疑问词whichwhich时时8.8.主句是主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。指代物。9.被修饰词为数词时。被修饰词为数词时。先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不而不宜用宜用that的情况的情况。1. 1.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时, ,只用只用whichwhich，且关系代词且关系代词一律不能省略。一律不能省略。2.2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用在非限定性定语从句中，只用whichwhich，不用，不用thatthat。3.3.当关系代词

19、指代前面整个句子时。当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。 先行词指人时先行词指人时定语从句中关系代词定语从句中关系代词宜用宜用whowho而不宜而不宜用用thatthat的情况：的情况： 、先行词为、先行词为one, ones, anyone或或those时。时。 The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well. Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason. Those who are not fit for

20、 their work should leave office at once. 在在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 关系代词关系代词who指代人。指代人。 Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clause.关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 1. 1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用

21、用whichwhich代物代物，whomwhom代人代人。且关系代词一律。且关系代词一律不能省略。不能省略。( (固定短语中的介词不可提前固定短语中的介词不可提前) ) 例如：例如：I want to find the pen I want to find the pen with whichwith which I I wrote that letter.wrote that letter. 2. 2.介词在末尾时，可用介词在末尾时，可用that/whichthat/which（代物），（代物），that/whom/whothat/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且（代人）做介词的宾语

22、，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 例如：例如：The man The man whom/who/that/whom/who/that/可省可省 he he wants to see is in Shanghai.wants to see is in Shanghai. 关系代词关系代词as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister wears.(不是同一件不是同一件) (Cf. She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary

23、s wedding.（同一件）（同一件） Such people as were recommended by him were reliable .) He is as great a painter as ever lived. In the city, I once saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dreamt of. .定语从句的分类定语从句的分类： （1 1）限定性定语从句）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果：与先行词关系密切，如果 没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不

24、完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间句与先行词之间无逗号无逗号。 （2 2）非限定性定语从句）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号有逗号。 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上

25、个月买的。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）（限制性）（限制性）（非限制性）（非限制性） which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整整个句子个句子的情况或主句的某一部分某一部分。 有时as也可用作关系代词。 3. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 as与与which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 Wherever I met him, which was fairly frequent, I liked his sweet hopeful smil

26、e.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. Grammar, as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules. He is a bit out of his mind, as all those who know him can see. As a poet points out, life is but a dream. The material i

27、s elastic, as ( is ) shown in the figure. 1. which（它所引导的定语从句只能放在（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先行词后）先行词后） 2. as （它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前后都可以，并可翻译成后都可以，并可翻译成“正如正如”）关系代词关系代词asas的用法及其与的用法及其与whichwhich的区别。的区别。关系代词关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词而关系代词which则不可以。请比较则不可以。请比较：1.Our department will ho

28、ld the meeting, as is known by us. as在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有： as is well known as we all know as may be imagined as is expected as we had expected as is often the case _we all know, he is a famous scientist._is expected, he is a diligent boy._ everyone knows, it is necessary to build a

29、 hospital in this small town.It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, _is clear to us.1.Our department will hold the meeting, _ is known by us.AsAsAswhichas关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分红色部分的用法。的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in

30、the USA? 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didnt catch the bus. 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 小结归纳小结归纳 when 通常放在表示时间的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句1）； where放在表示地点的名词(先行词)后引导定语从句，如句2）；

31、 why经常放在reason (先行词)的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； 关系副词关系副词when, where, why的用法的用法 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。子加上特定的关系副词。2. 先行词和关系副词的种类先行词和关系副词的种类先行词先行词关系副词关系副词地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语wherewhenwhy关系副

32、词关系副词=介词介词+ which 关系副词关系副词when, where, why 和介词和介词+which的的关系关系 关系副词关系副词when, where, why可用适当的介词可用适当的介词+which来替代来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+whichPs:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。（在动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置注意固定短语中介

33、词的位置）whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词 + which”+ which”。Ill never forget the Ill never forget the dayday whenwhen I joined the army. I joined the army.on whichJim still remembers Jim still remembers the happy timethe happy time whenwhen we got we got together last year. together last year.

34、 during whichIt is It is 1st Oct.1st Oct. whenwhen we celebrate our nations we celebrate our nations birthday. birthday. on whichwherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词 + which”+ which”。This is the This is the househouse wherewhere I lived two years ago. I lived two years ago.in whichWe got th

35、e We got the stationstation early early wherewhere we saw Tom off. we saw Tom off. at whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词 for+ which”for+ which”。Do you know the Do you know the reasonreason whywhy she was late. she was late.for whichShe will never tell us the She will never tell us the re

36、asonsreasons whywhy she married she married such an old man. such an old man. for which1.I wont forget the time _I got married.2.Have you still remember the days _we stayed together?3.This is the place _we had a good time.4.Is this the house _Mr. Smith lives?5.I dont know the reason _he wont join us

37、.6.Do you know the reason _he didnt come to sweep the classroom?whenin whichwhenon whichwhereduring whichwherein whichwhyfor whichwhyfor which 关系副词关系副词when, where和关系代词和关系代词that, which的区分的区分 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用，有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen， 有时使

38、用有时使用that/whichthat/which同样是修饰同样是修饰reasonreason，有时使用，有时使用whywhy，有时使用，有时使用that.that.主要看：主要看： 从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词做从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词做状语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。状语，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。 请比较以下句子请比较以下句子： This is the park _we visited last year. This is the park _ we held a birthday party. Thats the date _she

39、wont forget for ever. Thats the date _ we went to the college. I like the time _ we had together. I like the time _we lived together. This is the reason_he explained for his carelessness in his work. This is the reason_ he did so. (that)whywhen从句意思不完整需要加宾语从句意思不完整需要加宾语where（从句完整，只需加上特的关系副词做状语）（从句完整，只

40、需加上特的关系副词做状语）thatthatthatwhen 一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where 解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，等表示抽象意义的词， 常用常用where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境到了某种地步，在某种境况中况中” 。 1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will b

41、reak out at any time. 1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed. 2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what 1B 2C关系代词关系代词that和和which在定语从句中在定语从句中充当主语或宾语充当主语或宾语关系副词关系副词when/ where/ why分别在分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，定语从句中充当时间状语， 地点状语地点状语和原因状语。和原因状语。 关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系

42、词在句中作用关系关系代词代词thatthat人人/ /物物主、宾主、宾whichwhich物物主、宾主、宾whowho人人主、宾主、宾whomwhom人人宾宾whosewhose人人/ /物物定定关系关系副词副词whenwhen时间时间时间状语时间状语wherewhere地点地点地点状语地点状语whywhy原因原因原因状语原因状语1. I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers which B. on which C. wh

43、en D. what2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which 3. The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday.The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday.A. how B. why C. that D. who4. Is this

44、school _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in _ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the one5. This is _ he said at he meeting yesterday. This is all_ he said at the meeting yesterday. A. that B. which C. what D. how6. _ is reported in the newspape

45、rs, they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams._ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 7. That is the house, _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the hous

46、e, _ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. A. its B. its C. whose D. of which8. John said hed been working in the office for hours, _ true. John said hed been working in the office for hours, but _ true. he was B. it was C. which w

47、as D. who was 这是我们曾经住过的房子 这是他们去年建的房子我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子This is the house where/ in which we once lived.This is the house which/ that they built last year.Ill never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 汉译英 1.你还记得我们一起在乡下度过的假期吗？ 2.这是我父亲从前工作过的工厂。 3.我找不到他离开这儿的原因。 4.我知道一个我们可以玩的开心的地方。 5.那就是他10

48、年前住过的房子。 6.那就是我去美国的那一年。1.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through.A. Its the reason B. Thats whyC. Theres why D. Its how 2.He made another wonderful discovery, _of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D.I think which is 3.He w

49、as very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. Who B. whom C. what D. whcih Thats whywhich I think iswhich历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题4.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower.A. that B. where C. which D. there 5.The boss _ department Ms King wor

50、ked ten years ago looks down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose 6.I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of whichwherein whosethe way历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题7.He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. t

51、his B. which C. that D. same 8.On the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its 9.Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often; I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. which C. that D. whenwhichwhosewhich历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题10.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her

52、 role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat (2000) 11. _has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which whichAs 历届高考定语从句例题历届高考定语从句例题Practicethe onethatasthatthatwhom I told youamong whichby which(A)that(c)thatwhich C

53、orrect mistakes for the following sentences. 1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? 4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in mat

54、hs. 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. whomwhosethatarelikes去掉her去掉itwhoThank you very much! The woman is my mother

55、. She is speaking at the meeting. The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.注意：注意： 因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主 句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都 跟在先行词之后，而且跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必它的人称、数必 须和先行词一致须和先行词一致。 关系代词的省略关系代词的省略 1. 1. 条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。 2. 2. 情况：情况： a. a.关系代词在从句中担

56、任动词宾语时关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时 b.b.在从句中做介词的宾语，在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾且介词在句尾 例如：例如：Here is the man Here is the man ( (that)that) you have been you have been looking looking forfor. . c. c.关系代词在从句中做表语时关系代词在从句中做表语时 例如：例如：Shanghai is no longer the city Shanghai is no longer the city (which)(which) it it used to be. us

57、ed to be. d.d.在在there bethere be句型中，先行词是句型中，先行词是wayway时，关系代时，关系代词省略。词省略。 例：例：I dont like I dont like the waythe way (that/in (that/in which) which) you talk to me.you talk to me.关系代词关系代词that和和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语在定语从句中充当主语或宾语关系副词关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，时间状语， 地点状语和原因状语。地点状语和原因状语。 例

58、如：This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 Ill never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （Where相当于相当于in the house 做地点状语）做地点状语）(which/ that 指代指代house 做做built 的宾语）的宾语）（When相当于相当于on the days 做时间状语，做时间状语， on the days “在这些日子在这些日子”）Ill never forget the days which we spent inBeijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子That