2020中考英语备考形容词(短语)副词词义辨析归纳汇总

1、中考英语备考形容词（短语）副词词义辨析归纳汇总二、形容词短语1 .与with搭配be angry with 生的气be born with 生来具有 be busy with 忙于 2 .与for搭配、各类形容词1.情绪类happy开心的down沮丧的bored无聊的sad伤心的worried担忧的sorry抱歉的angry生气的relaxed放松的glad乐意的up情绪高涨的interested感兴趣的surprised吃惊的2.性格类lazy懒惰的lively活泼的careful细心的active积极的boring无聊的careless粗心的shy害羞的strict严格的lovely可爱的

2、outgoing夕卜向的kind和蔼的brave勇敢的polite有礼貌的clever聪明的proud骄傲的rude粗鲁的stupid愚蠢的honest诚实的funny滑稽的，有趣的noisy吵闹的serious严肃的quiet安静的3状态类poor贫穷的small小的lonely孤单的rich富裕的big大的alone独自的quiet安静的full饱的alive活着的noisy吵闹的hungry饥饿的awake醒着的tired疲劳的famous著名的soft柔和的relaxed放松的good好的weak虚弱的4.身体状况类ill生病的strong强壮的worse更坏的healthy健康的we

3、ak虚弱的better更好的5.外貌特征类young年轻的thin瘦的blind盲的old年长的heavy重的deaf聋的lovely可爱的light轻的handsome英俊的ugly丑陋的strong强壮的fat胖的weak虚弱的6.天气类nice好的cool凉爽的fine晴朗的bad坏的warm暖和的windy有风的terrible恶劣的rainy有网的be careful with 对仔细be patient with 对有耐心be strict with对严厉、严格be bad for对有害be famous/ known for 因而出名be late for 迟至U3 .与to搭配

4、be friendly to对友好be harmful to 对有害4 .与of搭配be afraid of 害怕 be fond of 喜欢 be full of充满 5 .与about搭配be crazy about 对着迷be excited about 因而激动6淇他be good at擅长be mad at对感到生气be surprised at对感至U惊讶be/get ready for 为做准备be sorry for为感到抱歉、遗憾be thirsty for 渴望 be similar to 与相似be proud of为感至U自 豪be tired of厌烦be sure

5、about对有把握be worried about 为担心be hard on 对严苛be interested in 对感兴趣三、各类副词1.-ly结尾的副词 actually实际上 bravely勇敢地 certainly肯定地 carelessly 粗心地 badly严重地；恶劣地 busily忙碌地 carefully小心地 clearly清晰地 closely紧密地 easily容易地 exactly准确地 finally 最终2.频度副词 twice两次 daily天天，常常 always总是，经常 every day 每天 every week 每周 every month 每月

6、 3.时间副词 now现在 then然后today今天 tomorrow 明天 before以前happily快乐地immediately 立刻lately最近luckily幸运地nearly几乎possibly可能地quickly迅速地really真正地suddenly突然地confidently 自信地especially 尤其excitedly兴奋地weekly每周，每周一次usually 通常sometimes 有时ever曾经not any more/ longer 不再 again and again 一次又一次ago以前late晚，迟soon很快once曾经，以前still仍然f

7、reely自由地 heavily 重地 kindly亲切地 loudly大声地 mainly主要地politely礼貌地；客气地 properly合适地 quietly安静地 recently 最近 safely安全地at times有时，间或 now and then 偶尔 never从来不 often经常，常常yesterday 昨天already 已经early早点immediately 立即，立刻4.地点副词here这儿south南边behind后面there那儿east东边everywhere每个地方left左边upstairs 楼上anywhere任何地方right右边downst

8、airs 楼下west西边north北边above上方5.程度副词quite相当,完全，十分much许多enough足够rather相当,颇，有点儿a lot许多so这样，这么very非常a little 一点儿，一些hardly几乎不too太a bit少量almost几乎6 .表“也，又”的副词too一般用于肯定句，常放在句末，用逗号隔开as well一般用于肯定句，常放在句末also常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前either用于否定句，常放在句末，用逗号隔开四、特殊形式的形容词、副词既可作形容词也可作副词只能作副词close靠近的（地）closely密切地high高的（

9、地）highly高度地free免费的（地）freely自由地late晚的（地），迟的（地）lately近来deep深的（地）deeply深刻地;深入地near邻近的（地）nearly几乎;将近hard不易的/努力地hardly几乎不most大多数的（地）mostly主要地wide宽阔的/充分地widely广泛地、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Blue LightningSally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go

10、-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.Well," he said. "How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart "Blue Lightning". Dad looked over h

11、er work, thinking. "Well, that's interesting," he said. "Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed."Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.

12、Sally agreed.After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. "Well," she said. "Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.""Oh, do you?" he said. "Please share.""When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback," she said. "I think it's b

13、ecause of the lightning bolt ( 闪电)shape.""Very good!" Dad said."So, why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place?" Sally asked.Dad laughed. "Where's the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he'll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fis

14、h, he'll eat for a lifetime."Sally said, "I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!"Dad smiled. "Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way."That encouraged Sall

15、y and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.Finally came the race. Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.11) Sally thought of building a go-kart to.A. practice d

16、riving B. enter for a race C. play with friends D. do some research2 2) What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?A. To have a test drive.B. To take a good rest.C. To give it a cool name.D. To paint it light blue.3 3) Sally's story mainly tells us that.A. winning a race

17、is importantB. fishing brings us a lot of funC. driving experience is necessaryD. learning happens during the process【答案】(1) B(2) A(3) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正 确地做某事。(1)细节题。根据 This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.可知她想造卡丁车参加比 赛，故选Bo(2)细节

18、题。根据 Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.造好卡丁车后，爸爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。(3)主旨题。文章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选Do【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意 之后找出中心思想。2 .阅读理解In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin had a fight with the State of Zhao, Zhao needed some talented peo

19、ple to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Sui the man who believed he was the right person for this task came and recommended （推 荐）himself. And he made the king of Chu send the army to help successfully. Zhao was safe. From then on, Mao Sui became a well-known hero of the state.One day, Shang Yang put

20、a thin wooden stick near the south gate of the capital of Qin. He promised to pay 10 gold pieces to anyone who could move it to thenorthgate. It was such a simple job that all the people thought Shang was joking. Then he added 40moregold pieces. A man moved it and he really got 50 gold pieces. After

21、 that, the people of Qin believed Shang was a man of his word. So they all followed Shang's new laws later.Wang Xizhi was one of the most famous calligraphers（书法家） during the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China. When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and never stopped.One day, Wang Xizh

22、i wrote in wood for an engraver（ 雕刻师） to cut. Then the engraver found the ink had penetrated （ 渗透）one centimeter into the wood. Now "Ru Mu San Fen" is often used to describe sharp ideas or useful views.（1） Where did Mao Sui come from according to this passage?A. The State of Qin.B. The Sta

23、te of Zhao.C. The State of Chu.（2） Why did the people of Qin follow Shang Yangs new laws?A. They believed in Shang Yang.B. They were afraid of Shang Yang.C. Shang Yang gave them gold pieces.(3) What is "Ru Mu San Fen" often used to describe now?A. A man of his word.B. Sharp ideas or useful

24、 views.C. A well-known hero of the state.【答案】(1) B(2) A(3) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍三则成语故事。(1)细节理解题。由表格一 In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin had a fight with the State of Zhao, Zhao needed some talented people to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Suithe man who believed he was the rightperson fo

25、r this task came and recommended ( 推荐)himself. 可知毛遂是战国时代赵国人，故选 B。(2)细节理解题。由表格二After that, the people of Qin believed Shang was a man of his word. So they allfollowed Shang's new laws later.可知秦国人相信商鞅，才会服从商的新法。故选 A。(3)细节理解题。由 Now "Ru Mu San Fen" is often used to describe sharp ideas or u

26、seful views. 可知现在入木 三分被用于说明尖锐的想法或有用的观点。故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确 定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。3 .阅读理解This is a happy family. There are three people in it.Hi! My name is Da Tou. I have a big head and two small hands. I have two big eyes. I am wearing a yellow T-shirt. I have no brot

27、hers or sisters. My parents love me very much.This is my father. He is also my good friend. He has a small head and two big hands. He wears a pair of glasses. He is a reporter( t己者),so he knows a lot. He often plays games with me.This is my mother. She is a little fat. She often wears an apron. She

28、isgood at cooking.She works in a shop near our house. My mother is a kind woman.（1） What does Da Tou look like?A. He has a small head.B. He has two big hands.C. He is wearing a green T-shirt.D. He has two big eyes.（2） 2） Da Tou's mother is good at.A. readingB. cookingC. writingD. playing games（3

29、） What does the word "apron" mean（意思）in Chinese?A.头饰B围裙rC.女性帽子 D.眼镜D. A teacher（4） What is Da Tou's father?A. A workerB. A reporterC. A player（5） What's the best title（标题）of the passage （文章）?A. A good reporter. B. Da Tou and his friends. C. A happy boy. D. A happy family.【答案】(1) D(

30、2) B(3) B(4) B(5) D【解析】【分析】本文是作者家人介绍和自我介绍。(1)细节题。根据I have two big eyes ,可知大头长了 2只大眼睛，故选 D。(2)细节题。根据 She is good at cooking ,可知大头的妈妈擅长烹饪，故选B。(3)词义猜测题。根据 She often wears an apron. She is good at cooking 她经常穿着 。她擅长烹饪，可知，做饭穿的是围裙，故 apron是围裙的意思，故选 B。(4)细节题。根据 He is a reporter ,可知大头的父亲是记者，故选 B。(5)主旨题。根据 Th

31、is is a happy family. There are three people in it 这是一个幸福的家庭。里面有三个人，可知 A happy family适合做标题，故选 D。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系 上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。4.阅读理解Do you have many passwords for your credit cards（ 信用卡）or different websites? Do you try to remember them all? As

32、 we are advised to have the passwords memorized by heart for safety reasons, not written down, lots of people find it hard to keep them in mind.However, this problem has been solved by a microchip （芯片）company. The scientists there designed a very small microchip with an electronic circuit（ 线路）.It ca

33、n identify（识另1J） you. By putting the microchip under the skin of your hand, you can have access to（有权进人 ）things with no need for passwords or cards. In this case, it means that you don't have to remember any passwords.Office workers in Stockholm, Sweden were offered the chance to have the microc

34、hip put under their skin if they wish. It allowed them to get in and out of their workplaces and log into( 登录)their computers without keys, Besides, they could also use the new technology to pay for the food in the cafe. But some of the workers thought it was a risky idea to have a microchip put und

35、er their skin. They considered that the microchip might cause health problems one day.Anyway, this new technology is fun. With the rapid development of technology, we seem to be on our way to being part human, part machine, don't we?(1) What does the underlined word "passwords" mean in

36、 Chinese?A.数字图案儒码堆户(2) The microchip is about.A. a card widely used in computersB. something that can help identify peopleC. a password for the credit cards or websitesD. a card with which you can go into your workplace(3) If the microchip is put under the skin of your hand, you can.A. pay for your

37、food without credit cardsB. play your computer as long as you likeC. go wherever you want without moneyD. have access to things without passwords or cards(4) Some of the workers thought the microchip was a risky idea because .A. it might make people become lazyB. it might be bad for healthC. it woul

38、d change humans into machines D. it might make people feel comfortable5 5) What's the best title for this passage?A. The introduction of a microchipB. A microchip companyC. How to make the microchipD. A microchip widely used【答案】(1) C(2) B(3) D(4) B(5) A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一家微芯片公司设计了一个带有电子电路的微型芯片，解决了记忆秘

39、密的问题。(1)词义猜测题。根据 credit cards(信用卡)or different websites? Do you try to remember them all 信用卡还是 不同的网站？你试着记住他们所有人吗可知passwords是密码的意思，故选a(2)推理题。根据It can identify(识别)you可知芯片是关于有助于识别人的东西，故选B。(3)细节题。根据 By putting the microchip under the skin of your hand, you can have access to(有权进人 )things with no need fo

40、r passwords or cards 可知如果微芯片放在你的皮肤下，你可以不用密码或卡片就能接触到东西故选Do(4) 细节题。根据 But some of the workers thought it was a risky idea to have a microchip put under their skin.They considered that the microchip might cause health problems one day 可知，一些工人认为微芯片是一个危险的想法因为这可能对健康有害，故选Bo(5)主旨题。根据本文介绍了一家微芯片公司设计了一个带有电子电路的

41、微型芯片，解决了记忆秘密的问题可知The introduction of a microchip 适合做标题, 故选 A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻 找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题 需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。5.阅读理解Do you enjoy novels? The best sellers of the year are waiting for you in our bookstore!The Longest NightThis is

42、William Smith's last book in his life. William became a writer after teaching English for a few years.Susan is a nurse in southern England. There she works in a small hospital. One day a baby is so ill that Susan has to drive all night to get her to the nearest big city. They have a lot of probl

43、ems getting there and when they reach the hospitalNo Pains No Gains(攵获)This exciting story is Emma Brown's twentieth.No Pains No Gains is about Harry, who works with his father, a carpenter, in Philippines. They work long, hard hours making tables and chairs, but they do not have any money. Then

44、 one day a man dressed all in black buys the most beautiful table in the shop and.Hospital or Cinema?Elizabeth Beckman, who studies English in Sydney, wrote this story earlier this year.Betty is a young and beautiful Brazilian( 巴西的)woman. Her dream is to become a doctor. She goes to Sydney to study English and medicine but one day she meets a man who asks her to go to the US with him to become a film star. What will Betty do?(1) After we read this, we know that this is.A. apiece of newsB. an adC. a diaryD. a menu(2) 2) The Longest Ni