现在,过去分词作状语

1、现在分词作状语现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 1.时间状语： Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式）Having read the letter, she got very excited.（完成式）现在分词作时间,原因状语：如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式doing。如果分词动作明显在谓语之前发生，用现分完成式,having done。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Having arri

2、ved at the factory, they immediately set to work.Be careful crossing the street. Dont mention this talking to him.On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her.=As soon as he arrived in London, .2.现在分词作条件状语：Working hard, you will succeed. /Work hard ,and you will succeed. Turning to the

3、 left, you will find the path leading to the site.= if you turn to the left, 3.现在分词作伴随方式状语：She came running towards me.The children ran out of the room, . They stood there for an hour ,. She sat at the desk .=she sat at the desk and read a newspaper., we visited a number of cities., they started to

4、climb.4.现在分词作原因状语：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital. Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.（分词完成式的肯（分词完成式的肯定式）定

5、式） Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.（分完否）（分完否） 5.现在分词作结果状语： （多用于句尾）Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.I hurried to school, only

6、to find that it was Sunday.Note: 现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.巩固练习巩固练习1.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing2.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his

7、stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added3.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B.makes C.made D.to make4._ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him.A.Having looked B. Looking C.To look D.Look5._ from his clothes, he

8、 is not so poor.A.Judged B. Judging C. To judge D.Having judged6._ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered独立主格结构The Absolute Structure概念 独立主格结构（the absolute structure）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。

9、独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。特点 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 形式 名词/主格代词+现在分词 名词/主格代词+过去分词 名词/主格代词+不定式 名词/主格代词+形容词 名词/主格代词+副词 名词/主格代词+介词短语 There being +

10、名词（代词） It being +名词（代词）名词/主格代词+现在分词 名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 名词/主格代词+过去分词 名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。 The problems solved

11、(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 名词/主格代词+不定式 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to

12、help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 名词/主格代词+形容词 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 名词/主格代词+副词 He p

13、ut on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了 名词/主格代词+介词短语 The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 There being +名词（代词） There being nothing else to do, we went

14、home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 It being +名词（代词） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 功能与用法 功能：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示

15、时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 用法：独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来 用作条件状语 Weath

16、er permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay u

17、p late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.

18、几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 例题 Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A.

19、 its B. whose C. which D. that He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C.which D. that Choose the best from the four choices1Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker a separate taskAassigning Bassigned Cwas assigned Dwould be assigned 2The lecture ，he le

20、ft his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speakerAbegan Bbeginning Chaving begun Dbeing beginning 3Such the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaintsAbeing Bis Cwas Dto be 4Darkness in，the young people lingered on merrymakingAset Bsetting Chas set Dwas

21、set 5With all factors ，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goalAbeing considered Bconsidering Cconsidered Dare considered 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 过去分词在句中一般能作过去分词在句中一般能作时间、原因、时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语条件、让步和方式状语。如：。如：表示原因，相当于由表示原因，相当于由as, since, 或或because引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句Caught in a heavy r

22、ain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(Because he was caught in a heavy rain) 表示条件表示条件,相当于相当于if, unless引导的条件状语引导的条件状语从句从句如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (If these seeds are grown in rich soil)Compared with you, we still have

23、 a long way to go.(If we are compared with you)表示伴随情况或方式表示伴随情况或方式: The trainer appeared, followed by four little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着四条小狗。训练员出现了，后面跟着四条小狗。 He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。 表示时间表示时间When heated, ice can be changed into water.（When ice is he

24、ated,） 表示让步，相当于表示让步，相当于although/though引导的引导的让步状语从句让步状语从句Left at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.(Although he was left at home,)Even if invited, I will not take part in the party.(Even if I am invited,)小结 过去分词在句中作状语，过去分词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 位置：过去分词作状语，可以放在主句的前面或者后面，用逗号将二者隔开。 连词+过去分词作状语有些过去分词可以用连词加以强调。

25、这些连词有when, once, if, unless, though, as if, although, even if, even though, than, as过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别Following the old man, we went upstairs.=We followed the old man, and we went upstairs.Followed by the old man, we went upstairs.=We were followed by the old man, and we went upstairs. Seen from the to

26、p, the stadium looks like a birds nest. Seeing from the top, we find the stadium like a birds nest.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词表完成，被动，与主句的主过去分词表完成，被动，与主句的主语之间是被动关系。现在分词表进行，语之间是被动关系。现在分词表进行，主动，与主语的主语之间是主动关系。主动，与主语的主语之间是主动关系。有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。作状语时不表动作而表状态。常见的有常见的有: lost (迷路迷路); sea

27、ted (坐坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于全神贯注于); dressed in (穿穿着着); tired of (厌烦厌烦),be exposed to ,be devoted to ,be caught/trapped/stuck in 等。等。如：如：Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没所以他没听到那个声音。听到那个声音。 用所给词的适当形式填空，并与用所给词的适当形式填空，并与A-C的的汉语翻译相匹配。汉语翻译相匹配。1. Once _, a word beco

28、mes a promise.2. Once _, water cannot be taken back again.3. _ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.impress; pour; speakA.A.覆水难收覆水难收B.B.流连忘返流连忘返C.C.一言既出一言既出, , 驷马难追驷马难追spokenpouredImpressedC B A II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks bea

29、utiful to us.2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player.3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.SeenGivenLooking 4._ (give) more time, Ill finish my work on time.5. Compared with _ (develop) countries, we still have a long way to go.6. The English

30、teacher entered the room, _ (follow) by his students.Givendevelopedfollowed7. The teach buildings _ (build) in 1960 need repairing.8. I found my school bag _ (leave) in Marys room.builtleft1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose配套练习配套练

31、习动词动词-ing或过去分词作状语或过去分词作状语, 其逻辑其逻辑主语应是主句主语。主语应是主句主语。2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 析析: 正确答案为正

32、确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的年被建的, 所以该空应填过去分词所以该空应填过去分词 Founded 作状语。作状语。 4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared5. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving

33、D. Given6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited8. When _, the museum will be open to the public ne

34、xt year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 析：正确答案为析：正确答案为 A 项。博物馆是被完项。博物馆是被完工的工的, 所以该空应填过去分词所以该空应填过去分词completed 作状语。作状语。9. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 析：正确答案为析：正确答案为 D 项。分析语境逻

35、辑可项。分析语境逻辑可知，该空含义为知，该空含义为“(这研究这研究)一旦被开始一旦被开始”，因此应填过去分词因此应填过去分词 begun作状语。作状语。二：解题方法：解题方法： 1、分词做主语，前后主语要一致。、分词做主语，前后主语要一致。 2、判断主句的主语能否发出分词的动作，若能、判断主句的主语能否发出分词的动作，若能发出，用分词发出，用分词-ing形式，若不能则用形式，若不能则用 -ed形式。形式。e.g;1、_,she hurried to a policeman for helpA.Finding her car stolen B.Her car being stolenC.Her car to be stolen D. F