answer-2014-2015植物学双语-A

1、. 学院 专业 班 姓名 学号 .装 订 线 内蒙古农业大学2014/2015学年第 1 学期植物学B课程考试试卷（A）适用专业班级：双语类专业题 号123456Total分 值71020133515100得 分得 分评卷人1.True or false(判断题). (共7分，每个1分)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)FFTTTFT*:T or F(在表格中对的填写“T”，错误的填写“F”)(1). The English physicist Robert Hooke（虎克） developed cell theory（细胞学说）, which states that all liv

2、ing organisms are composed of cells (所有具有生命的有机体都是由细胞构成).(2). The eaten part of potato（马铃薯的食用部分） is a kind of food-storage root（贮藏根）.(3). Root tip（根尖） is divided into the region of maturation（成熟区）, the region of elongation（伸长区）, the region of cell division（分生区） and root cap（根冠）.(4). Lateral roots (侧根

3、) are initiated（产生于） in the region of the pericycle（中柱鞘）.(5). Pistil（雌蕊） is composed of stigma（柱头）, style（花柱）, and ovary（子房）.(6). Organ (器官) is a group of cells performing a common function（执行共同的功能）. (7). Flower parts of monocots (单子叶植物的花各部分) is often in threes（三基数）.得 分评卷人2. Please find their descri

4、ptions（描述） of the structures（结构）below （请把相关结构描述所代表的字母填在相应数字下面的空格中）.(共10分，每小题1分) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)BEDCA(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)JGIHFCell （1）Nucleus（细胞核） （2）Plasma membrane（细胞膜） （3）Chloroplasts（叶绿体） （4）Ribosome（核糖体） （5）Mitochondrion（线粒体） A. Respiration（呼吸作用）B. Control center of cellC. Link amino acids （氨基酸） tog

5、ether to construct protein（蛋白质）D. Photosynthesis（光合作用）E. Control movement of substances （物质）into and out of cellTissue (组织)（6）Meristem （分生组织） （7）Parenchyma（薄壁组织） （8）Sclerenchyma（厚壁组织） （9）Xylem（木质部） （10）Periderm（周皮） F. Replace epidermis （表皮） to protect in woody plants G. Most abundant（丰富）, can divide

6、 sometimes, include aerenchyma（通气组织）, chlorenchyma（同化组织） and so onH. Conduct water and materials absorbed（吸收） by root I. Thick secondary wall（次生壁） with lignin（木质素）, strongJ. Cell can divide, region of growth得 分评卷人3. Translation （翻译下面的术语）.(共20分，每题1分) (1) Microscope; (2) Organelle; (3) Primary wall; (

7、4) Chromosome; (5) Apical meristem; 显微镜 细胞器 初生壁 染色体 顶端分生组织 (6)Taproot system; (7) Mitosis; (8) Bud; (9) Twig; (10) Angiosperms; (11) Seed; 直根系 有丝分裂 芽 枝条 被子植物 种子 (12) Casparian strips; (13) Venation; (14) Sepal; (15) Alternation of generations; 凯氏带 叶脉 萼片 世代交替 (16) Cork; (17) Spongy mesophyll; (18) Mo

8、ss; (19) Fruit; (20) Secondary growth 木栓层 海绵组织 苔藓 果实 次生生长 得 分评卷人4. Matching （根据图中相应数字代表的结构，把相应的字母填到下表中）.(共13分，每题1分)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)HEBFAGD(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)CKMILJ1. The pictures of the primary structure（初生结构） of a dicots root（双子叶植物的根） （1） （4）（5）（6）（7）（2）（8）（3）A. Primary phloem (初生韧皮部); B. C

9、ortex（皮层）; C. Pericycle（中柱鞘）; D. Metaxylem（后生木质部）; E. Vascular cylinder（中柱）; F. Endodermis（内皮层）; G. Protoxylem（原生木质部）; H. Epidermis（表皮）2. The picture of the mature ovule and embryo sacs structure（成熟胚珠和胚囊的结构）.I. Egg (卵细胞)J. Micropyle（珠孔）K. Antipodals（反足细胞）L. Synergids（助细胞）M. Central cell nuclei（中央细胞核

10、）（9）（10）（11）（12）（13）得 分评卷人5. Please answer the questions below （简述题）.(共35分)(1). Please describe（描述） the developing course（发育过程） of anther（花药） and pollen（花粉）（8分）.Fibrous layerDisappear（左、右上、右中、右下各2分）(2). Please describe the structure and function（结构与功能） of leaf blade（叶片）（5分）.Structure function Leaf b

11、lade photosynthesis and respiration (光合作用和蒸腾作用)（1分）Upper epidermis and lower epidermis (stoma, cuticle) protection上表皮和下表皮（气孔和角质层）Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll photosynthesis and respiration栅栏组织和海绵组织Vein (Vascular bundle): bundle sheath, xylem and phloem transportation and support叶脉（维管束）：维管

12、束鞘、木质部和韧皮部（4分） (3). Please describe the course（过程） and evolution significance（进化意义） of double fertilization (双受精)（4分）. Double fertilization: in most angiosperms（被子植物）, one of the two sperm nuclei fuses with the two polar nuclei（一个精子和两个极核结合）, results in a triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus（形成三倍体

13、的初生胚乳核）;（1分） and another combines with the egg（另一个和卵细胞结合）, results in a zygote（合子）.（1分）Provide a greatly improved food source-nutritive triploid endosperm（提供了更加优质的营养物质）One homolog comes from the gamete of one parent and its partner from the gamete of the other parent. After fertilization, both homol

14、ogs are present in the zygote. Two haploid cells (gametes) fuse to form a diploid zygote, reestablishing the diploid chromosome number.（来自父本和母本，保持了遗传的稳定性和变异性）（2分）(4)Please describe the course of the secondary growth（次生生长） of stem（茎）（5分）.Woody dicots and many nonwoody dicots have secondary growth ori

15、ginating from their lateral or secondary meristems：（茎的次生生长来自于次生和侧生分生组织）the vascular cambium and the cork cambium（维管形成层和木栓形成层）.（1分） The vascular cambium forms between the xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles and connects to form a continuous cylinder（束中形成层和相邻的恢复分裂能力的薄壁组织共同构成维管形成层）. The vascular c

16、ambium cells divide to produce secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside（维管形成层向内形成次生木质部，向外形成次生韧皮部）.（2分） As the stem increases in diameter due to production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem, a cork cambium develops from epidermis, cortex or primary phloem（由表皮、皮层、甚至初生木质部

17、恢复分裂能力，形成木栓形成层）. The cork cambium divides to produce waterproof cork cells externally and sometimes phelloderm cells internally（木栓形成层对外形成木栓层，对内形成栓内层）. Those three tissues form the periderm（他们共同构成周皮）, which replaces the epidermis in function. Areas of loosely packed cells in the periderm that functio

18、n in gas exchange are called lenticels（周皮上形成皮孔来代替原来气孔的功能）.（2分）(5)Please describe the main plant groups（植物类群） and their characters （特征）（8分）.- Nonembryophyt（无胚植物或低等植物）: have not embryoAlgae（藻类植物）: have chlorophyll with primary photosynthetic pigments（具有光和色素，能光合作用）Fungi（菌类植物）: lack plastids and photosy

19、nthetic pigments, absorb their nutrients from either dead or living organisms（缺乏质体，不能光合作用，异养）Lichens: a mutualistic symbiotic association between a fungal partner and a population of unicellular or filamentous algal or cyanobacterial cells（藻菌共生体）（4分）- Embryophyta: with embryoBryophyta（苔藓植物）: non-vas

20、cular plants（无维管束）Pteridphyta（蕨类植物）: vascular plants with pores.（产生孢子的维管植物）Seed plant: vascular plants with seeds.（产生种子的维管植物）Gymnoperms（裸子植物）: seed is naked.Angiosperms（被子植物）: grow their seeds inside an ovary, which is embedded in a flower or fruit.（有子房、花、果）（4分）(6). Please describe the course of mei

21、osis (减数分裂) and it biological significance（生物学意义）（5分）.Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half（减数分裂是细胞染色体数量减半的分裂方式）. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes.（有性生殖细胞）（1分）In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell

22、division to produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell（DNA复制一次，细胞分裂两次）. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II（包括两个阶段）. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that

23、it consists of two identical sister chromatids attached at a centromere（DNA复制发生在减数分裂之前的细胞分裂间期）. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover（第一阶段基因会发生交叉互换）. The homologous chromosomes are then pulled apart into

24、two new separate daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell（染色体数减半）（1分）. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. D

25、uring this division, sister chromatids detach from one another and are separated into four total daughter cells（第二阶段，姊妹染色体分离，染色体数不变）. These cells can mature into gametes, spores, pollen, and other reproductive cells.（1分）Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, it allows gametes to fuse to form a zygote containing a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. （减数分裂使染色体分别来自父本和母本，通过受精