HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题课件

1、HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARYHOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题步骤步骤解释解释确定主确定主题句题句确定主题句，一般在段首。如果没有主确定主题句，一般在段首。如果没有主题句，需要自己组合。题句，需要自己组合。寻找关寻找关键词键词关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。重构主重构主题句题句概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句，可以从作者的写作目的逆推，支撑句，可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的

2、的主题句是高度抽象的，反映写作目的的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。它基本决定了概括的质量。重组支重组支撑句撑句支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。可以是补充过程或者提供证据。HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题文体文体主题句主题句支撑句支撑句议论文议论文 文章论点（一句）文章论点（一句）文章论据文章论据（两三句）（两三句）记叙文记叙文 故事的写作目的故事的写作目的/主题主题（一句）（一句）故事大意故事大意说明文说明文 说明的对象说明的对象/观点观点/现象现象 解释解释/分述分述1概括的形式是：主题句概括的形式

3、是：主题句+支撑句支撑句HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题关键词关键词主题句主题句:瞄准的故事的瞄准的故事的“主题主题”支撑句支撑句:写故事的大意，写故事的大意，支撑主题句支撑主题句补充主题句补充主题句没有说完的没有说完的HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 The Best Gift Della and Jim broke away from their families to get married. Now they lived in a small attic(阁楼阁楼) of a cold and old building. They were now di

4、gesting the hardship of life. The only joy was their sweet love for each other. The handsome husband had to be burdened with a family though he was young. The beautiful wife took care of the old house with the few coins she saved. Christmas was coming. They were thinking of a good gift for each othe

5、r. Della wore a waterfall-like(瀑布似的瀑布似的) black hair, but her comb was broken. Jim had a gold watch with an old chain, which was passed from his old grandfathers The big day finally came. On arriving home, Jim was surprised to find Dellas long hair cut short. But Della was also surprised to find Jims

6、 gold watch gone. She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch chain for him! He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive comb for her!The gifts were now useless. But in fact they got the best gifts. HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题关键词关键词 Della, Jim, love, gift主题句主题句:瞄准的故事的瞄准的故事的“主题主题” The text is about a g

7、ift of love between Jim and Della./ Jim and Della wanted to buy a gift for each other.支撑句支撑句:写故事的大意，写故事的大意，支撑主题句支撑主题句补充主题句补充主题句没有说完的没有说完的 Both of them sold what they liked best to buy a gift for the other. /So they sold what they liked best to buy a gift for the other. The gifts were in fact the tru

8、e love to each other./ The true love is the best gift.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Speaking Mandarin Chinese In China, there are over 100 different dialects, which are so complicated that even people from neighboring villages may not understand each other. In the Information Age, such barrier of languag

9、e must be removed by popularizing Mandarin Chinese(推广普通话推广普通话) because it inversely (相反相反)affects the quality and efficiency of oral communication. Popularizing Mandarin Chinese is of great importance because it may push up our economic growth, accelerate the development of science and technology, a

10、nd promote the unification(统一统一) of China. With a population of over 1.3 billion people it is not an easy task. But we must do it and do it effectively.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 We have many thins to do in Mandarin Chinese Popularizing. First, we should carry out a mass education on the importance of

11、 speaking Mandarin Chinese to make everyone understand that it is his responsibility to do so. In the past, little progress has been made in isolated rural areas because the natives do not bother to take pains to learn to speak Mandarin Chinese. Next, speaking good Mandarin Chinese should be compuls

12、ory in classrooms, in public offices, in movies and TV programs in China. Finally, we should attach great importance to public education because China has large illiterate population. A poorly educated nation has no international reputation. Popularizing Mandarin Chinese is not only the first step i

13、n changing China into a better-educated nation.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题关键词关键词主题句主题句:瞄准文章的瞄准文章的论点论点支撑句支撑句:瞄准文章的瞄准文章的论据（原论据（原因与出路）因与出路）HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题关键词关键词Popularizing Mandarin Chinese, importance, to do things主题句主题句:瞄准文瞄准文章的论章的论点点Various dialects make it necessary to Popularizing Mandarin C

14、hinese.支撑句支撑句:瞄准文瞄准文章的论章的论据（原据（原因与出因与出路）路）It helps to develop economy, speed up information exchange, and keep China as a more unified country. We should realize its importance and make it a compulsory course at school.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 There is a growing debate about the most effective way f

15、or students to study. Traditionally studying alone was thought to be the best way to ensure good exam results. When studying alone you can focus your mind better than when you are with others. You also have the freedom to choose what topic to study and when, as you dont need of others. Students that

16、 prefer to study alone often say that when they study with their classmates they waste a lot of time because the discussion is often about non-study topics such as television or holidays.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 In the last few years, however, more and more students have started studying in groups.

17、There are several reasons many students prefer this method. First, they find that studying is more fun as they can share the experience with others rather than staying in their rooms. In groups, they can discuss the subject together and when something is not understood they can ask each other questi

18、ons. They can use the knowledge of their classmates to help improve their own knowledge. Finally by discussing the topic they, are able to both understand and remember it better.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题关键关键词词主题主题句句:瞄准瞄准说明说明的对的对象象支撑支撑句句:说明说明对象对象的原的原因因HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题关键词关键词Effective way, study

19、ing alone, study in groups主题句主题句:瞄准说瞄准说明的对明的对象象”The article compares the benefits of studying alone to those of studying in groups.支撑句支撑句:说明对说明对象的原象的原因因Studying alone allows students to remain focuses and avoid interruption, while group study create a more enjoyable learning environment.HOWTOWRITEAS

20、UMMARY3结合高考题 读写任务之正文部分读写任务之正文部分 整个写作框架：整个写作框架： 标题标题（看题目是否要求）（看题目是否要求） 第一段第一段Summary (25-35个词之间为最佳个词之间为最佳) 第二段：议论文：第二段：议论文：过渡词引出主题句过渡词引出主题句-自自己的观点己的观点-例证例证 记叙文：记叙文：过渡词过渡词+与阅读文章主题与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事相同但情节不同的故事 第三段：第三段：即总结句，套语配名言来点题，即总结句，套语配名言来点题，要前后呼应。要前后呼应。HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 议论文的过渡语：议论文的过渡语： 表示赞同表

21、示赞同 I agree with the statement that I fully support the statement above because I am very sure I quite agree with the writers idea. (2)表示不赞同表示不赞同 I partly agree with what the writer said. In some way, I agree with but I am strong against the writers idea. (3)表达自己的观点表达自己的观点 As far as I am concerned F

22、rom my personal point of view According to my experience, I think thatHOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 记叙文的过渡句记叙文的过渡句 This story reminds me of another story that happened to The story reminds me of a similar experience of I also went through such an experience. A has a similar experience as B. 总结句开头语总结句开头语

23、In conclusion, In short, To make a long story short, In a wordHOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 John wanted to give up/quit smoking but faied because he lack determination/strong will. People like John who has no strong will will never succeed.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题2009年高考题年高考题HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 写作内容

24、写作内容 1以约以约30个词概括这段短文的内容；个词概括这段短文的内容； 2然后以约然后以约120个词就个词就“该不该禁止游客和动物该不该禁止游客和动物拍照拍照”进行议论，内容包括：进行议论，内容包括： (1)人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照；人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照； (2)假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应；假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应；(3)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。 写作要求写作要求 1在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用

25、原事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；文中的句子； 2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 评分标准评分标准 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala(考考拉拉)at the Featherdale Wildlife Park in southern AustraliaAll the koalas there are unhappy and complainin

26、gYou would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it offThats right-sleep it offThe average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy The reason Jackie and her fellow ko

27、alas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is that they can be hugged and photographed by tourists，who make the trips to Featherdale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that special experienceWhatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now mov

28、ing to make the practice illegal，which is understandableHow would you react，my friend，if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round，furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题Jackie, a koala at the Featherdale Wildlife Park in southern Australia got annoy

29、ed like other animals because the tourists keep disturbing them by hugging and photographing.The government will do something to protect the animals.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 (1)人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照；人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照； (2)假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应；假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应； (3)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照

30、。 Generally speaking, people like taking photos with animals because this activity can bring them great enjoyment and excitement. Lets just imagine if we were the animals stated in the above passage, we would perhaps be heartily sick of it. From the case of the koalas stated in the above passage, I

31、think that we should take some measures to forbid such behaviors even though people like them very much. To begin with, the behaviors mean disturbing their normal life. If this lasts long, the animals easily get ill. Then, it sometimes implies dangers especially taking photos with some ferocious bea

32、sts because any unexpected things can occur.So in my opinion,people should keep off the encaged animals and give them a quiet living place! HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Generally speaking, people like taking photos with animals because this activity can bring them great enjoyment and excitement. However

33、, from the case of the koalas stated in the above passage, I think that we should take some measures to forbid such behaviors even though people like them very much. To begin with, the behaviors mean disturbing their normal life. If this lasts long, the animals easily get ill. Then, it sometimes imp

34、lies dangers especially taking photos with some ferocious beasts because any unexpected things can occur. Lets just imagine if we were in the same boat as the animals stated in the above passage, we would perhaps be heartily sick of it. Keep off the encaged animals and give them a quiet living place

35、!HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题2008年年 高考高考HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题大作文大作文HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题2008HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的你参加其中的“大学校园生活大学校园生活”讨论。听讨论。听完完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”，内容要点包括：，内容要点包括： 1、以约、以约30个词概括个词

36、概括Mike的发言要点；的发言要点； 2、然后以约、然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：活，内容包括： （1）对中学生活的感受；）对中学生活的感受； （2）理想的大学生活；）理想的大学生活； （3）中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你）中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。打算如何适应。 HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general

37、adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a checkbook, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high scho

38、ol! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The Students Union organized various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and

39、often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Mikes mother did almost ev

40、erything for him when in high school, which brought him a hard time adjusting to the first-year college life. However, afterwards he got accustomed to it because of the academic atmosphere and colorful activities there.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 （1）对中学生活的感受；）对中学生活的感受； As for me, what I do everyday is

41、to study hard to enter a famous university, which is always the expectations of my parents and teachers. So traveling among classroom, dormitory and canteen is the routine work. Seldom do I have the time to do some activities. Anyway, unlike you, I have learned how to be independent in a boarding sc

42、hool, which is beneficial to adjust to the college life.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 （2）理想的大学生活；）理想的大学生活； It seems to me the ideal college life is that I become matured both physically and mentally， and that I obtain qualified academic knowledge and get well prepared for society at the same time.HOWTOWR

43、ITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 （3）中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你）中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。打算如何适应。 As we all know，college is wildly different from middle school. It connects not only adolescence to adulthood，but also the ivory tower to the real society. So an active part in activities，associations，as well as some romances are th

44、ree keys to achieving my ideal college life.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 summary Mikes mother did almost everything for him when in high school, which brought him a hard time adjusting to the first-year college life. However, afterwards he got accustomed to it because of the academic atmosphere and colo

45、rful activities there.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 As for me, what I do everyday is to study hard to enter a famous university, which is always the expectations of my parents and teachers. So traveling among classroom, dormitory and canteen is the routine work. Seldom do I have the time to do some activ

46、ities. Anyway, unlike you, I have learned how to be independent in a boarding school, which is beneficial to adjust to the college life. It seems to me the ideal college life is that I become matured both physically and mentally， and that I obtain qualified academic knowledge and get well prepared f

47、or society at the same time. As we all know，college is wildly different from middle school. It connects not only adolescence to adulthood，but also the ivory tower to the real society. So an active part in activities，associations，as well as some romances are three keys to achieving my ideal college l

48、ife.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题2010区统考题区统考题HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 John, a heavy smoker, once felt bad-tempered. His hands started shaking and he coughed a lot, so he turned to his doctor for help. “Quit smoking.” The doctor advised him. Finding the advice sensible from several points, such as money,

49、health and cleanliness, John decided to give up smoking. However, for several hours without a cigarette, John was nervous and had difficulty in concentrating, inability to sleep, which made him more hungry for a cigarette. He said to himself, “One more, and I will quit it tomorrow. Tomorrow will be

50、a suitable day for me to break away the bad habit” Then he pick up a cigarette which made him relaxed. Again and again John made up his mind to do it “tomorrow”. Today John is still addicted to smoking. HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Lots of people think that “tomorrow” is always the most convenient time

51、to start breaking an old developed habit. But good intentions are there, and will-power is not. Consequently, these people will never achieve anything.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 1. 以约以约30个词概括这篇短文的内容。个词概括这篇短文的内容。 2. 然后以约然后以约120 个词就个词就“Dont Leave Todays Work for Tomorrow”的主题发表的主题发表看法，包括：看法，包括： 你从你从John的

52、事例中得到什么启示？的事例中得到什么启示？ 作为高三学生要如何对待这个问题？作为高三学生要如何对待这个问题？ 写作要求写作要求 可以使用实例或其它论述方法可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子; 标题已标题已定。定。HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 John wanted to give up/quit smoking but faied because he lack determination/strong will. People like John w

53、ho has no strong will will never succeed.Summary HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 The passage argues that people who lack determination leave todays work for tomorrow and they achieve little success by showing us the example that without strong will John failed to quit smoking.Summary HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高

54、考题 In my opinion, we cant leave todays work for tomorrow, because for different days we have different things to do. So if we fail to make up our mind to complete todays work and leave it for tomorrow, when well have some other work, well gradually pile up too many things and will never get them don

55、e. （Besides, only the persons without determination and will-power will find all kinds of excuses for the things they should have done today. ）That John found excuses for leaving quitting smoking for tomorrow and couldnt make it in the passage is a good lesson for us.） In addition, leaving todays wo

56、rk for tomorrow is a bad habit, （which will make for a persons laziness.） 你从你从John的事例中得到什么启示？的事例中得到什么启示？HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题 Personally, as the final-year High School students, we have a lot of things to learn and different homework of different subjects to do every day. （Therefore, we cant affo

57、rd to waste time. So the earlier we plan our time and get down to the work, the better results we will get. ）In a word, if we have strong intention and great determination and do everything as planed, we will be able to keep improving ourselves and achieve success. 作为高三学生要如何对待这个问题？作为高三学生要如何对待这个问题？HO

58、WTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题2010广州调研题广州调研题大作文大作文HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题读写任务读写任务 (共共1小题小题,满分满分25分分) 阅读下面的一封信，然后按照要求用英语写一篇阅读下面的一封信，然后按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的回信。词左右的回信。Dear Abby, Last month my son was told that he no longer has to attend weekend classes at his school. Since then he spends h

59、is weekends going out with his friends to play sports or watch movies. When he is at home all he seems to do is surf the Internet or play silly computer games. I really think he is just wasting his time having fun when he should be studying. I sometimes ask him if he has homework or extra study to d

60、o, but he always says that he has already completed it all. This change makes me very worried. I feel that this free time is encouraging him to be lazy.HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY3结合高考题He isnt studying long enough and this will reduce his chances of getting into university. I also think it will cause problem