直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习

1、直接引语变间接引语定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用 连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句例：Hesaid, “rmveryglad. ”f Hesaidhewasveryglad.2. 般疑问句变为 if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例：Hesaid, “CanyoucomethisafternoonJohn? ”f HeaskedJoh ncouldcomethatafter no

2、on.3. 特殊疑问句变为由 who,what,when , why,where 等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例:Hesaid, “WhereisMr.Wang?f HeaskedvhereMr.Wa ngwas.Tomsaystome, whatfooddoyoulikebest . ” f TomasksmefoodIlikebest4. 祈使句变间接引语时，要变成 ask/tell/ordersb ( not) todosth。Ourpare ntstoldus“ LearnE nglishw我们的父母告诉我们：把英语学好啊！ ”Ourpare ntstoldusE nglishwel I

3、我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。Theteachersaidtome,“ Don' treadthatnovel! ”Theteacherasked/toldmethat no vel.Ourpare ntstoldus,“ Neverdowr父母!告诉我们：不要做错事！ ”Ourpare ntstoldus nevertodowro ng我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。二、人称的变化点拨】 人称的变化一般遵循 一同主，二随宾，三不变 ”这一原则例如：“wenttotheGreatWallyesterday, LiHua said.f LiHuasaidthathehadg on eto

4、theGreatWallthedaybefore.“ llcometohelpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp, hanswerecher.f Hea nsweredherthaiewouldcometohelpherwhe nevershe neededhishelp.Shesaidtome, Your pronunciationisbetterthanhis.”f Shetoldmethatnypro nun ciatio nwasbettertha nhis.三、时态变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，|总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的

5、变化例句般现在时f 一般过去时Shesaid,“In eedacalculator.”f Shesaidthatshe neededacalculator.现在进行时f过去进行时Jimsaid, “1 ' mexpect in gal on gdista ncecall.”f Jimsaidthathewasexpect in gal on gdista ncecall.般将来时f过去将来时Nancysaid, “ I ' llcallagainiater.”f Nan cysaidthatshewouldcallaga ini ater.一般过去时f过去完成时Hesaid,

6、“Itookithomewithme. ” f Hesaidthathehadtake nithomewithhim.现在完成时f过去完成时Paulsaid, “ Ourteamhasw on thematch. ” f Paulsaidthattheirteamhadw on thematch.过去完成时f过去完成时Hesaid, “lhadfi ni shedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”f Hesaidthathehadfi ni shedhishomeworkbeforesupper.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指 示 代 词this f

7、thatShesaid, “ Sheisco min gthisweek. ” f Shesaidthatshewasco min gthatweek.these f thoseHesaid, “Thesebooksaremine. ” f Hesaidthosebookswerehis.时 间 状 语nowf the nHesaid, “It ' ste no ' clock now. ” f Hesaidthatitwasteno' clockthen.today f thatdayHesaid, “lhaven ' tseenhertoday. ” f H

8、esaidthathehadn ' tseenherthatday.tonight f thatnightShesaid, “1 ' llcomeagaintonight.”f Shesaidthatshewouldgoaga in that ni ght.yesterday f thedaybeforeHesaid, “ Thishappe nedyesterday.”f Hesaidthathishadhappe nedthedaybefore.Threedaysago f threedaysbeforeShesaid, “ larrivedtwodaysago.”f Sh

9、esaidthatshehadarrivedtwodaysbefore.tomorrow f thenextday thefollowi ngdayShesaid, l”“llbebacktomorrow. ” f Shesaidthathewouldbebackthe nextday.nextweek f thenextweekShesaid, “1 ' lldoitnextweek.”f Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthe nextweek.地 占 状 语here f thereShesaid, IcameheretoseeTom. ” f Shesaidthat

10、hehadgo netheretoseeTom.动 词come/bring f go/takeHesaid, “ Ibroughtithomewithme.”f Hesaidhehadtake nithomewithhim.【拓展延伸】直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：Hesays, “I ' mtired. ”f HesaysthatheiSred.Hewillsay, “ Theboywaslazy. ”f Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需

11、要变化时态。Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“ Theearthgoesro un dthes un.f Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesro un dthes un. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变Shesaid, “ Iwasbia1995. ” f Shesaidthatshewasbor nin 1995.【典型例题】(1) Canyoutellme?A.whatthematterisB.whatmatteritisC.what ' sthematterD.thematter

12、iswhat(2) Thephysicsteachersaidtheeartharoundthesun.A.ismovi ngB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves【语法专练】1. Motheraskedtheyoungestkidwithhiscar.A.whatthematterB.Whatwasthematter C.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter2. Thetouristaskedtheguidewhathevisitthen extday.A.wasgoi ngtoB.wilIC.isgoi ngi nD.isto3. Theteacher

13、toldusthatlightfastertha nsound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istraveli ngD.travels4. Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathebornin 1968.A.wasB.hadbee nC.isD.hasbee n5. LindaaskedAmyshecouldtellherthege neralideasofthepoem.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how6. Mybrothersaidtome,“I ' mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.”Mybroth

14、ergoin gtohaveaholidaythe nextweek.7. Mothersaidtome,“ Whatareyoudo ingin theroom? ”Motheraskedmein theroom.8. Heasked, “ Can Iborrowyourbike? ”Heaskedborrowmybike9. Tomsaidtome,“ Doyoulikefootball? ”Tomaskedmefootball10.Shesaidtome,“Iwe ntovermyless on slast ni ght.”Shetoldmeoverherless on sthe nig

15、htbefore.附：Unitl短语归纳1. 做个好朋友 tobeagoodfriend2. 做下列调查 makethefollowingsurvey3. 合计总分 addupthescore4. 得分 getpoints5. 心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset6. 不理睬铃声ignorethebell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calmdow nyourGerma nfrie nd8. 关心你朋友 beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s)9. 松开了 getloose10. 不得不去户外遛狗 havegottowalkthedogoutdoors11.

16、 帮他期末考试作弊 helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam12. 列出理由 makealistofreasons/listthereasons13. 记下一连串的请求 setdownaseriesofrequests14. 根据问卷调查 accordingtothequestionnaire15. 根据编辑的忠告 accord in gtotheeditor' sadvice16. 为了分担你的困难 inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles17. 与老板相爱 fallinlovewiththeboss18. 与我的同桌相处

17、融洽 getalong/onwellwithmydeskmate19. 关心青少年 beconcernedaboutteenagers20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface21. 信任政府 trust/believeinthegovernment22. 经历了太多的战争 gothroughtoomanywars23. 相邻的城镇 neighboringtowns24. 相邻的国家 neighboringcountries 直接引语变间接引语练习题 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “ Inevereatm

18、eat. ” hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.2. “I ' vefoundmywallet. ” hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.3. “ Itookithomewithme. ” shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.4. Theteachersaid, “ Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.5. “ Imetheryesterday. ” hesaidtome.

19、Hemethathemettheday.6. “ Youmustcomeherebeforefive. ” hesaid. HesaidthatItogobeforefive.7. “ Iboughtthehouse10yearsago. ” hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.8. “ Didyouseeherlastweek? ” hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.9. Hesaid, “ Youcansithere,Jim. ”HeJimthathesitthere.10. Heasked, “ Howdidyoufin

20、dit,mother? ” Heaskedhermotherfoundit.11. “ Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays? ” heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.12. “ Doyouknowwhereshelives? ” heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.13. “ Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.” hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.14. “ Don' ttellhimthenews. ” shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.15

21、. “ Iamhavingsupper, ” hesaid. Hesaidthathavingsupper.16. “ I ' veseenthefilm, ” Ginasaidtome.Ginamethatshethefilm.17. “ Iwenthomewithmysister, ”id.shesaShesaidthathomewithhersister.18. “ Keepquiet,children.” hesaid.Hethechildrenquiet.20. “ Don' tlookoutofthewindow, ” shesaid.Shetoldmeoutofthewindow.家庭作业1. “ Iamhavingsupper, ” hesaid.Hesaidthathavingsupper.2. “ I ' veseenthefilm, ” Ginasaidtome.Ginamethatshethefilm.3. “ Iwenthomewithmysister, ” shesaid.Shesaidthathomewithhersister.4. Theteachersaid, “ Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon. ”Theteachersaidthatthes