英语简单句五种基本句型详解

1、英语简单句五种基本句型详解.基本句型英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。 英语可能要放在后面；汉语放在前面的，而 汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是 同样一句话，如果用词不同，句“我每天骑 比如，中的次序也会有变化。Igo to自行 车上学”，可以表达为也可以表达school by bike every day.为如果用图表 I ride to school every day.分析一下，我们会看得更清楚 行每上学。骑自的位置这三个语句除了行为者？ 2没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀句子 成分意义及位 置充当

2、词 类例句主语 The Subje ct表示句子说 的是“什么 人”或“什 么。通常在 事”句子前 部。名词、代 词、数 词、不定 式、动名 词、短语 或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy. Two heads are better than one.谓语 The Predi cate说明主语 “做什么” “是什么”或“怎么 样”。通常在由动词 或动词 词组充 当。Time tries all thing.（时间检验 一切）Lucy is dancing（除疑主语 后问、倒装 句。外）under the tre

3、e. Her parents are both workers.宾语 The Objec t行表示动 作、为的对 象。在及物 动词或介 词后。同主语 的充当 词类Love me, love my dog.（爱屋及乌）These girls like English. Did you see him yesterday?质、特征。常词类yesterday. cate在系动词之 Health is wealth.后。健康就是财富。）（形、代、用来修饰 名 The red one is数、名、单词或代词。定语mine.The Attrib ute个词常在修 短饰的词 前，语或句 子在被修饰 的词之后

4、。介词短 语或相 当于形 容词的 词或短 语。What is his name? A friend in need is a firiend indeed.患难见真情。) (状语 The Attrib ute形修饰动 词、容词、 副词，表示 动作发生的 时间、地点、 目的、方式 等。位置较 灵活。通常由 副词、介 词短语 或相当 于副词 的词或 短语来Our teacher works very hard. She often helps Mike. They had a meeting in Shanghai.表示。由形容宾语宾语的补足We named the 词、名逻辑上与补足语，baby

5、 Lily.词、介词宾语是“主语She made the 短语等谓”关系。在The room clean.Objec t Comp lemen t7. He wants to finish the work in time. 8. Tom came to ask me for advic e9.Engli宾语后。found it He充当。（建 master tosh.15. The apple s tasted sweet同位 语 The Appo stive 10. Do you have anyth ing else to say?重复指代并 进一步说明 名词及名词 性词语。在 被修饰词

6、 后。名词、名 词性短 语、从句 等。They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone, your me a man enteraddre ss?12. He sat there, readi ng a news paper.13. It is our duty to keep our classr oom clean and tidy, theroom.学记口诀句子成分主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成 分:1. The students got on the schoo

7、l bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper, after answer your question shall I 3. class. 4. His job is to train swimmers.6palaces many photos of the took 5. He in Beijing. 6. His wish is to become a scientist.议）important tell Would you please 11.（注意到）14. He noticed简单句的五种基本句型句型种类主 语谓语部分谓语 动词表 语宾语宾 补S + Vi.

8、1.Bifly.不及物动主语+ 词rdSS + VL + O2. + 及物动词主语 宾语Heplay sthe piano. + P3. S + V 表 系动词主语+ 语W eare 系 （动 词）frie nds.S + Vt. + InO + 4.Do +主语及物 动词+间接宾 语直接宾Igaveimna间直， hpel 1 宾宾）语 S + Vi. + O + 5.crOcmadTo me +主语+及物动词y. m+宾语宾语补足语基本句型一：S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die,disappear, fa

9、ll, happen, rise, eg:这只小狗已经死了。1.主语+不及物动词（+状语）状语主语不及物动 词状语In (2003, )The first bookcame outin 2003Wedidn't goto the cinema yesterday.Last week,Iwentto Guilin for my holiday.状宾语及物动词+主语2.+ （语）9状语Tom主语is及物 动词very宾语 today.状语happyYeste(rday)Iboughta very good bookyester day.My fatherlovespictures of c

10、ars.Every momingmy motherprepar esbreakfastfor meHewrotea bookin senior highschool.主系表结构十P： S十V基本句型二)，变 得get()；是常见的系动词有：be(),看起来 变得),look(成为 become(), tum(),尝起来), smell(感到闻起来),taste(feel()似乎听起来sound。, seem(A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1. We should an

11、ytime.B.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2. 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有： become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。 如：3. Spring comes. It is春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。4. Don't have the food. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。3 .主语+系动词+表语（+状语）主语系动词表语状语 These are great.books主谓宾结构V十。基本句型三：S十我昨天看了一部电影。They haveof the children. 这些孩子他们 照看得很好。十间接

12、宾语“人” V： S基本 句型四十 十直接宾语“物”结构的常用 动词有：间接宾语前需要加t。 bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish,write等。for的常用动词有：间接宾语 前需要力口演 buy, choose, make, order, paint, play（ 12奏），sing,等。Yesterday her fatherbirthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日 礼物。这种句型还可转换为：动词+直接宾语+ for/ to sb.

13、Please show me your picture. =Please请把你的画给我看一下。I the salt. = Ithe salt.我把盐递给他:4 .主语+及物动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语（+状语）13状语主语及物 动词间接 宾语直接宾 语状语Hishashimenjoymehobbybroug htntMy fatherbough tmea very good bikeOnmy birth day.Lastweekmyauntsentmea box of chocolat e.基本句型五：S十V十0十C主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及 物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还

14、不能表达完整 的意思，必须加上一个补充成 分来补足宾语。call （叫），choose （选）, find （发现），make, name,（命名）Keep please.请让孩子们安静下来。They painted他们把门漆成绿色。We must 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。 He asked me soon.他要我早点回来。动词 have, make, let, see, hear,:注意notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不 定式作宾补时，不带to。如：25） The boss all day.（迫使他劳动） 15We saw .（他出去）。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语

15、补足 语（+状语）主语 They talke及物动 词宾语宾语补足 语状语d for halfan hour.了半 个小 时。tenyears, expe nsive weig ht,IWecan helpyou I can't afford it.develop new skills.Idon't wantyouto worktoo hard.Thenewsmadeeveryo nehappy.than more判断类型和句子成分：Shecame.She likesEnglish. 16 She is happy the read me to The teacher aske

16、dShepassage.bought a book for me. . She gave John a bookMy head aches. . She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moon rose.他彳门谈 The dinnersmells good.午餐的气味很好。Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同 了。 He is growing tall and strong. 他长得 又高又壮。His face turned red他的脸红了。 Who knows the answer? 谁知道

17、 答案？He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书 o I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯 茶。 She ordered herself a new dress. 她给 自己定了一套新衣裳。 17She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她 给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures.Igave my car a wash.我洗 了我的汽车。Heshowed me how to run the machine. 他教我 开机器。What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想？Th

18、e children are playinghappily. The Greens enjoy living in China. He became a famous doctor. 他成 为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好 吃。IS简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类 法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skat

19、ing? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can't she?Don't boys; Be careful, 3 ）祈使句：talk in classHow clever the boy is!4 ）感叹句：2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语） 和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in themorning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and ofte

20、n draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等） 或分号（；）把两个或两个以上 的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road istortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折2。的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从 句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、 定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictu

21、res when they were at the Great Wall.（二）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only-but also-, neither-nor-5then等连接。e.g. The teachefs name is Smith,and the studenfs name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either,-or-otherwise 等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the21train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still,however, yet, while, w

22、hen 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark课堂练习 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是 复合句：1. We often study Chines

23、e history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.995. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fo

24、nd of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. very the meeting is at 8. What he said important, isn't it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree, country Jack enjoy 10. Both Tom and music.课后习题巩固按要求完成下列句子：一（改为否定 1. He dares to tell the

25、 tmth.句）for have lived here They 2.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the endof this month,?23（完成反意疑问）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.（改为一般疑 问句）6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7. This magazine comes out （出版）eve

26、ry other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his words,?（完成反意疑问）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is alwaysencouraging us to speak English in class. (对画线部分提问) 二单项选择()1.1 was drawing a horse theteacher came in.A. while B. as C.whenD. the moment()2. -Shall we go on w

27、orking?-Yes,I prefer to have a rest.A. whenB. ifC. becauseD. though()3. None of us knew what hadhappened they told us about it.A. whenB. until25D. thoughC. afterI hope you'll enjoy your trip, 4.- ()dear!riimum. -Thank you, give you a call I get there.as B. as soon A. untilD. tillC. sinceB. such, that A. so, thatD. enough, thatC. so, as toany lose to ) 6.1 never seem ( hard I try.noB.A. even though matter howD.C. as ifever sinceShall we go on working?7.)(toprefer 一Yes26have a rest.if. BA . whenthough. DC. because)