2019版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Friendship达标巩固练(含解析)新人教版必修1

1、Unit 1 Friendship李仕才* 阅读理解Pollutions serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years.Mostscientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.As we know， the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources andcre

2、ates a huge amount of pollution.So green buildings are in great need.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems andbiodiversity（生物多样性 ） ，improved air and water quality ，less wasteflowing into streams and the protection of natural resources.Green buildings can

3、also result in loweroperating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor airquality， improving the health of people who livethere.The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with natureprotection in mind.Building designs ofte

4、n reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources anduse renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw.In addition， recycled resourcesfound locally are used for greenbuildings ， reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.Careful site s

5、election is important to minimize（ 使减少到最低限度 ）human effects on thesurrounding environment.For example， placing a structure in an area thatallows it to take advantage of cool breezes（ 微风 ）and sunlight can reduce energy use andexpenses.More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so

6、 it is important to build the small ones.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.These roofs arepartially or completely covered with plants， which helps tokeep heating and cooling costs low， prevent water running off and deal withpollutants.Other features of

7、green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction.In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power， waterpowerand wind power are used for heat and electricity， which greatlyreduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.1 What can we know

8、about green buildings?2A Producing no waste.B Only using clean energy.C Being made of new materials.D Being environment-friendly.2 What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?A Large. B Small.C Green. D Low.3 What is the purpose of using green roofs?A To fit the environme

9、nt.B To keep warm.C To collect nature water.D To reduce costs.4 What is the text mainly about?A Promoting energy efficiency.B Environmental benefits.C Green buildings.D Ecosystems and biodiversity.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。【难句分析】 For example ， placing a structure in an area that allows it to take adva

10、ntage of coolbreezes（微风 ）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses.分析： 本句是一个复合句。 that 引导定语从句， 在从句中作主语， 修饰先行词 an area 。译文： 例如， 把一个建筑物放在一个使它可以利用凉爽的微风和阳光的地方， 这样可以 减少能源使用和费用。1D 考查推理判断。 根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选 D。 A 项错在不产生垃圾，这是不科学，也是不现实的，尤其是在建筑 业；B 项错在只使用清洁能源，文章中提到绿色建筑利用清洁能源，但没有说只用清洁能源

11、；C 项错在绿色建筑是用新材料建造的，文章中只是提到了利用竹子等自然材料，故排除。2B 考查细节理解。 根据第五段最后一句“ More energy and expenses are needed for largerbuildings as well ， so it is important to build the small ones”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。3D 考查细节理解。 根据倒数第二段中的“ Green roofs are another feature of green houses thatreduce energy use and cos

12、ts”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选 D。4.C 考查主旨大意。根据文章的关键词green buildings ”和对全文的整体理解可 推知，本文主3要讲的是绿色建筑，故选Co A 项错在提高能源效率，这只是绿色建筑的一个好处；B 项错在环境受益，这也是绿色建筑的一个好处；D 项错在生态系统和生物多样性,这只是在文章中有所提及而已，并非文章主旨，故排除。*语法填空My interest in Chinese food started years ago, when I was a young reporter forthe Washington Post.Our office wa

13、snt far fromChinatown, _1_ I found some verygood Chin ese restaura nts.That was the first time that I _2_ (no tice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chin esefood.When I lear ned more about the food, I bega n to un dersta nd why _3_ has this special feature.Many years ago, China had _4_

14、n ergy crisis because it lost much of its wooddue to overpopulationand poor management of its forests. This _5_ (lose) was verybad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became veryexpensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for

15、 their _6_ (value) wood, orlearn how to use it better. There were nt any substitutes, so people found ways to econo mize.In order to econo mize in cook ing, they had to use very little wood. So theystarted cutt ing their meat and vegetables _7_ small pieces before they put themin the hot oil. That w

16、ay, the food cooked _8_ (fast) and they saved more fuel.The food _9_ (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor and its this flavor_10_ attracts peoplefrom other coun tries tothe art of Chin esecook ing.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了中国食物美味的原因。在很多年前，由于中国的木柴缺乏，人们为了节约木柴

17、，就把食物切成小块烹饪，食物很快就熟了，而且保持了鲜美的味道。1.where考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子成分可知，设空处所填词引导定语从句，补充说明先行词 Chinatown，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，表示地点，故填 where。2.had noticed考查动词的时态。在It/This/That be the+序数词+time +that .”句型中，若前面的be 动词是一般过去时，that 从句使用过去完成时，故填hadnoticed。43.it考查代词。此处 it 代指前面的 the food ，故填 it。4.an 考查冠词。表示“一”的概念时需用不定冠词，因为 energy

18、的发音以元音音素 开头，故填 an。句意：很多年前，中国有一次能源危机。5.loss考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，was是谓语部分，此处应用名词形式作主语，故填 loss。6.valuable考查词性转换。根据空后的名词wood 可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，故填 o.考查介词。 cut . into . 是固定搭配，意为“把.切成.”，故填into。& faster考查副词的比较级。根据后面的more 可知，此处应用 fast 的比较级，故填 faster。9.prepared考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作后置定语，表被动，修饰名词 food ,故填

19、prepared。10.that考查强调句型。此句去掉its 和设空处后，仍是一个完整的句子，所以是强调句型，且被强调部分是this flavor ，故填 that。*完形填空When I was just out of college, I man aged to get my dream job as a trader inNew York City on the floor of the American Stock（证券）Exchange.Though it was a proud _1_ , the job was simply too physically _2_ I mustst

20、and in a crowd every day , which often _3_ me in a mindset（思维模式 ）that heldme back.Man hatta n is a walk ing tow n and its difficult to _4_ whe n you have adisability.Taxies are expe nsive and ridi ng the subway _5_ doze ns of steep stepsto get below the 6 .This left me only one 7 the bus.One night ,

21、 after the _8_ for myjob , I was aching with self-pity_9_ it startedto rain on mywalk to the bus stop .I became more and more 10 without an umbrella , thinking rd n ever5_11_ it_in this city and telli ng myself，“ this city is justtoo hard ” and “ maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”.And

22、then , I _12_ the most beautiful, short moment.A couple came rolling byon roller skates , hand _13_ hand as they skated what seemed like the tango.Theywere all wet but they saw the _14_ as an opport un ity and roma nee.I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I _15 have missed this

23、 beauty _16_ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This, although _17_ ,6was an importa nt mome nt on my journey to discover the _18_ of achievi ng healthand happiness.When I change my mindset, _19_ for a momentand work to get rid of the self-limiti ng beliefs that _20will be on the road to a hea

24、lthier, happier life.1. A.adjustmentB.achieveme ntC. agreementD.treatme nt2. A.tiringB.bori ngC. relaxingD.disappo inting3. A.remindedB.expectedC. tookD.left4. A.go upB.get aroundC. set offD.show up5. A.requestsB.supportsC. requiresD.surrounds6. A.groundB.streetC. townD.city7. A.changeB.chaneeC. ide

25、aD.choice8. A.struggleB.workC. experieneeD.in flue nee9. A.beforeB.whileC. whenD.after10. A.nervousB.curiousC. scaredD.upset11. A.getB.makeC. putD.watch12 . A.recalledB.observedC. wit nessed D.realized13 . A.o nB.byC. toD.in14 . A.rainB.treeC. wi ndD.cloud15 . A.shallB.wouldC. needD.must,to what is

26、possible_ my daily actions , I716A.exactlyB instantlyC entirelyDsuddenly17A.strangeBsmallC normalDdifferent18A.humorBhonestyC powerDprinciple19A.stillB yetC alsoDeven20A.affectBfollowC forbidDharm【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。 当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面， 作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健 康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式

27、的重要性。【核心词汇】 go up 上升 get around 四处走动set off 出发 show up 出现，到场1 B 根据第一段中的“ I managed to get my dream job ”可知，作者毕业后找到了 自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选 B 项，achievement 意为成就”。adjustment 调节”；agreement 同意，一致”；treatment 治疗，对待”。2A 根据本句中的“ I must stand in a crowd every day ”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选 A 项，tiring 意为累人的，令人疲倦的”。

28、relaxing 令人放松的”； disappointing “令人失望的”。3D 根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式”。“ leave + sh. +宾补”表示让某人.”， 故选 D 项。remi nd 提醒”；expect 预期”。4B 根据上文的“ Manhattan is a walking town ”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区， 所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(get around)的。go up 上升”；set off 出发”；showup “出现，至 U 场”。5C 根据语境可知， 出租车很贵， 乘坐地铁需要 (requires) 走下几十个陡

29、峭的台阶才 能至 U 达地下。request “请求”；support “支持”；surr ound “围绕”。6A 根据本句中的“ the subway ”以及常识可知，人们在地面 (ground) 下乘坐地铁，故选 A 项。7D 句意：这让我只有一种选择公共汽车。 根据上文提至的交通方式都不适合作 者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择 (choice) 。88A 句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗experience “经历”； influence “影响”。9. C 参见上题解析。when 在此处表示

30、“当的时候”，符合语境。10 D 根据上文的“ it started to rain ”和空后的“ without an umbrella ”可知， 下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧 (upset) 。11.B 根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会 取得成功了。make it 是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事”。12.C 句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨 中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。 recall “召回，回想起”； observe “观察”； witness “目睹”； realize“认

31、识到”。13.D 句意： 一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋， 手拉着手， 他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。 handin hand “手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故选D 项。14.A 根据上文的“ it started to rain”和“ Theywere all wet ”可知，虽然他们 身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨 (rain) 当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。15.B 句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由 if 引导的对过去的虚拟句，结构为“ if 主 语+ had +过去分词，主语+ should/would /could + have +

32、过去分词，所以选B 项。16.C 根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly “正是，恰好”；instantly “立即，马上”；entirely “完全地”；suddenly “突 然”。17.B 虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange “奇怪的，陌生的”；small “小的”；normal “正常的”；different “不 同的”，故选 B 项。18.C 根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor幽默”；honesty “诚实，正直”；power 力量”；principle“原则

33、”。19.D 句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时， 即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、 更快乐的生活之路。 根据 句意可知，此处表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet “还，然而”；also “也，而且”；even “即使”。20.A 根据语境可知，此处表示“影响 (affect) 我日常行为的自我限制的信念”。* 短文改错In order to promote participation in outdoors exercise, our school organizedan activity to climb Mount Tai o

34、n April 10. The majority of my classmates joined the activity.(struggle) 了一天之后。9Early in the morning, having assembled outside the school gate, we head straightto Mount Tai. We set out for the top in high spirits whe n the mome nt we arrived atthe foot of the mountain. In a course of the climb, we c

35、ooperated with each otherto pass the rocky and steep areas. Laughing and cheering,we eventually reached thesummit, which we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. View ing fromthe top, the city was beautiful.Bathed in the warm sunshine, we entertainedus withstories, son gs, dances and game.This event was extremely ben eficial for not only did we take a break from ourheavy school workload, but we also learned how to cooperate. Therefore,we stronglysuggest that similar eve nts are held every year!答案：In order to promote participati on in o