常见英语缩略式(Contraction)

1、v1.0可编辑可修改常见英语缩略式(Contraction)缩略式(Contraction)和缩写(Abbreviation) 是两个不同的概念。Abbreviation 是指单词 或片语缩短后的形式，主要用于在书面语中替代完整形式，如用 Mass,替代Massachusetts (马萨诸塞州), 用USA替代United States of Ameirica(美利坚合众国)，用RMB替代Renminbi (人民币)等。Contraction又称缔约词或收缩词，是指通过省略或结合一个较 长短语中的某些音素而形成的词，如从 of the clock收缩而来的o'clock ，从I am收

2、缩而来的I ' m等，在书写时，需要用(apostrophe)来代替省略掉的部分。使用中必须要注意缩略式的使用场合，缩略式的最大问题是被用于不该用的地方。一般来说，缩略式在小说体重是完全正常的，特别是在对话中，作者想要传达一种听上去像实际口头语言的信息。然而，在正式的非小说体写作中，缩略式几乎是不被接受的。也就是说，在更加 正式的写作中，最好避免使用缩略式。A List of Standard Contractions in Englisharen'tare notthere'sthere is; there hascan'tcan notthey'dt

3、hey had; they wouldcouldn'tcould notthey'llthey will; they shalldidn'tdid notthey'rethey aredoesn'tdoes notthey'vethey havedon'tdo notwasn' twas nothadn'thad notwe'dwe had; we wouldhasn'thas notwe llwe willhaven'thave notwe'rewe arehe'dhe had;

4、he wouldwe'vewe havehe'llhe will; he shallweren'twere nothe'she is; he haswhat'llwhat will; what shallI'dI had; I wouldwhat'rewhat areI'llI will; I shallwhat'swhat is; what has; what doesI'mI amwhat'vewhat haveI'veI havewhere'swhere is; where hasis

5、n'tis notwho'dwho had; who wouldit'sit is; it haswho'llwho will; who shalllet'slet uswho'rewho aremightn'tmight notwho'swho is; who hasmustn'tmust notwho'vewho have11v1.0可编辑可修改shan'tshall notwon'twill notshe'dshe had; she wouldwouldn'twould not

6、she'llshe will; she shallyou'dyou had; you wouldshe'sshe is; she hasyou'llyou will; you shallshouldn'tshould notyou'reyou arethat'sthat is; that hasyou'veyou haveshould没有缩写为d的，were没有缩写为re的，was没有缩写为s的FullformContrac tedNotesnot-n'tIrregular forms: "ain't&q

7、uot;, "don't", "won't", "shan't". "n't" canonly be attached to an auxiliary verb which is itself not contracted.let uslet'sI amI'mare-'rewe're /w? r/ is pronounced differently fromwere /w? r/ in somedialects.is-'sdoesinforma

8、l, as in "What's he do there every day"hashave-'ve"What've you gotten in there"had-'ddidinformal, as in "Where'd she go"wouldwill-'llofo'-used mostly in o'clock , where it is mandatory in contemporary useofo'as in "barrel o'

9、monkeys," "Land o' Goshen," "lots o' luck"it't-Archaic, except in stock uses such as'T was the night beforeChristmasthem'emPerceived as informal, yet old. Actually from hem which is not the22v1.0可编辑可修改same word as them, a Norse loan.is notisn't, or ai

10、n'tain't is contracted fromam not and more recently is not ； it isgenerally considered a colloquial contraction.ContractionMeaningain'tam not / are not / is not / has not / have notaren'tare not / am notcan'tcannotcould'vecould havecouldn'tcould notcouldn't'vecoul

11、d not havedidn'tdid notdoesn'tdoes notdon'tdo nothadn'thad nothadn't'vehad not havehasn'thas nothaven'thave nothe'dhe had / he wouldhe'd'vehe would havehe'llhe shall / he willhe'she has / he ishow'dhow did / how wouldhow'llhow willhow's

12、how has / how is / how doesI'dI had / I wouldI'd'veI would have33v1.0可编辑可修改ContractionMeaningI'llI shall / I willI'mI amI'veI haveisn'tis notit'dit had / it wouldit'd'veit would haveit'llit shall / it willit'sit has / it islet'slet usma'ammadam

13、mightn'tmight notmightn't'vemight not havemight'vemight havemustn'tmust notmust'vemust haveneedn'tneed notnot'venot haveo'clockof the clockshan'tshall notshe'dshe had / she wouldshe'd'veshe would haveshe'llshe shall / she willshe'sshe has /

14、 she isshould'veshould haveshouldn'tshould notshouldn't'veshould not have44v1.0可编辑可修改ContractionMeaningthat'sthat has / that isthere'dthere had / there wouldthere'd'vethere would havethere'rethere arethere'sthere has / there isthey'dthey had / they wouldth

15、ey'd'vethey would havethey'llthey shall / they willthey'rethey arethey'vethey havewasn'twas notwe'dwe had / we wouldwe'd'vewe would havewe'llwe willwe'rewe arewe'vewe haveweren'twere notwhat'llwhat shall / what willwhat'rewhat arewhat's

16、what has / what is / what doeswhat'vewhat havewhen'swhen has / when iswhere'dwhere didwhere'swhere has / where iswhere'vewhere havewho'dwho would / who had55v1.0可编辑可修改ContractionMeaningwho'llwho shall / who willwho'rewho arewho'swho has / who iswho'vewho havewhy'llwhy willwhy'rewhy arewhy'swhy has / why iswon'twill notwould'vewould havewouldn'twould no