2018年北京市朝阳区初三一模英语逐题解析

1、2018年北京市朝阳区初三一模英语逐题解析2018.5知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。1. Look! That old man is crossing the road. Let' go and helpA. meB. himC. herD. them【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题考查人称代词。根据题目回答中Let's go and help .何知，help为动词，谓语动词后应该用人称代词宾格，而且主语是that old man ,属于第三人称单数。选项A为第一人称I宾格；

2、选项B为第三人称单数he宾格；选项C为第三人称单数she宾格；选项 D为第三人称复数they宾格。故正确答案为选项B。2. In order to keep cool, many people go swimming summer.A. inB. atC. onD. to【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查时间介词。根据题干中summer可知是夏天。选项A后接月份、季节、年份等；选项B后接具体时间点；选项C后接 具体日子以及具体某一天的早中晚；选项 D表示到"。故正确答案为 选项A。3. Hurry up,you 1l be late for school.A. andB. butC.

3、 soD. or【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题考查连词。连词主要看前后句的逻辑。题目译为 快 点，你将上学迟到”。选项A译为和，并且"，表并列；选项B 译为 但是"，表转折；选项C译为因此"，表因果；选项D译为否则”， 表转折。故正确答案为选项 D 。4. I think skiing is than running.A. excitingB. more excitingC. most excitingD. the most exciting【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考查形容词比较级。根据题干出现的“hanrunning”译为 比跑步更根据题干后面出现的形容

4、词比较级标 志词“than”，所以选比较级。此题目中选项 A为形容词原级；选项B 是形容词比较级；选项C为最高级，缺少the,故不正确；选项D是形 容词最高级。故正确答案为选项 B 。5. Jack a good rest as soon as he finishes the exam.A. hasB. hadC. is having D. will have【正确答案】 D【解题思路】本题考查时态。是对时间状语从句中“主将从现”的考查。句中有"as soon as ”主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。选项 A为一般现在时；选项B为一般过去时；选项C为现在进行时；选项D 为一般将来时。

5、故正确答案为选项D 。6. Every year many foreigners to China to learn Chinese.A. comeB.cameC. have comeD.will come【正确答案】 A【解题思路】本题考查时态。一般现在时的考查。根据问句中的标志词Every year ”可知该题应该选择一般现在时。选项A为一般现在时; 选项B为一般过去时；选项C为现在完成时；选项D为一般将来时。故 正确答案为选项 A 。7. - Where s Bob?- He in the library now.A. readsB. readC. is reading D. will

6、read【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考查时态。是对现在进行时的考查。根据句子中的标志词 “ now可知该题应该选择现在进行时。选项 A为一般现在时； 选项B为一般过去时；选项C为现在进行时；选项D为一般将来时。故 正确答案为选项 C 。8. I a picnic with my brother last Sunday. It was great.A. haveB. hadC. will have D. am having【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考查时态。是对一般过去时的考查。 根据答句中 “lastSunday ”可知时态为一般过去时。选项A为一般现在时；选项B为一般 过去时；选项

7、C为一般将来时；选项D为现在进行时。故正确答案为 选项 B 。9. I my grandparents since 2016. I miss them very much.A. won t seeB. don t seeC. haven t seenD. didn t see【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考查时态。是对现在完成时的考查。根据题目中的“sinc2016”可知时态为现在完成时。选项A为一般将来时；选项B为 一般现在时；选项C为现在完成时；选项D为一般过去时。故正确答 案为选项 C 。10. My mother to music when I got home at five o

8、clockyesterday.A. listensB. listenedC. was listeningD. has listened【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考查时态。是对过去进行时的考查。题目中“whenI got home ”可确定主句时态为过去进行时。选项 A为一般现在时；选项B为一般过去时；选项C为过去进行时；选项D为现在完成时。故正 确答案为选项C 。11. Some new computers to that village school last month.A. giveB. are givenC. gaveD. were given【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题考查被

9、动语态。该题主语是“ Some new computers译为 “一些新的电脑”，谓语动词为“give ” 译为 “给”。 “电脑 ”不能主动发出 “给 ”的动作， 只能 “被给 ”， 是动宾关系， 确定该题选择被动语态。被动语态基本结构为 主语+ be + done ”，选项A和选项C不是被动语 态结构，均排除。选项B是一般现在时态的被动语态结构；选项 D是 一般过去时态的被动语态结构。根据题目中的时间标志词“lastmonth ” 可知该题应该选择一般过去时的被动语态结构，排除选项B 。故正确答案为选项 D 。 12.- Excuse me, could you tell me ?- So

10、rry, sir. I wasn t there at that time yesterday.A. how the accident happensB. how the accident happenedC. how does the accident happenD. how did the accident happen【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循 “陈述语序 ”原则， 因此排除选项C和选项D。选项A为一般现在时；选项B为一般过去时。由时间状语“yesterday ” 可知， 该题选择一般过去时态， 排除选项 A 。故正确答案为选项B 。二、完形填空（共8

11、 分，每小题1 分）通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、 B、 C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项Saving Jesse s ArmAt about 8 p.m. on July 6th, eight-year-old Jesse was playing in the sea in a National Park near Pensacola. It was the end of a perfect day at the beach with his uncle and aunt.Suddenly, a two-meter-long shark ( 鲨鱼 ) appeared

12、(13),and it bit off Jesse sright arm from the shou lder. By the time his uncle and aunt pulled Jesse out of the water, he was unconscious (失去知觉的 ) and had already lost a lot of (14).While Jesse s aunt was giving the boy the kiss of life, his uncle ran back into the sea and (15) the shark under the w

13、ater.Amazingly, he managed to catch the shark and pull it out of the water onto the beach, although this might sound impossible. At that moment two park workers arrived to help the family and one of them shot the shark four times in the head. Then he held open the shark s (16) while the other worker

14、 reached down itsstomach and pulled out Jesse s arm.A few minutes later, a helicopter ( 直升机 ) took the boy and his arm to the nearest hospital , where Dr. Lan Rogers and his team managed to (17) the arm to Jesse sbody again. Theoperation lasted eleven hours. When the doctors saw Jesse s fingers go p

15、ink, they knew the operation had been a (18).After such a terrible accident nobody believes that good things will happen, but the medical team are hopeful that Jesse will be able to (19) his arm again in the future.“ AlthoughJesse story is terrifying, it would be not correct to think that sharks are

16、 always so dangerous. Sharks are usually harmless to human. ” Dr. Ian Rogers said. “ However, we should be (20) for safety and should only swim on beaches where there are lifeguard. ”13. A. quickly B. slowly C. loudly D. happily【正确答案】 A【解题思路】本题考查副词。文章所在句译为“突然，一条两米的鲨鱼 出现"。选项A译为“突然地”；选项B译为“缓慢地”；选

17、项C译为“大声地”；选项D译为“快乐地”。根据文章语境判断，故正 确答案为选项A 。14. A. water B. weight C. bloodD. sight【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题考查名词。结合本句意思：他失去知觉并且已经失去了很多的 。 结合前句 “鲨鱼咬下了 Jesse 的胳膊” 可知选 C。选项A译为“水”；选项B译为“体重”；选项C译为“血”；选项D译 为“视力” 。根据文章语境判断，故正确答案为选项 C 。15. A. helped B. killedC. bitD. found【正确答案】 D【解题思路】本题考查动词。根据后句“令人惊讶的是，他设法成功的抓住了鲨鱼并且把

18、他拉出水，拉到了沙滩上”可知， Jesse叔叔的 前一个动作为找到鲨鱼。选项 A译为“帮助”；选项B译为“杀死”； 选项C译为“咬”；选项D译为“找到”。故正确答案为选项Do16. A. mouth B. eyeC. earD. head【正确答案】 A【解题思路】本题考查名词。结合本句意思“然后他打开了鲨鱼的选项A译为“嘴”；选项B译为“眼睛”；选项C译为“耳朵”； 选项D译为“头”。后文提到“另一个工人伸到了它的(鲨鱼的)胃 里，然后拿出了 Jesse 的胳膊”故正确答案为选项A。17. A. stop B. connect C. placeD. break【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题

19、考查动词。选项A译为“停止”；选项B译为“连接”； 选项C译为“放置”；选项D译为“打破”。根据文章语境判断，应该 将胳膊与身体连接起来，故正确答案为选项B 。18. A. fail B. harmC. success D. progress【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考查名词。本句译为“当医生看到 Jesse 的手指变为粉色时，他们知道手术是 选项A译为“失败”；选项B译 为“伤害”；选项C译为“成功”；选项D译为“进步”。根据文章语境 判断，故正确答案为选项C 。19. A. give B. useC. makeD. put【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考查动词。本句译为“没人相信在

20、这么严重的事故后还会发生好的事情， 但是医疗团队希望 Jesse 将来能够 他的胳膊”。选项A译为“给”；选项B译为“使用”；选项C译为“制造”； 选项D译为“放”。根据文章语境判断，故正确答案为选项 B。20. A. respectableB. comfortableC. terribleD. responsible【正确答案】 D【解题思路】本题考查形容词。这句话译为“但是我们应该为安全,只在有救生员的海域游泳”。选项A译为“尊重的”；选项B 译为“舒服的”；选项C译为“可怕的"；选项D译为“负责的”。根据 文章语境判断，故正确答案为选项 D 。阅读理解 （ 共 36 分）三、阅

21、读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、 B、 C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）Special festivalsSt. Anthony s DayJanuary 17th is St. Anthony s Day in Mexico（墨西哥）.It's a day when people ask for protection for their animals by bringing them to church. But before the animals go into the church, the people usually dress t

22、hem up in flowers and ribbons.The Festival of RakhiLong ago in India, a young Iady who needed help sent her silk bracelet （手镯）to a king. Although he did not arrive in time to help her, he kept the bracelet as a sign between them. Today in India, during the festival of Rakhi, sisters of all ages ties

23、 bracelets around the wrists of their brothers to show their care and love.Spring FestivalOne of the biggest celebrations in China is Spring Festival. It s the first day of the lunar year. Families get together and watch special programs on TV with the family on the Lunar New Year s Eve. People can

24、see a lot of traditional programs too, such as lion dancing or dragon dancing. They wish people a happy new year and a bright future.SetsubunOn the evening of February 3rd people in Japan celebrate the end of the winter and beginning of spring. This is known as setsubun. The family members through d

25、ried beans around their homes, shouting,Good luck in!21. People celebrate the festival of Rakhi inB. ChinaA. MexicoC. IndiaD. Japan【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息 Rakhi”定位 到第二段第一行Long ago in India故正确答案是选项C。22. Which festival is on the evening of February 3th ?A. SetsubunB. The festival of RakhiC. Th

26、e spring of festivalD. St. Anthony s Day【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“February 3nd 定位到第四段，第一句话 On the evening of February 3nd ”，定位本 段小标题为Setsubun ”，故正确答案是选项A。23. what do people do on the Lunar New Year s Eve?A. Bring their animals to church.B. Watch special programs on TV.C. Give a bracelet to the

27、ir family.D. Throw beans around their homes.【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息 on the Lunar New Year's Eve”可以定位到文章的第三段第三行，Families get together and watch special programs on TV with the families on theLunar New Year s Eve”。故正确答案选项 B。There was a time when no one knew the name Harry Potter. Now the a

28、dventures of this extraordinary student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry are read in over 45 languages ， including Russian ， Thai ， and even ancient Greek. No one can explain the Harry Potter phenomenon （ 现 象 ） not evenJ.K.Rowling, his creator.J.K.Rowling was born in England in 1965. Fr

29、om a young age ，she knew she wanted to be a writer. When she was 6, she wrote her first story about a rabbit that gets sick. At school ， she used to make up stories to tell her friends.After graduation from college ， she worked as a secretary. But she didn t give up her dream. She spent her lunch ho

30、ur writing stories ， mainly for adults. Then in 1990 ， on a train trip to London ， she got the idea from the boy wizard. She says he just appeared in her head. She soon created many other characters to help Harry fight the forces of darkness.She kept working on the story while she was teaching Engli

31、sh in Portugal ， where she married ， had her first child ， and divorced（ 与离婚 ）a year later. When she returned to England ， she brought back a box of Harry Potter stories.After returning home ， she was broke and living in a small house. She continued writing ， and in 1995 ， finished the first book in

32、 the series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone. It was published（ 出版） in 1997 and became an unexpected bestseller.Rowling s life has changed a lot. She has become internationally famous and now earns around $40 million a year. She remarried, had a second child and lives in Scotland now.24. When d

33、id J.K.Rowling write her first story about a rabbit?B. In 1971.D. In 1995.A. In 1965.C. In 1990.【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息 “ wroteher first story about a rabbit ，定位至文章第二段第第三句， ”“when shewas 6, she wrote her first story- about a rabbit that gets sick. 以及 ” 第二段第一句说罗琳出生于 1965 ， 1965 加 6 等于 1971 。

34、 故正确答 案为选项B 。25. What happened to J.K.Rowling in 1997?A. She had a train trip to London.B. She taught English in Portugal.C. She became an unexpected bestseller.D. She remarried and had a second child.【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“ 1997 ”可定位至悌五段最后一句，" and became an unexpected bestseller 。故正确

35、答案是选项 C 。26. J.K.Rowling becomes successful because she .A. lives in Scotland nowB. never gives up her dreamC. earns around $40 millionD. keeps working on the train【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考查推断题。根据题目中的关键词 “becaus可知是要考查 J.K. Rowling 成功的原因。由此可以定位到文章的第二段“ she knew she wanted to be a writer 、第三段的 ”“ But she didn

36、 t giveup her dream. 、第四段的” “ She kept working on the story while ”第五段的 “ She continued writing 可知 J.K. Rowl”ing 从小就想做一名作家，在人生的各个阶段一直在持续写作，才能够有后面“哈利波特系列”的成功。容易出错的C项讲述的是成功之后的成果，而非原 因。故正确答案为选项 B 。CIn the days before electricity, people don tworry much about sleep. They usually went to bed a couple of

37、hours after sunset （日 落） and woke at sunrise. After all, there wasn t much to do in thosdays after the sun went down. But then came the electric light bulb （电灯泡） . And now we have satellite television, the Internet,24-hour convenience stores, and longer hours at work. How much can we sleep? How much

38、 should we sleep?Like it or not ,many of us are sleeping less on average （平均） .In 1910, most Americans slept 9 hours a night. That dropped to 7.5 hours by 1975. In 2002, a study by the National Sleep Foundation found that the average American got only 6.9 hours. The news is even worse for people who

39、 work the night shift. They sleep an average of just 5 hours.Are we sleeping enough? Not if you believe in the old rule of eight hours of rest, eight hours of work, and eight hours of play. On the other hand, Norman Stanly, a British scientist who studies sleep, believes people s sleep needs are dif

40、ferent. Some people need as many as 11 hours, but others need as few as three. How much do you really need? “ To find out, ” he says, “ simplyosuleweapkuentil ynaturally, without the help of an alarm clock. That syour sleep need. ”Meanwhile, other scientists and researchers are searching for new way

41、s to keep us awake longer. Some are developing chemicals （化学药品） that are safer and more powerful than caffeine , the chemical found in coffee and tea. One experimental drug, CX717, kept laboratory monkeys working happily for 36 hours. Further developments may allow people to safely stay awake for se

42、veral days straight. One group of researchers is studying a gene （基因） found in some fruit flies that lets them get by on one-third the usual amount of sleep. Another group is even working on an electric switch that immediately wakes up a sleeping brain.The meanings of this research are huge. On the

43、one hand, this could lead to a world where we work longer and longer hours with less and less sleep. On the other hand, if we needed less sleep, we would have more free time to travel, read, volunteer, and spend time with family.27. How many hours did most Americans sleep a night in 1975?A. 5B. 6.9C

44、. 7.5D. 9【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考查细节题。首先在题干中找到关键词“in 1975”，直接回文定位到第二段第二句： “ That dropped to 7.5 hours by 1975. ” 。故正确答案为选项 C。28. What can we learn from the passage?A. People have got enough sleep.B. People will work longer hours.C. Sleep time will be a big problem.D. Saying awake for long is possible.【正确答案

45、】 D【解题思路】本题考查推断题。通过文中第三段第三句： “ believespeople s sleep needs are different. ”无法判断人们的睡眠是否充足，因为每个人的需求不同，选项 A太过绝对，故排除A。通过文中第五段第二句： “ On the one hand, this could lead to a world where wework longer and longer hours with less and less sleep ”可知，这是研究的一个推测，并没有确定，而选项B过于绝对，故选项B排除。选项C文中没有提及，属于无中生有，故选项 C排除。故正确答

46、案为 选项 D 。29. What is probably the best title of the passage?A. To Sleep or Not to Sleep?B. How can We Sleep Longer?C. To Work or Not to Work?D. How Much can We Sleep?【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查主旨题。文章第一段作者指出没有电之前人们不担忧睡眠，接着指出人们有了电以后及卫星、电视、网络、24 小时便利店、工作时间变长了等这些事，最后连续用两个问句 “ Howmuch can we sleep ”“ How much shou

47、ld we sleep； I 出'全文话题 睡眠” ，第二三段回答了这两个问题“我们的睡眠时间越来越短以及每个人对睡眠时间要求不一样 睡到自然醒才能算是足够的睡眠” ；第四、 五两段作者指出科学家和研究者一直在寻找可以让我们保持清醒（不睡眠）状态的方式；工作时间变长睡眠时间变短各有利弊，比如优点我们可以腾出更多时间去陪家人、旅游、阅读等等（缺点是睡眠时间减少） 。所以纵观全文作者是在突出睡眠时间选择。所以选项A “to sleep or not to sleep ”更适合。选项B译为“我们如何能够睡得更久” ，而在倒数第二段中讲到的是如何能够让清醒的状态（不睡眠）保持更持久，故排除选项

48、B。选项C译为“工作或不工作”在中并没有提及，故排除选项Co选项D译为“我们需要睡多少时间”，针 对这个观点在第一段结尾处提出问题， 只是在第二段进行解答，后面 没有围绕该观点展开讲解，选项 D为以偏概全，故D选项排除。故正 确答案为选项A。All in the memoryMany people complain that their memory is bad, especially as they get older. Phone numbers, names, facts we studied only a few days ago - life would be so much ea

49、sier if we could remember them all effortlessly. So how can we improve our memory?Many people think that repeating things is the best way to remember them. While this undoubtedly helps short-term memory （remembering a telephone number for a few seconds, for example）, psychologists （心、理 学家）doubt whet

50、her it can help you to remember things for very long. The British psychologist E. C. Stanford seemed to prove this point when he tested himself on five prayers （祈祷文）that he had read aloud every morning for 25 years.He found that he could remember no more than three words of some of them! More helpfu

51、l, especially for remembering numbers, is grouping the information. The following numbers would be impossible for most of us to remember: 1492178919931848. But look at them in chunks , and it becomes much easier: 1492 1789 1993 1848.So what aboutmemory training ” veWeheard about people who can memor

52、ize packs of cards by heart how is this done and can anyone learn how to do it? According to experts, there are many ways of training your memory. Many of them involve forming a mental picture of the things to be memorized. One method, which may be useful in learning foreign languages, is to create

53、a picture in your mind connected to a word you want to remember.Another method is to invent a story that includes all the things you want to remember. In experiments, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this skill; when tested afterwards, on average, they were able to recall 90% of t

54、hem!However, not all of us are interested in learning long lists of names and numbers just for fun. For those studying large number of information, psychologists suggest that the best way to form meaningful connections is to ask yourself lots of questions as you go along. So, for example, if you wer

55、e reading about a particular disease （ 疾病 ）, you would ask yourself questions like:“Do peopleget it from water? ”, “What parts of the body does it influence? ” and so on. This is said to be far more effective than time spent passively reading and re-reading notes.30. Which of the following is true a

56、bout repeating things according to the passage?A. It helps short-term memory for sure.B. It makes remembering things interesting.C. It helps to remember things for long.D. It makes remembering prayers effortlessly.【正确答案】 A【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题干的“repeating things ” 定位至文章第二段第一句“Many people think that repe

57、ating things isthe best way to remember them. While this undoubtedly helps short-term memory. ” 译为“许多人认为反复是记忆的最好方式。然而这无疑是有助于短期记忆。”再从选项分析，选项A译为“这肯定 有助于短期记忆”，同时选项中的for sure与原文undoubtedly同义替 换。选项B译为“这会使记忆有趣”原文中未提及，故排除。选项 C 译为 “这会有助于长久记忆” 根据关键词“for long ” 定位到第二段第二句“psychologists doubt whether it can help you to rememberthings for very long. ” 译为“心里学家怀疑这是否会对长久记忆有帮助。”可知不符合原文，故排除。选项 D译为“这会使记忆祈祷文毫不费力。 ” 据关键词“prayers ” 定位到第二段第四句“He found that he could remember no more than three words of some of them.可知和原句表述不一致