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1、2018届高考语法专项形容词和副词形容词和副词的词形变化1. 形容词后缀一able: v. + able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable 等。 n. + able: valuable, reason able, kno wledgeable 等。(2) ible: terrible , horrible , in visible , possible 等。(3) al: intern ati on al, men tal, medical, n atural, gen eral 等。(4) ant或 ent: instant, distant, c
2、onstant, important, patient, different, absent 等。(5) ed或 ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing 等。(6) en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken 等。(7) ern: eastern, southern, western, northern 等。(8) ful : n. + ful: colorful , beautiful, helpful , powerful 等。 v. + ful: forgetful, careful
3、等。(9) less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless 等。(10) ly : friendly , lovely , daily, weekly 等。(11) n./v. + (i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious 等。(12) some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome 等。(13) n .+ y: funny , lucky, snowy, rainy , dusty 等。2. 形容词前缀(1) un : unhappy, unfair, unimportant,
4、 uncomfortable , unnecessary 等。(2) im :impossible , impolite , impatient 等。(3) in : in active, inconvenient, in correct 等。(4) dis :disabled, dish on est 等。(5) ir :irregular, irresponsible 等。(6) il :illegal 等。3. 副词后缀一般都是 adj. + ly 构成,如 different宀differently 等。名师指津注意:以一e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e,有的不去 e,直接加一ly。例
5、如:definite 宀definitely , truetruly。典例(2016 全国卷乙语法填空)From tomorrow , I will be their UK ambassador. The titlewill be(official) give n to me at a ceremony in London.officially 解析:设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词形式,故填officially 。单句语法填空/单句改错1. (2017 山东下学期综合测试 )Ron had a(success) career and worked forFord before retiri ng
6、 and leadi ng a relaxed life.successful解析:句意:在退休过轻松日子之前,罗恩在福特公司工作,他的事业很成功。名词career前需用形容词作定语,故答案为successful。2. (2015 陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life , she did whatcomes(natural).naturally 解析:句意强调"她做了一件顺其自然的事 ”,即符合狗本性的事。 此处应该用副词 naturally作状语,修饰动词 comes。3. (2016 四川
7、高考语法填空)Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild femalepanda with a n ewbor n baby. She was a very(care) mother.careful/caring 解析:她是一个非常仔细的/充满爱心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。4. (2015全国卷n语法填空)As(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indiansfigured out exactly how thick the adobe walls n eeded to be to make
8、 the cycle work on most days.natural解析:根据后面的名词可知,这里要用形容词修饰后面的名词architects o 故填 natural。5. (2015 全国卷 n 短文改错)How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terribleworried.terrible terribly解析:此处修饰形容词worried ,故用副词形式。考点二形容词和副词的基本用法1. 在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词禾口畐U词的用法,女口before, ago, many, much, eve
9、r, never 等。2. 有些副词,女口 fortun ately , luckily , surpris in gly , hon estly, actually, person ally 等,作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点,有助于快速填空。3. 连接副词的用法连接副词逻辑语意意义though表转折虽然,然而yet表转折然而,可是however表转折,其后常用逗号然而,但是in stead表转折或相反相反,代替otherwise表转折否则besides表递进另外,而且moreover表递进再说,而且still表递进仍然,
10、依然therefore表结果因此thus表结果因此any way表让步无论如何 Bicycli ng is of great ben efit to our health , besides it does not pollute the air.骑自行车有助于我们身体健康,并且对空气无污染。典例(2015 全国卷 I 短文改错)Much rare animals are dying out.Much t Many 解析:可数名词复数animals前应该用 many修饰。注意:首字母应该大写。巧I学【巧单句改错1. (2017 广西下学期适应性测试 )Unfortunate , when he
11、 went downstairs again , he foundthe machi ne had bee n broken.Unfortunate t Unfortunately 解析:分析该句结构可知,此处应用副词位于句首作状 语修饰整个句子。2. (全国卷 I )Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and Iplanted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果)in our back garden.beforeTago解析:由语境可知,"我”和妹妹五年前在父亲的帮
12、助下,在后花园里种 植了一些圣女果 , 五年前应为 five years ago。3 .(2016 全国卷丙短文改错)However, my pare nts did n ' seem to thi nk such.suchTso解析:此处think为动词,其后应用副词so,意为“(刚说过的事物)这样,那样” 。so的类似用法有I hope so, if so等。such为代词或限定词,故将such改为so。4. (辽宁高考)The early morning barking has been disturbing us as we are often up all nightwith
13、 the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.Beside Besides解析:句意:清晨的狗叫让人很烦,因为我们经常整晚照顾孩子;而且,克利奥平均一天吠叫6个小时。根据句意可知,应将Beside改为副词Besides(而且),表示递进关系。介词beside意为"在旁边”。5 .(全国卷 I )However, he was the gentlest man I have neverknown.never ever解析:根据语境可知,此处句意为"然而,他是我认识的最绅士的人”。考点三比
14、较级、最高级的用送1. 等级用法的固定句式(1) as+形容词或副词原级+ as像一样(2) as+ adj.+ a(n) + n.单数+ as 像一样(3) not so/as+形容词或副词原级+as不如那样(4) too/how + adj. + a/an+单数名词多么 /太(5) as many+复数名词+ as或者as much+不可数名词+ as和一样多表示“两者中较的一个”,用“the+比较级”的结构。as much+ a/an+ n.单数+ as既是又是 It is gen erally believed that teach ing is as much an art as i
15、t is a scie nee. 人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。2. 修饰比较级的副词及副词短语a bit, a little , rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no 等。见至U这些词时,首先考虑所填的空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。厨血圖冏very, quite, fairly , too 等通常修饰原级。 I wonder if you are feeling any better today.我想知道你今天是否感觉好点。 The hotel is rather more exp
16、ensive tha n that one.这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。3. 比较级、最高级常用句式"the+比较级,the+比较级”表示"越越 It is believed that the harder you work , the better result you will get.人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果将越好。 "the+比较级+ of the two +名词”表示"两个中较的” Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University or
17、Fudan Uni versity?上海交大与复旦大学,实力较强的是哪一个? “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义 Do you thi nk the weather is good eno ugh for a picnic?你认为这是野餐的好天气吗?Yes. You can' hope for a nicer day at this time of the year.是的,在一年中的这个时候,你不能期待更好的天气了。 “ the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围”表示在某个范围内“最” She is the most active stude nt in our class.她是我们班最活
18、跃的学生。典例(全国卷 I )Finally , that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clea n) tha n ever.cleaner解析:句意:最后人们的努力得到了回报,现在这条河比以前更干净了。根据句意以及空后的than,可知空缺处应该填提示词的比较级形式。一 单句语法填空/单句改错1. (2017 山东泰安一模)A wise man came along and asked them , “ Oh, my dear friends , why are you crying ?”“ We were ten
19、 but now we are only nine,” they replied , and cried even (hard).harder解析:句意:一位智者走了过来 ,问道:“噢,我亲爱的朋友们,你们为什么 哭啊? ”“我们本来10个人,可现在我们只有9个人了 ”,他们回答道,甚至哭得更厉害 了。根据句意以及设空处前的 even可知此处需用副词的比较级形式作 cried的状语。2. (2017 云南师大附中模拟 )The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and co
20、uld even make humans(small).smaller解析:句意:科学家宣称当前的气候变暖可能会对哺乳动物有同样的影响,甚至可能会使人类变得更小。根据句意及even可知,此处含有比较意义,故应用比较级。3. (2015 四川高考单项填空 )Andy is content with the toy. It is the(good) he has ever got.best解析:句意:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他所得到过的最好的玩具。第二句中的It是指上文提到的玩具,根据设空后的比较范围he has ever got可知用形容词的最高级,答案为best,其后省略了名词toy。4.
21、(全国卷 n )It may not be a great suggestion. But before a(good) one is putforward , we 'll make do with it.better解析:句意:这也许不是一个很好的建议,但在提出一个更好的建议之前 ,我们会将就用这个。根据句意可知此处暗含比较含义,“a+比较级”表示“一个更的”,故填 better。5. (2015 陕西高考短文改错)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world.,我母亲能做世界上最好吃的饼干。better best解析:考查最高级。由语
22、境可知6. (浙江高考)To make matters bad , now I have to share a room with my younger sisterMaggie.badworse 解析:考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,现在我必须与我最小的妹妹Maggie共用一个房间。对点通关随堂巩固,即时提升I单句语法填空1. (2015 全国卷 n 语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot daysand give out that heat(slow) during cool nights , thus wa
23、rming the house.slowly 解析:根据动词短语 give out有宾语that heat,后面不需要再带有名词之类的词,因此可以判断出这里所给词修饰该动词短语,得用副词。2. (全国卷 I )The river was so polluted that it(actual) caught fire and burned.actually 解析:空处所填词修饰动词caught和burned,所以要用副词形式actually,意为“事实上,实际上”。3. (广东高考)When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out.S
24、he was(surprise) helpful.surprisingly 解析:本空后的helpful是一个形容词,修饰形容词应该用副词。4. (广东高考 )After our plane Ianded , we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation sixmon ths(early) , but the man at the front desk said there had bee n a mistake.earlier 解析:由本句中的had made可知,作者在到达之前就提前六个月预订了房间。本句暗含比较 , 意思是 “早在六个
25、月前5(辽宁高考 )The (hard) you try to beat him , the more likely you will get hit.harder 解析:本句是一个固定句式:the +比较级 ,the+比较级 表示"越就越”;你越用力击打他,你越可能被击中。由此可知用hard的比较级形式harder。6. (2017 江西红色七校联考 )He sat down and started(gentle) talking to the dog.gently 解析:句意:他坐了下来开始温柔地和狗谈了起来。此处需用副词gently 作talking 的状语。7. (2017
26、山东青岛自主学习)As they couldn ' ptlay outdoors, they were (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time.unhappy 解析:句意:由于他们不能去外面玩 ,所以他们不高兴 , 甚至有些孩子不时地打架斗殴。根据上下文逻辑可推知设空处应为形容词unhappy(不高兴)作表语。8. (2017 东汕头二模)My aunt advised that I needed to go to hospital , and the treatmentshe provided gave my
27、parents (value) time to take me to the hospital.valuable 解析:句意:我姑姑建议我去医院 , 她给我提供的治疗给了我父母宝贵的时 间将我送去医院。名词 time 前需用形容词作定语 , 故答案为 valuable。9. (2017 河北衡水中学七调 )We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something(impress) and meaningful.impressive 解析:句意:我们可以通过写学习总结来开始这个习惯
28、, 而且我们还要记 得记录下给人印象深刻的和有意义的事情。设空处与形容词meaningful 并列 , 修饰代词something, 故推出设空处应为形容词 impressive。10. (2016 浙江高考单项填空)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experienee, (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.especially 解析:句意:突然停车有时会是很可怕的经历 ,尤其是在你高速行进时。 设空处需用副词修饰if引导的状语从句,故答案为especially(尤其)。11. (2017
29、 河南洛阳模拟 )Little Tommy is really hard to deal with. You can' ftind a (noisy) boy in the class.noisier 解析:句意:小汤米真难对付;你在这个班上找不到比他更吵闹的男孩子了。not 或 never 与形容词比较级连用 , 表示最高级含义。12(大纲全国卷单项填空 )Raymond' s parents wanted him to have the (good)possible education.best 解析:句意:雷蒙德的父母希望他能接受最好的教育。根据语境可知应用形容词最高级
30、,修饰名词 education。 possible 用在形容词后表示强调。13. (2017 山西四校联考)Of all the cities in the world , one of the top six(healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.healthiest 解析:句意:世界上所有的城市中, 位列前六名中最健康的城市之一是丹麦的哥本哈根。“one of + the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定用法,意为“中最之一”,因此,此处应用形容词最高级,故填healthiesto14. (2017 东佛山二模)My 即plication was
31、 successful and I spent a(n) (enjoy) month learning film making.enjoyable解析:句意:我的申请成功了,我用了令人愉快的一个月学习电影制作。设空处修饰名词 month ,作定语,应用形容词。故填 enjoyable。15. (2017 湖南长沙六校联考 )(surprising) , when I got home , I found a wet $20 bill stuck to the ground.Surprisingly 解析:句意:令人吃惊的是 ,当我到家的时候 ,发现一张湿的 20 美元的 钞票贴在地上。设空处在
32、句中作状语 , 修饰整个句子 , 应用副词。故填 Surprisingly 。n单句改错1. (2016 全国卷丙短文改错 )At one time , I even felt my parents couldn 'understand me soI hoped I could be freely from them. freely free 解析:句意:我甚至一度觉得父母不能理解我,于是我希望能够不受他们的束缚。系动词 be后用形容词。2. (全国卷 I )We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost ! wonderfully won
33、derful解析:此处修饰名词tomatoes,故用该词的形容词形式。3. (2017 湖北黄冈调研)One day in Senior Grade 1, I happened to see an English movienamed Speed.It was so interested that I watched it again and erested interesting 解析:第二句中的It指代上句中的电影Speed,指物,应用形容词 interesting 修饰, 意为 “有趣的 ” 。而 interested 意为“感兴趣的 ”, 常用于修饰人。4. (2017 湖南十校共同体联考 )When Mr Tang slowly went into the classroom , we could see clear that it was hard for him to leave us though he had taught us for onl
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