动词的时态和语态1

1、动词：谓语动词和非谓语动词1. 谓语动词的时态（9种）和语态（2种）2. 非谓语动词（3种）：动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式和动词的-ed 形式， * 谓语动词的时态& 一般现在时基本用法介绍一、什么时候用一般现在时？（一般现在时的功能和用法）方法一：理解用法1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。方法二：标志词（时间状语） always, so

2、metimes, often, usually, every week (day, year, month), once a week, twice a month，every two days (每隔两天)，now and then （时而）etc. eg: He gets up at 6 o'clock every morning.二、 一般现在时的谓语动词怎么用？（一般现在时的构成）【句型1】 用be动词（强调状态/特征）：主语 + 谓语(am,is,are)+其它。（主系表） 如：He is an excellent boy.【句型2】 用实义动词（强调动作）： 主语(非第三人

3、称单数) + 谓语（动词原形）+ 其它。主语(第三人称单数) + 谓语（动词的第三人称单数）+ 其它。（主谓宾） 如：We hold a class meeting every week. 改为被动句： 一般现在时的被动句句型: *记住： 1. 一般现在时的谓语动词有实义动词了，就不能再有任何形式的be 动词，二者不可得皆。* 在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数(如he,she,it，Tom, my mother等)或不可数名词（如water/money等）或不定式/动名词/主语从句时，谓语动词也要变为第三人称单数的形式 如：Mary does well in Chinese.将下列动词变为

4、第三人称单数的形式并总结变化规律：(1) award _ play _ apologize _ survive_规律一：_(2) guess _ fix _ teach _ wash_ go_规律二：_(3) carry _ fly _ study _ worry _规律三：_？思考：对比动词变第三人称单数形式和名词变复数的变化规律三、一般现在时的变化（变否定句、一般疑问句）陈述句变为否定句 ：将下列句子变为否定句并总结变化技巧1. I can get you a concert ticket. _2. He is a very excellent student. _3. My parent

5、s always talk to me about my school life._4. The famous singer sings some Chinese songs every day. _【技巧1】_【技巧2】_【技巧3】_陈述句变为一般疑问句 ：将下列句子变为一般疑问句并总结变化技巧1. He can pack his things himself. _2. Amy is our monitor. _3. Mr Li looks very old. _4. My friends all like me very much. _【技巧1】_ 【技巧2】_【技巧3】_总结特殊疑问词：

6、what ：什么 what colour：什么颜色（表语） what time：问时间点 what weather：什么天气 what subject：什么学科 when：问时间 (回答用At. On.等) where：哪里（状语） which：哪一个 who ：谁 ( 回答用He is. She is. They are.等） whom： 谁（宾格） whose：谁的 (回答用It is. They are等) why：为什么 (回答用Because，问原因) How：怎么样 How many：多少数量（+可数名词复数） How many times: 多少次 How long：多长(可用于

7、时间，问做多长时间） How much：多少钱(问价格)；多少数量（+不可数名词） How often：多少次 （问频率） How far：多远路程 How soon：多久 How old:多大年龄陈述句变为特殊疑问句 ：对划线部分提问并总结变化技巧1. The girl is Lucy's sister. _2. The boy goes to the park once a week. _3. I can see some water in the glass. _总结一般现在时的特殊疑问句型：_四、一般现在时表示将来的特殊用法1）在时间或条件句中。例如：He will visit

8、 you if time permits.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。注意主从句的时态： 主句用_, 从句用_一般现在时用法专练:一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_do_ teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _ ( have) dinner at home.2. I will come afte

9、r the meeting if time _ ( permit).3. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sundays.4. _ they _(like) the World Cup?5. I Will go to see him when he _ (finish) the training course.6. Nowadays, e-cards _ (send) through the Internet easily.7. English _ (speak) widely throughout the world.8. They _ (make) to work

10、 ten hours a day by the boss.9. Very often, he _(see) to help his classmate.10. This watch can _ (repair) in two days.11. It _ (say) that he _ (go) in for reading.三、翻译下列句子1. 我弟弟非常喜欢玩电脑游戏。2. 只要我们努力学习，我相信我们能成功地通过这次考试。3. 这个房子每天有人打扫。（被动句） & 一般过去时的基本用法介绍一、什么时候用一般过去时？（一般过去时的功能和用法）方法一：理解用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发

11、生的动作或存在的状态。例如：Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went , they were given a warm welcome.方法二：标志词（时间状语） Yesterday， yesterday morning /afternoon /evening ，the day before yesterday, in 1979， just now （刚才）, at

12、 that time （当时), last +时间（如 last week,/month,/year/ Monday,/January,/spring, etc. ）, 时间 + ago （如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , two years ago, ）， the other day, etc.二、 一般过去时的谓语动词怎么用？（一般过去时的构成）【句型1】 用be动词（强调状态/特征）：主语 + 谓语(was, were)+其它。（主系表） 如：He was a nurse two years ago.【句型2】 用实义动词（强调动作）： 主语 +

13、谓语（动词的过去式）+ 其它。（主谓宾） 如：We conducted a survey about shopping on line in our school. 改为被动句： 一般过去时的被动句句型: * 在一般过去时中，谓语动词用过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下： 构成规则 原形 过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed look play staylooked played stayed结尾是e的动词加-dlive hope uselived hoped used末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstop plan dropstopped planned

14、dropped以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变为i，再加-edstudy carry worrystudied carried worried不规则变化靠记忆cost spend bringcost spent brought* ？思考：动词过去式和过去分词变形的异同练：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词add _ _ suffer _ _ retell _ _ destroy_ _ bury_ _ advise_ _ refer_ _ apply_ _ rub _ _ buy_ _ cost _ _ drink _ _ seek_ _ spend_ _ rise _ _ 三、一般过去时的变化（

15、变否定句、一般疑问句） 陈述句变为否定句 ：将下列句子变为否定句并总结变化技巧1. I could get you a concert ticket. _2. I was on the Internet when you called me _3. The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. _【技巧1】_【技巧2】_【技巧3】_陈述句变为一般疑问句 ：将下列句子变为一般疑问句并总结变化技巧1. He could pack his things himself. _2. Amy was a teacher. _3. Mr Li looked very

16、old. _【技巧1】_ 【技巧2】_【技巧3】_一般过去时用法专练:一、用实义动词的适当形式填空1. There _ (be) an apple on the plate yesterday.2. Her father _ (not read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ (drive) to the zoo yesterday .4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. I _ (give ) ten minutes to decide whether I should accept

17、 the offer.6. When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners _ (seat) in chairs.7. He _ (be not ) crazy about pop music two years ago.8. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground yesterday afternoon.  否定句：_一般疑问句：_特殊疑问句：_2. All the st

18、udents were very excited at the news at that time.  否定句：_一般疑问句：_三翻译句子1. 两年前他痴迷于电脑游戏，因此他没有成功地通过这次考试。2. 上周来自北大的王教授给我们作了一个关于怎样保护环境的讲座。3. 过去，我们写信表达情感（被动）；如今，我们可以通过网络彼此交流。4. 昨天她在你们班里作了演讲吗?_ 5. 上周谁在我们学校作了调查？_ 6. 你昨天在网上买了什么？_ &.1.记住一些常见的含有be动词的短语：be proud of, be popular with sb, be strict wit

19、h sb, be ill, be willing/ ready to do sth, be crazy about.2. 记住一些常见的含有实义动词的短语：approve of sb/sth(赞成某人或某物）, call on sb to do sth(号召某人做某事, bring sb up, catch up with sb（赶上某人）, concentrate one's mind on sth(专心于), depend on(依靠), devote oneself to sth（致力于）, do/try one's best to do sth（尽力做某事), do w

20、ell in sth (在某方面做得好）， do harm to sb（对某人/某物有害）, give a lecture/speech(做演讲），help sb with sth, keep in touch with sb（与.保持联系）, learn .from sb（向某人学习）, learn .by heart（背诵，记忆）look down upon（瞧不起）, look forward to sth/ doing sth, make friends with sb, make up one's mind to do sth（下定决心作某事）, make good/full

21、 use of.（好好/充分利用.）, make a great contribution to(对.做出巨大贡献）, make an apology to sb for sth（因某事向某人道歉）, make every effort to do sth (尽一切努力做.）pay attention to，persuade sb to do sth, protect sb/oneself /sth from (保护.免受.的侵害). put one's heart into(专心于）, put up with（忍受）, read aloud（朗读）, regard .as（把.看作）

22、, set an example to sb, share happiness and sorrows with sb,（与某人同甘共苦），show sb around sth（带领某人参观某物）, spend.on sth/ spend.in doing sth ,spare no efforts to do sth(不遗余力做某事）， stand for（代表）, take great trouble to do sth(不辞辛劳做某事）,take some measures to do sth(采取一些措施做某事）,think highly of sb/sth(重视某人）& 一般

23、将来时一、什么时候用一般将来时？（一般将来时的功能和用法）方法一：理解用法表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态。 Eg: I will come to party if time permits.I will be there in two hours.方法二：标志词（时间状语）tomorrow , tomorrow morning / afternoon， the day after tomorrow (后天)， next (Sunday / Monday / week / month / year) , in + 一段时间 (in two minutes , in three hours,

24、in a few days/years), in the (near) future etc请将句子：I will wash the clothes tomorrow morning .改为否定句：被动句：二、 一般将来时的谓语动词怎么用？（一般将来时的构成）一般式：否定式：被动式： 练习：一、用动词的正确形式填空1. The ceremony _ (hold) tomorrow.2. If they come, we _ (have) a meeting.3. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, we _(go ) roller-skating.(滑冰)4. There

25、_ (be) a birthday party this Sunday.5. Before long, he _ (forget) all about the matter.6. He _ (be) back in three hours.7. We _ (not go) until you _(come) .8. We _(send) for a doctor if you _ (be) not better in the evening.9. Many new stadiums and gyms _(build) here in 2020.10. The pictures _(take)

26、by Jack tomorrow.11 The film _ (show) again sometime next week.二、按要求翻译句子1、我们学校将举行为期四天的运动会.一般式：否定式：被动式：& 过去将来时表示从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。最常见的构成： 主语 + would + 动词原形（be / do）. + 其它I knew that he_(come).He said he _ (quit) his job and join the army. She said he _(have) a concert the next year.M

27、y brother said if he had time, he _ (go) to the cinema that night.& 现在进行时一、什么时候用现在进行时？（现在进行时的功能和用法）1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。常用时间状语now, at the moment, at present , 或动词 look, listen, Can't you see? We are waiting (wait) for you now.Look! Maria and Tom (dance) under the tree. 2. 表示现阶段的长期的或重复性的动作

28、，说话时动作未必正在进行。句中常出现的时间状语是these days, this week, this monthMr Green is writing (write) another novel this month.They (have) a test this week .3. 与always连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，如赞叹、 厌烦、抱怨等。You are always changing your mind.4. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的现在进行时常表示即将发生的动作。I'm leaving to

29、morrow . I'm coming, mom!请将句子： He is cleaning the room now. 改为：否定句：被动句：二、 现在进行时的谓语动词怎么用？（现在进行时的构成）一般式：否定式：被动式： * 总结动词的现在分词的变形规律：规律一：一般情况，直接加-ing。 do- doing stand- standing规律二：以不发音的e结尾，去掉e再加-ing. come- coming dance- dancing规律三：以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ing sitting swimming running规律四：以ie结尾的，将ie变为y, 再

30、加-ing die- dying lie- lying练二：将下列动词变为现在分词play_ pull _ exist _ puzzle _ seek _ include_ permit _ believe_ fly _ die _ admit _ lie _ refer _ rub _ tie _ escape _ study _ see _ begin _ write _ 练三、用动词的适当形式填空1. I_ (write) an article now .2. Look ! They _ (study) in the classroom .3. As we all know , our

31、country _ (become ) stronger and stronger .4. He is always _(come) to school late.5. 80% of the students _ (swim) in the river now .6. Please be quiet. The students _ (have) an exam.7. The road is blocked, because a new road _ (build) .8. We can't move into our new house right now. It _ (paint).

32、9. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _(wash ) away now .& 过去进行时一、什么时候用过去进行时？（过去进行时的功能和用法）1. 表示过去某一时刻，某一阶段正在进行的动作。常与at this time yesterday , all the morning 等时间状语连用。 She was reading a novel at this time yesterday. .改为否定句：被动句：二、 过去进行时的谓语动词怎么用？（过去进行时的构成）一般式：否定式：被动式： &

33、amp; 现在完成时1 什么时候用现在完成时？（现在完成时的功能和用法）方法一：理解用法1. 表示过去发生过或完成的动作或状态, 但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作发生在 过去，而对现在造成的影响和结果，翻译为“已经”I have spent all of my money.Jane has laid the table.2）表示发生在过去某一时刻, 持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示, 常与for（+ 时间段）,since（+ 时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. (表 )I have lived here

34、since 1998. (表 )方法二：标志词（时间状语）Since, for, already, yet, just, ever, recently, lately, up to now, until now, so far, in the past / last+一段时间（few years, two days, three decades .）, by.(到时候为止)将句子：I have finished my homework. 变为：否定句：被动句2 现在完成时的谓语动词怎么用？（现在完成时的构成）一般式：否定式：被动式： 练习：1 在过去的10 年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。一般

35、式：否定式 ：2 到这个学期为止我学会了5000 单词。一般式：否定式：被动式： 3 用现在完成时的几个句型1. It is the first / second time.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I _ (visit) the city. This is the first time（that）I _ (hear) him sing. 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been (be) late.2. It / That / This is + 形容词最高级+that结构，

36、that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that I've（ever）seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。3.(ever) since的主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。He has been abroad ever since he （graduate）from the Peking University.一、用动词的适当形式填空（1） Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ (know) what's happened to him.（2） I _(be) here for 5 years.（3） T

37、hey _ (learn) English for 8 years .（4） He has never been to Shanghai, _ ?(反义疑问句)（5） The famous writer _ (write) two new books in the past three years.（6） Our country_(change) a lot so far（7） He _ (teach) Xiao Li French for three years.（8） Harry Potter is a very nice film. It _(see) twice by me.（9） -

38、 _ you _ (do) your homework yet? -Yes. I _ (finish) it a moment ago.& 过去完成时1）概念：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或者完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。构成形式： 主动式：主语 + 谓语（had done ） + 其它 被动式：主语 + 谓语（had been done）+ 其它2） a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said that she (visit) my school.b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先

39、，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police ,_(arrive ) the thieves (run) away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。1 “by +过去时间”过去完成时By the end of last term , I (learn) 5000 English words.2 It was the first/ second/ last.time that.had done.It was the second time that he _(visit) our school .& 【现在完成时与过去完成时的区别】现在完成时与现在有关，把一个过去

40、的动作或状态与现在的时间联系起来，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；过去完成时是相对于某个过去的时间或动作来使用的，表示动作在这个过去的时间或动作之前已经发生。即“过去的过去”。比较：I have finished （finish）my homework.我已做完了作业。（结果：我可以出去玩了）He said he had finished his homework.他说他已做完了作业. （finish动作在say之前）练习：1. When I got to the station, the train_ already _ (leave).2. She_ (finish) writing the composition by 10 o'clock this morning.3. When Li Mi