中考英语_简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

1、简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）O

2、ne-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正

3、的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Th

4、ree times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you hav

5、e? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： W

6、e make him our monitor(班长).5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the l

7、ab in good order.（介词短语）6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）H

8、is progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语） 7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London. Light travels most quickly.（副词及副

9、词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go

10、 there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works

11、 very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to becom

12、e a scientist.7. Hewants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and

13、tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构 主语 不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构 主语 连系动词 表语S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 判断类型和句子成分：She came She likes English. She

14、is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。He is growing tall

15、and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face turned red. 他的脸红了。Whoknowsthe answer? 谁知道答案？ Heenjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。Iwantto have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。Heboughtyoua dictionary. Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。Ishowedhimmy pictures. Igavemy cara wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He

16、showedmehow to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一：S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disap

17、pear, fall, happen, rise,1). 学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。8) We should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。9) 这种食物尝起来很糟

18、糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10) Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。11) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构13) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.16）They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, l

19、end, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。 18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19) The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为： 动词 直接宾语 for/ t

20、o sb. 20) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I _ _the salt. = I _the salt _ _.我把书递给他。基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）, find（发现）, make, name, (命名)22）Keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23）They painted _ _ _. 他们把门漆成绿色。 We

21、 must _ _ _ _.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。 He asked me _ _ _ soon. 他要我早点回来。24）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：25）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他劳动) We saw _ _ _. (他出去)。考点突破训练1、I am sorry to have kept you_ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2、 I felt somebody _

22、 me A touch B touched C to touch D touches3、 He taught me _ speak English A how should B how C how can I D how to 4、 I shall make your dream _ A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5、 He told _ home A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 6、 I think _ a good habit to ge

23、t up early A this B it C that D its7、 Roses in bloom smell _ A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness ( )1. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 2. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 3. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. l

24、ately B. late C. latest D. latter ( )4. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we ( )5.I think _necessary（必要的） to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 6. The dog _ mad（疯的）.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was l

25、ooked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class

26、 One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

27、英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语基本句型一： S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如：1). 学生们学习很努力。_2). 她跑得很快。 _3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。

28、_补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如：4). With the help of his families and neighbors, the farmer lives a happy life._。5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. _。6). Our soldiers fought

29、 a wonderful fight against the Japanese many years ago._。7). He died a glorious death. _。基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。如：8) We should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静。9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, gro

30、w, turn, go, come, prove,等。如：10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。11) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。12) The fact _ _. 这个事实证明是正确的。基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.14) I never said I would

31、come back._。15）They finally decided to get along with us. _。16）They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。17）I dont like watching too much TV._。基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19) The old m

32、an is telling the children stories in the Long March._。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：A. 动词 直接宾语 for sb.；B. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。20) Please show me your picture.=Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。21) Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.=Ill offer _ _ _ _ _ as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你

33、提供机会的。基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾宾补结构这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：22）Keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23）他要我学好英语。_.24）他把书放在书架上。_.25) 他把墙漆成白色。_.26) 我发现我的钱包被偷了。_.27) 我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_.注意：动词have, make, let,后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to； 动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不带to的不定式或动名词做宾补，如：28）The bo

34、ss made him do the work all day. _。29）我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。_.第2/4页基本句型翻译练习基本句型一: 主+系+表1. 当时他看起来不高兴。_2. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。_3. 我擅长英语。_4. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。_5. 这故事听起来很有趣。_6. 收到你的来信我很高兴。_ 基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)1. 2011年至2013年我在广益中学学习。_2. 今天上午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去了那里。_3. 这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。_4. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。_ 基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾1. 去年在学校电脑

35、竞赛中我获得了一等奖。_2. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。_3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。_4. 我们也在校园内和周围种上了许多树。_5. 晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。_ 基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）1. 去年王老师教我们英语。_2. 在我14岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。_3. 昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。_4. 对不起，能问你一个问题吗？_ 基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）1. 那时我正看到那些孩子在河边玩。_2. 我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。_3. 当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。_4. 我注意到凯特整个早上都

36、在图书馆里看书。_5. 父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。_ 基本句型翻译综合练习：1. 那噪音太大，我无法继续学习。_2. 得知你9月份要来我很高兴。_3. 长沙是一个品尝新食物的好地方。_4. 当那个人在过马路时，小车撞了他。_5. 我已决定明天下午3：30到机场接他。_6. 所有父母都希望看到他们孩子们的成功。_7.志愿者常给贫穷的孩子们提供很多学习用品。_第3/4页1. He looked unhappy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.3. I am very good at English.4. The food tastes delicious.5. I was so pleased to hear from you.6. The story sounds very interesting.1. I studied in Guangyi Middle School from 2011 to 2013.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.4. The car didn