高考英语动词和词组

1、高考英语动词和词组概述 主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析：develop发展冲洗；meet见面满足；cover覆盖涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。热点1 几个常见的谓语动词1.关于make（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：Hell make me a kite.=Hell make a kite for me.他将给我整理一

2、个风筝。（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如： make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/speech/report/face/plan/success/living/differencemake an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apologyto sb make preparations/progress/roomfor sb make ones way/bread tea coffee/up ones mind/no an

3、swer(3)make作使役动词时,表示 “使做某事、使成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：形容词：They are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们国家变得美丽。名词：I would make you king over the earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。过去分词：What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？省去to 的不定式：The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。注意：mak

4、e在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。No one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。典例1The regulations were made_ children after the accidents.A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. to be protected构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为。典例2The manager, _it clear to us that he didnt agree with us ,left the meeting

5、 room.(江西卷)A. who has made B. having madeC. made D. Making（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）原料+be made into+成品成品+be made by+执行者制造者成品+be made in+地点物体组织+be made up of +若干成份典例3 The old cottage can be_ temporary(临时的)houses.A. made into B. made of C. made b

6、y D. made in（5）make构成的两个常用词组：make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：They hurried on to make up for lost time.他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。The boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。She made up her face to look prettier.她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。典例4Everybody in

7、the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _jokes.(江苏卷)A. turning up B. putting upC. making up D. showing upmake full/good/the best use of 充分利用。We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。Lets make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口

8、语。2.关于consider（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？He considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。（2）作“认为，把当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：I consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.

9、I consider it necessary to study English.我认为学英语很有必要。（4）consider(as)表示“把（某人或某物）看作”。如：Most people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。典例5 Many things_ impossible in the past are common today.A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. being considered3.关于keep（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：现在

10、分词 如：Dont keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。过去分词 如：His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。副词 如：This helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。介词短语 如：He kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。形容词 如：The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。(2)keep作系动词，

11、意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit(3)keep doing 与keep on doing表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。如：Dont give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：Weve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。keep/keep on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/be

12、ginning/leaving 。典例6Keep _after meals, then youll be in good health.A. walking B. sleeping C. standing D. sitting（4）其它搭配keep back 阻止，落在后面keepout (of)使在外，不让入内keep away 不接近，避开keep from 阻止，抑制，避免于keep off 让开，不接近keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于keep in touch with与保持联络典例7We read the newspaper

13、 every day to _the present affairs.A. keep up B. keep up withC. catch up with D. keep in touch with4.关于go（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。Liu Mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。比较：He is already gone.(强调无目的)He has gone.(强调有目的、方向)（2）go 有“说的”之意。常用于“the story goes据说

14、；as the saying goes正如格言所说”。如：As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。典例8As a Chinese old saying_, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”A. goes B. say C. is said D. is written（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）（4）go to常与go to attend意义相同，多与一

15、些表示活动的名词连用。如：go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner等。（5）注意区别：go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做He went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。比较He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaki

16、ng of themafter he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.(6)其它搭配go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步go

17、 about着手做，从事 go ahead 前进，进行go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加 go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习go through经历，经受 go up 上涨5.关于agree（1）agree 一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。（2）区别： 表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree with sb./what sb says。表示“适合、合适”。如：agree with This climate doesnt agr

18、ee with me.这里的气候不适合我。表示“一致、协调”。如：The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须与人称和数保持一致。agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision.agree on /upon表示“对取得一致意见”。如：They both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。典例9 I dont _people smoking all day long

19、.A. agree B. agree to C. agree on D. agree with热点2 常见动词近义词辨析常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：1.关于win, defeat, beat和gain(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war, battle, game, match, argument, a victory, the prize,100 yuan, a race, honor for, the praise, the first place等，而不能是表示人的名词。(2) beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：beat sb. in 在比赛、

20、战斗、争论中击败某人。beat him at table tennis在乒乓球赛中击败他(3)defeat sb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：defeat the enemy in the war在战争中击败敌人(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：gain experience/wealth/a reputation/the time/the marks/the rank/the prize/ones respect/success/knowledge/ones living/happiness/a salary/an honor。典例1Ou

21、r basketball team_ theirs by a score of 100:98.A. won B. defeat C. beat D. gained2.关于fit, suit和match(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：This coat fits her nicely.这件外套非常合适。The key doesnt fit the lock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”常构成be fit for 。如：He is fit for the job,他适合这份工作。The water is fit to drink.这水适合喝。（3）作

22、不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：Does the coat fit?这件大衣合身吗？（4）suit作适合，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：That color doesnt suit your complexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与相配”。如：Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。典例2The red tie you bought doesnt _my coat.A. fit B. fit for C. suit D. match3.关于cost, s

23、pend, take和pay(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：The shirt cost me ten yuan.I spent ten yuan on the shirt.It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.I paid ten yuan for the shirt.(2)结构搭配上的不同spend的主语只能是人。常用结构：sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。常用结构：sth. +cost(s

24、)+ sb. +time/moneytake的主语多为指物的名词。常用结构：It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。常用结构：sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.典例3 I _the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought4.关于hurt, wound, injure和harm(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：Many people were hurt when a bus and a

25、truck collided.一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：There were two people injured in the car accident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤。（4）harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Our dog wont harm you.我们的狗不会伤害你的

26、。Getting up early wont harm you!早起对你没有坏处。典例4There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasnt_ at all .A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词hang hanged hanged(绞死) lay laid laid(放置)hang hung hung(悬挂) lie lied lied(说慌) lie lay lain(平卧)find f

27、ound found(发现) fall fell fallen(跌倒)found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、击倒) fail failed failed（失败）典例1 The carpet where he _was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.了had lied2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词enter(误为enter into) marry(误为marry with)reach(误为reach

28、 to) mention(误为mention about)serve(误为serve for) address(误为address to)approach(误为approach with) salute(误为salute to)fit(误为fit for) benefit (误为benefit to)典例2She _John to get away from her step-mother.A. married B. married with C. married to D. was married重点2 五种基本句型中的动词使用简单句的五种基本句型，通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分

29、。1.主语+不及物动词理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙计，你还走得动吗？The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有：read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, ta

30、ke place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如：The tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。典例1Food and drink are _,but the men are still cheerful and confident.A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening2.主语+及物动词+宾语理解及物动词在此

31、句型中带宾语的用法：(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如：He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗？(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, cant help, stick to

32、等。如：I suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。You must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,offer, plan, refuse等。如：I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如

33、此巨额的工资。（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）。3.主语+系动词+表格系动词在此句型中的用法：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。（1）系动词+形容词作表语。如： That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。（2）系动词+名词作表语。如：Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。（3）系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。

34、如：He is near,他在附近。典例2The cooking chicken in the pot _very good.A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如：Could you bring me the book? Could you bring the book to me ?请把那本书

35、带给我好吗？（2）for变换间接宾语动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他为我买了一瓶墨水。（3）用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词：do, leave, play等。如：Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能帮我忙吗？典例3 Smoking will_harm to you .Please get

36、rid of it.A. do B. give C. make D. find5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。They usually call the baby Dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如：She will make him

37、 happy.她将使他幸福。Please cut the stick short.请把这根棍子砍短点。（3）接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。典例4 I found _impossible _him _his mind.A. this, to make; change B. it; to make; to changeC. this; to make; to change D. it; to make; change

38、难点 动词词组的使用与辨析动词词组的使用和辨析是动词考点中的重点也是难点，考查形式涉及多项选择题中的语法和 和词汇知识题、多项选择式完形填空题、短文改错题多种题型。典例1Kathy _a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up典例2Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _most of her day.(广东卷)A. takes up B. make

39、s up C. saves up D. puts up典例3 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _the books when youve finished them.(全国卷)A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off 典例4His mother had thought is would be good for his character to_from home and earn some money on his own.(北京卷)A. run away B t

40、ake away C.keep away D.get away小试牛刀1. Every minute should_to work for the motherland.A. make use of B. be made of C. be made use of D. make of 2. The first color TV set was considered by most people_this century.A. having been invented it B. one of whom inventedC. who had invented it D.to have been invented3.In face of failure for the moment ,its the most important to_a good state of mind.A. keep on B. keep at C. keep up D. keep out4.After the five ,very little